CHAMP观测资料的振幅反演初步结果

在几何光学和薄相位屏的假设下，给出GPS／LEO无线电掩星反演地球大气技术中振幅反演的计算方法．从产生接收信号振幅变化的机制出发，提出产生信号振幅变化的几何衰减和物理衰减两个不同的源．利用CHAMP卫星观测资料的个例，用观测信噪比序列进行了大气弯曲角、大气折射率、压力、温度剖面的反演；并与相位反演结果进行比较和讨论．     

GNSS空间信号质量评估系统接收通道性能测试

GNSS空间信号质量评估系统的接收通道是评估导航信号质量的主要误差源之一。通过分析接收通道特性引起的信号幅度误差、相位失真、频率偏移等现象,研究了接收通道增益平坦度、幅度误差、相位误差、频率偏移、矢量误差幅度、群时延等机理,提出了相应的测试方法,测试结果表明接收通道性能能够满足空间信号质量评估的要求。     

BPL工作钟信号T(PU)的监控方法研究

中国科学院国家授时中心(NTSC)BPL长波授时台升级改造项目要求实现BPL系统的工作钟信号T(PU)的自动监控.T(PU)的控制指标为T(PU)与NTSC时频基准实验室的主钟信号UTC(NTSC)之间的相位时间差的绝对值| UTC(NTSC)-T(PU)|小于50 ns;T(PU)的频偏绝对值优于5×10-13.为达到上述指标,并尽可能提高T(PU)的准确度,研究了在采用不同类型的原子钟作为工作钟频率源时所需采用的T(PU)的监控方法.结论是对日稳较好的频率源,用对工作钟频率源的频偏进行准实时预报得到的值和实测得到的相位时间差UTC(NTSC)-T(PU)来计算应该加到相位微调仪上的频率补偿值,从而进行工作钟的频率驾驭,可以大大提高工作钟信号T(PU)的准确度;而对不太稳定的频率源,频偏准实时预报准确度很差,采用几个月时间段内的平均频偏以及实时实测的相位时间差来进行频率驾驭,以便确保T(PU)的准确度.     

一种铷原子钟双钟热备相位无扰切换系统的设计

为了满足时间统一系统中主钟与备份钟的时间、频率信号在切换时的连续性要求,提出并实现了一种铷原子钟双钟热备相位无扰切换系统的技术方案,阐述了双钟间频率与相位同步和信号无扰切换的方案原理,给出了系统组成与主要控制程序的框图及测试结果。采用本方案可使主钟与备份钟输出信号的时差小于±0．55ns,并实现了信号的无扰切换,满足了工程应用的要求。     

异源信标对同波束VLBI差分时延实时解算的影响

日本SELENE的两个小卫星Rstar和Vstar都搭载两个晶振作为VLBI多频点信标源的基准,其中一个晶振产生信号f1,另一个晶振产生信号f2和f3。通过分析Rstar和Vstar的同波束VLBI观测数据,发现利用来自异源的两对频点信号(f1,f3)的相关相位解算差分时延时,由差分频率与仪器时延差相乘所引起的相位误差较大,从而导致差分群时延的精度不高以及差分相时延的实时解算成功率不高。利用来自同源的两对频点信号(f2,f3)的相关相位来求解差分时延,与利用异源信标相比,上述误差值为原来的1/64,使得差分群时延精度提高,差分相时延实时解算成功率也大幅提高。分析结果表明,若把台站间的仪器时延差(包括钟差)修正至1μs时,将有望进一步提高差分相时延的解算成功率。基于上述分析结果给出了适宜于同波束VLBI观测的同源信标源设计方案。     

2009年7月22日日食期间VLF信号相位和场强的观测和分析

2009年7月22日日食期间,分别在重庆、桂林和青岛利用阿尔法场强与相位监测仪观测了来自俄罗斯阿尔法导航系统位于Novosibirsk、Krasnodar和Khabarovsk的3个发射台3个频率的甚低频信号,并对实验数据进行了分析。通过建立日食期间的电离层模型,结合实际传播路径地面电磁参数,推测全食区低电离层的等效高度;给出经不同路径传播的VLF(甚低频)信号相位突变与日食发生时刻的关系及原因;分析了日食期间经不同路径传播的VLF信号的场强起伏变化,发现场强变化滞后于相位变化这一现象。     

光纤时间传输及相位补偿

介绍了国外几种利用光纤进行时间频率传递的方法和经验.对无补偿光纤时间频率传递方法、双向时间频率传递方法、光学机械温度补偿方法及电子共轭相位补偿方法作了较详细的描述.光纤时延主要随温度而变化,在200 km以内,时延的日变化为几纳秒,月变化为十几纳秒.在50 km内利用光纤传输100 MHz频率信号时,在不补偿情况下频率稳定度为: 3×10-14/s,1×10-15/d;光学补偿后的频率稳定度可达到1.5×10-14/s,1×10-17/d.电子共轭相位补偿后,温度变化20℃引起的相位变化降低了45倍.光纤传输对短期频率稳定度影响较小,对日及更长期的频率稳定度影响较大.     

光纤时间频率传输数字相位补偿方法

为提高光纤时间频率传输的精度,提出了数字移相补偿方法。该方法采用单片机量化发送端和接收端射频信号的相位差,然后再控制数字移相器调整发送端射频信号相位,使二者相位趋于一致,实现传输光纤引起相位变化的前置补偿,从而提高时间频率传输精度。实验表明,该系统可将发射端信号和接收端信号的相位差减少到5似内。     

VLBI观测信号相关处理中的小波保角变换

Daubechies小波可以表征为幂函数或e指数函数的形式，保持相关相位条纹的幅角不变。在VLBI观测信号相关处理过程中引入了小波分析方法，以探讨小波理论在VLBI技术中的应用特点。两个台站的VLBI观测信号经过时间补偿和干涉条纹旋转后，利用静态小波算法在线性空间中的保角变换特征可提取VLBI信号的干涉相位特征，并完整保留相位的时序关系。     

用于VLBI测轨的PN-DOR信标研究

探测器DOR信号与射电源信号频谱特征不同引起的接收设备相位波动误差是月球和深空探测VLBI测轨的重要误差源之一。新型PN-DOR信标通过使用伪随机序列对现有DOR信标扩频调制生成,实现与射电源信号相似的频谱特征,可有效降低相位波动误差。研究PN-DOR信标在VLBI测轨应用中相位误差与带宽综合群时延误差计算方法,在此基础上通过比较相同发射功率条件下PN-DOR与DOR信标总时延误差,分析PN-DOR的适用条件。     

Spectral Observations of BIG Objects. III

Results of spectral observations of 66 objects from the BIG (Byurakan IRAS Galaxies) sample made with the 1.93 m telescope at the Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP, France) are presented. Emission lines are observed from 64 of the galaxies. The red shifts are determined, the radial velocities, distances, and absolute stellar magnitudes are calculated, the spectrum line parameters are determined, diagnostic diagrams are constructed, the objects are classified according to activity type, and their IR and far-IR luminosities are calculated. Of the 66 objects (corresponding to 61 IRAS sources), 6 are Sy2, 2 are LINERs, 8 are AGN (Sy2 or LINER), 10 are composite, 34 are HII, and 4 are Em of undetermined type. It is calculated that IRAS 07479+7832= BIG d141a is a ultraluminous IR galaxy (ULIG), and 21 are LIG. Spectra of several of the galaxies being studied are presented.     

Variable stars in the globular cluster NGC 6362

We report the results of a CCD search for short-period variables in the field of a southern globular cluster NGC 6362. We identified 19 new candidate variables, five of which are cluster RR Lyraes, four are probable SX Phe-type stars and eight are eclipsing binaries. Of the discovered binaries, three are EA-type systems, two of which are located on the cluster CMD in the turn-off region and the third 1 mag above the turn-off point, in the yellow straggler region. Five other systems are of W UMa type, three of which are foreground objects and two are likely cluster members. The remaining two candidates exhibit a modulation of the brightness level with an amplitude of 0.1–0.2 mag; further observations are needed to reveal the nature of their variability. Phased VI light curves for 20 variables (18 RR Lyrae stars and two blue stragglers) located in the central region of the cluster are presented.     

多频带-正交频分复用超宽带系统的研究与仿真

简要阐述了多频带-正交频分复用(MB-OFDM)超宽带系统的基本原理及信号格式,具体分析了相应的发射机与接收机的基本组成与工作原理。在此基础上,利用SystemView仿真平台对发射机、接收机以及信道进行了仿真设计,并互连成一个MB-OFDM超宽带系统。最后,分别给出了功率谱密度、子频带切换以及发射端与接收端信号比较结果,通过对仿真结果的分析证明了整个系统的正确性与可靠性。     

恒星临边昏暗系数的测定

介绍一种新的一级挖和二级近似描述恒星大气临边昏境现象方法,其临边昏境系数可通过有关物理量的直接测量或测量流量和辅助量恒星表面温度的方法间接给出。与太阳观测比较和数值模型大气方法比较,均显示新方法能够以很精确的方式描述恒星临边昏境关系,或确定其相应系数 方法对太阳观测的１７６个数据比较了统计方差,其中直接法的一级挖和二级挖分别为０．３８％和０．２６％;间接法的方差与此相近而略大;与数值模型大气比较其     

Automated Prediction of CMEs Using Machine Learning of CME – Flare Associations

Machine-learning algorithms are applied to explore the relation between significant flares and their associated CMEs. The NGDC flares catalogue and the SOHO/LASCO CME catalogue are processed to associate X and M-class flares with CMEs based on timing information. Automated systems are created to process and associate years of flare and CME data, which are later arranged in numerical-training vectors and fed to machine-learning algorithms to extract the embedded knowledge and provide learning rules that can be used for the automated prediction of CMEs. Properties representing the intensity, flare duration, and duration of decline and duration of growth are extracted from all the associated (A) and not-associated (NA) flares and converted to a numerical format that is suitable for machine-learning use. The machine-learning algorithms Cascade Correlation Neural Networks (CCNN) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) are used and compared in our work. The machine-learning systems predict, from the input of a flare’s properties, if the flare is likely to initiate a CME. Intensive experiments using Jack-knife techniques are carried out and the relationships between flare properties and CMEs are investigated using the results. The predictive performance of SVM and CCNN is analysed and recommendations for enhancing the performance are provided.     

Spectral study of BIG objects on the 2.6-m telescope at the Byurakan astrophysical observatory

Results of spectral observations of 45 objects from the BIG sample (corresponding to 35 IRAS sources) obtained on the 2.6-m telescope at the BAO are reported. Emission lines are observed for 42 galaxies, 1 object is an absorption galaxy, and 2 turned out to be stars. The red shifts are determined, the radial velocities, distances, sizes, and absolute stellar magnitudes are calculated, the parameters of the spectral lines are determined, the objects are classified according to their activity type, and the IR and far IR luminosities are calculated. Of the 42 emission galaxies, 1 was type Sy2, 2 were LINERs, 1 was an AGN (Sy2 or LINER), 4 were composite, 25 were HII (including 6 with nuclear star-formation activity), and 9 were Em of undetermined type (3 of which may be AGN). Calculations show that 23 of the objects are LIG. A physical coupling is discovered for 9 multiple systems. Spectra of some of the galaxies are shown. __________ Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 23–40 (February 2006).     

Flows in clumpy planetary nebulae

The dynamics of clumps observed in planetary nebulae are considered. The possibility that SiO maser spots in evolved stars and the planetary nebula clumps are formed by the Parker instability behind shocks in pulsating stars' atmospheres is raised. Molecular observations of the clumps are suggested. The effects of the ablation of clumps on the global flow structure of a more tenuous plasma in which they are embedded are reviewed.     

大质量恒星形成:外向流和绿色延展天体

恒星作为宇宙的基础组成元素,其形成过程一直是天文学中的重要研究对象。人们已基本了解中小质量恒星(质量小于8M⊙)的形成和演化过程;受到数量少、嵌埋深、演化快和反馈剧烈等因素的影响,大质量恒星(质量大于8M⊙)的形成过程依然谜团重重。介绍了小质量恒星形成的基本理论,以及吸积盘、竞争吸积、并合三种主流的大质量恒星形成模型;回顾了以往使用红外或射电望远镜对大质量恒星形成区的观测和分析,以及现阶段使用多波段巡天观测手段对大质量恒星形成区的研究成果;着重介绍了目前公认的大质量恒星形成的示踪物——分子外向流的理论和观测现状,以及大质量外向流的优秀候选体——绿色延展天体的发现、理论及观测研究情况。最后,对大质量恒星形成的理论和观测研究进行了总结和展望。     

CCD漂移扫描的基本原理及在天文上的应用

简要回顾了CCD在天文观测上的发展历程，介绍了CCD漂移扫描观测模式的基本原理；分析了该技术的优点和不足；综述CCD漂移扫描技术的应用现状；最后简述国内在CCD漂移扫描技术上的应用研究现状及对该技术的展望。     

Dense star clusters as the sources of gamma-ray-burst progenitors

Two independent sets of arguments lead us to conclude that the progenitors of superintense bursts (with an energy yield larger than that for ordinary supernovae by one or two orders of magnitude) are born in massive dense star clusters, but generally flare up only after they have left the cluster; these are the same objects that are the progenitors of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Each of the giant stellar arcs which are grouped into multiple systems of stellar complexes in the LMC and NGC 6946 could only be produced by a single powerful energy release near its center. The progenitors of these systems of arc-shaped stellar complexes must have had a common source nearby, and it could only be a massive star cluster. Such clusters are actually known near both systems. On the other hand, calculations of the dynamical evolution of star clusters show that close binary systems of compact objects are formed in the dense central parts of the clusters and are then ejected from them during triple encounters. Mergers of the components of such systems are believed to be responsible for GRBs. Since their progenitors are ejected from the cluster before merging, the arc-shaped stellar complexes produced by GRBs are observed near (but not around) the parent clusters. If a considerable fraction of the GRB progenitors are formed as a result star encounters in massive star clusters, and if the GRBs themselves trigger star formation near the parent clusters, then observations of GRBs in star-forming regions are consistent with their origin during mergers of pairs of compact objects.