渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷原油成因类型及其分布规律

南堡凹陷近年油气勘探取得了重大突破,为揭示该区滩海与陆地油气成因及分布规律,对67个原油和油砂样品进行了详细的地球化学研究。南堡凹陷原油具有低硫、中高蜡含量特征,陆相成因特点显著。共分为4种类型原油:(1)陆地沙三段深部层系原油,具有高4-甲基甾烷丰度、低奥利烷丰度与低甲基菲指数值和轻微偏高成熟度特征;(2)陆地Es1—Ed原油与Ng和Nm原油,其特征与第一类原油相反;上第三系原油普遍遭遇生物降解;(3)滩海东营组原油,以较高伽马蜡烷/C30藿烷和高甾烷/藿烷值区别于陆地原油;(4)滩海奥陶系潜山原油,具有低丰度甾萜类生物标志物、相对高丰度孕甾烷、三环萜烷与重排甾烷系列等特征,显示较高成熟度。上述4种成因类型原油指示南堡凹陷陆地、滩海均存在多层导有利烃源岩;同层位中滩海Es1-Ed存在较陆地更为优越的有利烃源岩,南堡滩海地区具有广泛的油气勘探前景。     

渤海湾盆地星东凸起油源对比与成藏条件研究

根据垦东凸起原油及其周围生油凹陷烃源岩的色谱、色质等多种地球化学分析结果，确认了桩东凹陷沙三段是其最重要的油源凹陷，来自桩东凹陷的石油资源占该凸起总资源的四分之三以上，其次为沾化凹陷弧南洼陷和莱州湾凹陷，而青东凹陷的贡献很小。通过已知油藏分布的控制图素分析，总结了该区石油成藏条件及其富集高产原因，预测了油藏分布规律，指出了有利勘探方向。垦东凸起油源对比及成藏条件研究成果对渤海湾盆地其它类似地区的高凸起成藏研究具有一定的参考价值。     

渤海湾盆地与苏北-南黄海盆地构造特征和成因对比

渤海湾盆地和苏北-南黄海盆地为我国重要的含油气盆地,但由于所处的构造背景不同,导致石油地质条件相差很大,对比两者在构造特征和形成演化上的异同对于探讨两盆地的油气成藏条件具有重要意义。通过实际资料并分析大量研究成果认为:两盆地均为陆相断陷盆地,内部凹陷受生长断层控制而呈"箕状",在断裂特征、活动性等很多方面具有相似性,而在盆地结构、断裂展布等方面差异明显;盆地浅部构造的形成是深部物质活动的响应,深部热隆升对渤海湾盆地形成起到重要作用但不是引起苏北-南黄海盆地裂陷的原因,扬子板块与华北板块的碰撞对两盆地基底形成起到了决定作用,滨太平洋构造域板块多次转向、俯冲是两盆地裂陷和内部构造形成的重要原因之一,印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞导致大量深部物质向东、东南逃逸而影响两盆地的演化过程。结合盆地形成的影响因素,在区域动力学分析基础上,分六个阶段解释渤海湾盆地和苏北-南黄海盆地的形成演化。     

辽河盆地西部凹陷稠油成因类型及其油源分析

根据原油的成熟度、生物降解程度及生物降解后油气的注入情况等多元因素,将辽河盆地西部凹陷的稠油划分为原生稠油、降解型稠油和降解—混合型稠油,在此基础上对该区稠油的油源进行了分析;研究表明,富伽马蜡烷的未熟原生稠油和未熟—降解型及低熟—降解型稠油可能主要来源于沙四段源岩,富4-甲基甾烷型的原油可能与沙三段具有亲缘关系。     

论渤海湾盆地深层油气勘探

渤海湾盆地近年来在古近系及以下层系发现并探明31个深层油气藏。分析表明,盆地深层以油藏为主,气藏为辅,盆地西部蕴藏较多的石油,向东部则天然气产量增多,这种分布现象与盆地深层烃源岩干酪根类型和高地温作用有关。讨论了古近系原生油气藏、上古生界煤系烃源岩二次生烃的油气藏、下古生界原生油气藏的成藏机制。认为古近系含油气层系仍是近期深层勘探的主要目标,但应加大上古生界煤系烃源岩层和下古生界海相深层油气的勘探。     

渤海湾盆地奥陶系潜山内幕油气成藏主控因素研究

本文的渤海湾盆地奥陶系潜山内幕是指有石炭系—二叠系覆盖的奥陶系潜山。潜山内幕多为单斜平行结构,储层基本为非均质"似块状结构"。古近系为主的烃源岩,通过控山断层的断面输油,形成"新生古储"的成藏模式。奥陶系潜山内幕成藏有四项主控因素,按重要程度依次为生烃灶供烃潜能、有效输烃窗口、优势输导通道以及储层裂缝发育。同时具备四项有利主控因素的潜山,油气富集规模较大。在生烃灶供烃潜能有利的前提下,其他三项主控因素之一为不利时,仍有成藏的可能,但规模一般较小。潜山内幕的储集空间以裂缝为主,裂缝的发育程度受构造和控山断层形态的影响,背斜构造、弧形断层、多向交切断层有利于裂缝的发育,而受直线型断层控制的潜山裂缝欠发育。     

庙西凹陷严重生物降解原油序列中三环萜烷的异常分布成因初探

对渤海湾盆地一系列生物降解原油的色谱-质谱分析结果表明,庙西凹陷PL15-8D与PL9-4井四个严重生物降解原油三环萜烷系列分布较为异常,主要表现为以C₂₃为主峰的后峰型、C₂₀与C₂₃为主峰的微弱双峰型以及以C₂₀与C₂₄为主峰的双峰型分布模式。强烈的生物降解作用导致C₁₉~C₂₃三环萜烷优先于C₂₄₊三环萜烷被不同程度地侵蚀,是形成这一异常分布的根本原因。三环萜烷系列相对丰度与绝对浓度的变化规律表明,不同碳数三环萜烷的生物降解作用同时发生,但其降解速率有明显差别,即抗生物降解能力不同。三环萜烷系列化合物（除C₂₀三环萜烷以外）的抗生物降解能力具有随碳数增加而增强的趋势,而C₂₀三环萜烷抗降解能力似乎强于C₂₁~C₂₃三环萜烷。原油中未检测到脱甲基三环萜烷,表明三环萜烷的降解并非通过微生物的脱甲基化作用,推测其降解途径是微生物氧化三环萜烷C环支链末端的甲基,形成对应的羧酸化合物。四个原油样品甾烷、藿烷与三环萜烷被微生物严重侵蚀,不能用于油源对比研究,而三芳甾烷未受生物降解影响,可作为研究区严重生物降解原油油源对比的有效指标。     

渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷古潜山的构造成因类型

冀中坳陷的潜山是油气勘探的重要领域。解剖潜山的地质结构、揭示潜山的成因机制是深化油气勘探领域的认识、深入分析潜山构造演化的关键。本文在覆盖全坳陷高精度的二维、三维地震资料,数百口深探井系统解释的基础上,应用构造解析方法,深入研究了潜山的地层系统、断裂构造与构造演化特征,提出了潜山成因分类的新方案。研究表明,冀中坳陷的潜山经历了前中生代建造形成、侏罗纪晚期挤压、白垩纪-古近纪多幕伸展断陷与新近纪-第四纪沉陷埋藏的形成过程;依据潜山发育的构造位置、构造变形特点与伸展变形的强度,将潜山划分为14种基本的成因类型;受控于长期演化及内外地质营力的联合作用,潜山多具有复合成因,在平面上不同成因类型的潜山带有规律地出现,主要有掀斜断块-高凸起型、反向断阶型、同向断阶-高凸起型、横向背斜或转换凸起-反转斜坡型、高凸起型-伸展外来断块型-反转斜坡型、高凸起型-双向旋转型-高凸起型、掀斜断块-变质核杂岩型等7种组合类型。其中,反向掀斜断块型、高凸起型、断阶型、反转型斜坡、外来断块型等成因类型的潜山因源-储组合、成山与成藏时期匹配而含油气性较好。冀中坳陷的潜山油气资源丰富,上述潜山成因分类方案有助于进一步剖析潜山的油气成藏机理与油气分布规律。     

辽河盆地西部凹陷原油的生物标志物类型及其地球化学意义

原油的生物标志物组合特征可提供油气来源、成熟度、次生改造程度等多方面的重要信息,是油气成因分析和油源对比的有效工具.利用原油的生物标志物类型及其组合特征分析地球化学意义,通过生物降解作用的研究和原油生物标志物组合的判断,对稠油的来源进行成因分析,研究认为:辽河盆地不同地区各类生物标志物的组合及正构烷烃和异戊间二烯的分布特征,反映研究区发育母质输入、成熟度和生物降解程度明显不同的两种类型的原油,即富4-甲基甾烷型和富伽马蜡烷型原油,分别来源于沙三段和沙四段源岩.      

渤海湾盆地南堡油田原油特征与油源分析

南堡油田是渤海湾盆地近年发现的油气储量可观的新油田,为揭示该油田原油特征与成因,对43个原油样品、31块泥岩样品进行详细的地球化学研究与油源对比。依据特征生物标志物、单体烃碳同位素分析,将南堡油田原油分为3种类型:Ⅰ类,南堡1、2号构造带古近系+新近系原油;Ⅱ类,南堡3、4、5号构造带古近系+新近系原油;Ⅲ类,南堡凹陷已发现奥陶系潜山原油。Ⅰ类原油以较低的重排甾烷/规则甾烷,较高的甾烷/藿烷、4-甲基甾烷/C29规则甾烷、伽马蜡烷/C30藿烷值及正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素相对偏重等特征区别于Ⅱ类原油;Ⅲ类原油以较高成熟度、正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素总体偏重等特征不同于Ⅰ、Ⅱ类原油。油源对比结果表明,Ⅰ类原油为沙二+三段、东三段—沙一段烃源岩的混合贡献,Ⅱ类原油主要来源于东三段—沙一段烃源岩,Ⅲ类原油主要来源于沙二+三段烃源岩。首次明确提出南堡1、2号构造带古近系+新近系原油主要为沙二+三段烃源岩的成烃贡献,沙二+三段烃源岩为南堡油田主力烃源岩之一,这对南堡油田油气资源评价和勘探方向决策具有参考意义。     

Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Shale Oil Reservoir Spaces in the Bohai Bay Basin

The Cenozoic continental strata of the Bohai Bay Basin are rich in shale oil resources, and they contain various types of reservoir spaces that are controlled by complex factors. Using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), automatic mineral identification and characterization system(AMICS), CO2 and N2 gas adsorption, and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy(FIB-SEM), the types of shale reservoir spaces in the Bohai Bay Basin are summarized, the spatial distribution and connectivity of the various types of pores are described in detail, the microscopic pore structures are characterized, and the key geological mechanisms affecting the formation and evolution of the reservoir spaces are determined. Three conclusions can be drawn in the present study. First, the shale reservoir spaces in the Bohai Bay Basin can be divided into three broad categories, including mineral matrix pores, organic matter pores, and micro fractures. Those spaces can be subdivided into seven categories and fourteen sub-categories based on the distribution and formation mechanisms of the pores. Second, the complex pore-throat structures of the shale reservoir can be divided into two types based on the shape of the adsorption hysteresis loop. The pore structures mainly include wedge-shaped, flat slit-shaped, and ink bottle-shaped pores. The mesopores and micropores are the main contributors to pore volume and specific surface area, respectively. The macropores provide a portion of the pore volume, but they do not significantly contribute to the specific surface area. Third, the factors controlling the development of microscopic pores in the shale are complex. The sedimentary environment determines the composition and structure of the shale and provides the material basis for pore development. Diagenesis controls the types and characteristics of the pores. In addition, the thermal evolution of the organic matter is closely related to inorganic diagenesis and drives the formation and evolution of the pores.     

渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷不同区带油气成藏期差异性及主控因素

东濮凹陷是渤海湾盆地典型富油气凹陷,利用烃源岩生排烃史模拟和储层流体包裹体分析,对凹陷内不同区带、不同层系油气藏的形成时期及差异性进行了系统研究。结果表明,研究区存在两期成藏:第一期为古近纪东营组沉积后期至抬升初期,第二期为新近纪明化镇组沉积末期,其中第一期为主成藏期。不同区带、不同层系油气充注成藏时期存在明显差异:第一期成藏范围广泛,在全区均有分布,第二期成藏则主要分布于近生烃凹陷区;中浅部层系多为第一期单期成藏,深部层系多为两期成藏,第二成藏期主要分布于深部主力生烃层系中。不同区带及不同层系成藏的差异性主要受控于烃源岩主生排烃期断层活动性和高成熟烃源岩的分布。     

渤海湾盆地东营凹陷牛庄洼陷岩性油气藏平面富集主控因素

随着油气勘探程度的加深,岩性油气藏的重要性日益显现,而查明油气富集规律是岩性油气藏勘探的关键。渤海湾盆地东营凹陷牛庄洼陷沙三中亚段发育大量岩性油气藏,文章以此为研究目标,着重分析其平面上油气分布的主要控制因素。研究结果表明,牛庄洼陷岩性油气藏的分布受控于洼陷内流体性质、断层作用和沉积相展布3种地质因素。它们对洼陷区岩性油气藏富集规律的影响分别在于：洼陷内流体运聚单元控制着油气在平面上的富集区,牛庄洼陷南北两侧汇聚流发育区是油气聚集的有利地带,而洼陷北部平行流和东西两侧发散流发育区不利于油气成藏;同生断层泵吸作用使得油气在牛庄洼陷平行流和发散流发育区可形成局部汇聚流,从而聚集成藏,断层的侧向遮挡作用则使得牛庄洼陷生成的油气多富集在靠近边界断层的洼陷内侧;物性较好的浊积水道微相最有利于油气的富集,朵叶体和水道间次之,外缘最差。     

渤海湾盆地深部有利储层发育的主控因素

本文主要从沉积、成岩方面及与之相关的因素来分析渤海湾盆地深部有利储层发育的主控因素。研究认为,除了沉积作用外,低地温梯度、高沉积速率、高加热速率、高生烃强度和异常压力等因素影响了成岩作用的进程和强度,对深部储层原生孔隙的保存和次生孔隙的形成产生积极的作用,造成了中部黄骅坳陷深层相对高孔高渗储层发育层段多,物性好,而东部辽河坳陷次之,西部冀中坳陷最差。     

Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment and its Main Controlling Factors in Depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin

Significant differential hydrocarbon enrichment occurs in depressions in a petroliferous basin. There are multiple depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin, and each depression as a relatively independent unit of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation, contains significantly different hydrocarbon generation conditions and enrichment degree. On the basis of previous documents and a large number of statistical data, this work comparatively analyzed the differential hydrocarbon enrichment and its major controlling factors in depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin. The results show that depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin have various hydrocarbon enrichment degrees, and can be categorized into four types, namely enormously oil-rich, oil-rich, oily and oil-poor depressions. In general, the enormously oil-rich and oil-rich depressions are distributed in the eastern part of the basin along the Tan–Lu and Lan–Liao faults, whereas depressions in the western part of the basin are poor in hydrocarbons. Moreover, the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons is also highly heterogeneous, with Pre-Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the northern and western depressions, Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the entire basin, and Neogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the off-shore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin. From early depressions in onshore areas to the late depressions in offshore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin, the source rocks and source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages gradually become younger and shallower, and the hydrocarbon resource abundance gradually increases. Hydrocarbon supplying condition is the key factor constraining the hydrocarbon enrichment for different depressions, while the main source-reservoir-cap rock assemblage, sufficient hydrocarbons and the transportation capacity of faults control the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons. The main factors controlling hydrocarbon enrichment are different for different layers. The hydrocarbon supplying condition of source rocks is the key controlling factor, whereas the source-reservoir configuration, the main source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages, and the fault transportation are the main factors of hydrocarbon enrichment in the Paleogene, Paleogene and Neogene, respectively.     

歧口凹陷复式含油气系统及构造控藏模式

构造层序和沉降史分析表明,歧口凹陷在新生代具有显著的幕式构造-沉积演化特征,经历了古近纪裂陷期和新近纪裂后期二个构造活动期、古近纪的裂陷Ⅰ幕和Ⅱ幕、新近纪的稳定热沉降幕和加速沉降幕四幕构造运动。结合凹陷内部重要的构造转换界面、结构和构造演化特点,以及各阶段构造样式和油气成藏聚集规律,将歧口凹陷划分为四大含油气系统:孔店断陷-潜山型含油气系统(Ek)、歧口陡坡断阶型含油气系统(Es)、歧口缓坡断阶型含油气系统(Es1+Ed)、歧口坳陷型含油气系统(N)。通过构造组合样式和油气聚集关系研究,建立了凹陷内部掀斜断块-地垒潜山和凹陷边缘断阶-古隆起披覆潜山构造控藏模式。     

Distribution and Significance of Methyl Steranes in Bohai Bay Basin, East China

31 samples of shales and mudstones developed in reducing hypersaline and freshwater setting and 20 oil samples of Bamianhe oilfield, Bohai Bay basin were collected for a detailed study of petroleum system. Composition and distribution, especially significance of steroids, are discussed as a part of those. Abundant steroidal biomarkers, including C27-29 regular steranes, C28-30 4-methyl steranes, dinosteranes and aromatic steranes, were detected. Results show that the composition and distribution of the steroids in samples studied are functions of thermal maturity, organic source, paleoenvironment and lithology of potential source rocks. Alga-rich Es4 shales (brackish water) developed in the south slope of depocenter (Niuzhuang sag) were found particularly rich in steroidal biomarkers including C30 4-methyl steranes and dinosteranes. Es3 mudstones (fresh water) were found devoid of dinosteranes. Distribution patterns of regular steranes are completely different from methyl steranes indicating different origins of the specific compounds of the fraction. Diagnostic distribution of steranes in rock extracts of diverse intervals makes the compounds to be essential indictors of source-rock tracing. Methyl steranes prove to be much more useful in oil-source rock correlation than regular steranes. Results also show that alga-rich Es4 shales located in the south slope are not likely the primary source rock responsible for the oils discovered based on the composition and distribution of steroids.     

渤海湾盆地石炭二叠系盖层及其沉积控制

在对渤海盆地石炭一二叠系盖层泥岩特征观察的基础上，通过对粘土矿物含量的相对定量分析及孔隙度、渗透率的统计分析，结合沉积控制，评价了该区盖层泥岩的封闭能力：结果表明，渤海湾盆地上、下石盒子组盖层泥岩分布范围广，保存完整，湖泊相和泛滥平原相泥岩具有较好的封闭性，可作为区域盖层，下石盆子组盖层泥岩的孔隙度和渗透率又明显低于上石盆子组，封盖性更好；太原组和山两组的泻湖相和三角洲平原相发育的泥岩也作为局部盖层。泥岩的异常压力封闭是该区盖层研究的重点。