Correction to: Projection of Iron Ore Production

Natural Resources Research - The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in Equation 3.     

东昆仑迪木那里克铁矿地质特征与找矿标志

迪木那里克铁矿位于阿尔金大断裂南侧,矿体主要赋存于中-上奥陶统祁曼塔格群浅变质的碎屑岩-火山碎屑岩中.矿体多呈似层状、条带状产出,部分矿体塑性变形较强,矿体与地层产状基本一致,层控作用比较明显;矿石主要为条带状石英-磁铁矿和块状磁铁矿矿石;矿石品位较低（TFe=20%～40%）;围岩蚀变特征明显.该铁矿属沉积变质型铁矿...     

东昆仑迪木那里克铁矿地质特征与找矿标志

迪木那里克铁矿位于阿尔金大断裂南侧,矿体主要赋存于中-上奥陶统祁曼塔格群浅变质的碎屑岩-火山碎屑岩中.矿体多呈似层状、条带状产出,部分矿体塑性变形较强,矿体与地层产状基本一致,层控作用比较明显;矿石主要为条带状石英-磁铁矿和块状磁铁矿矿石;矿石品位较低(TFe=20%～40%);围岩蚀变特征明显.该铁矿属沉积变质型铁矿.综合研究发现,可利用矿区地层、构造、岩石蚀变情况、航磁异常等作为矿区和区域找矿标志.     

Geometallurgical Domaining by Cluster Analysis: Iron Ore Deposit Case Study

Natural Resources Research - Geometallurgy integrates many aspects of geology, mineralogy, resource modeling, mine planning, metallurgy, and process control to optimize mining operations....     

砂铁矿土壤种子库组成及出苗规律研究（英文）

砂铁矿的开采对周边荒漠草地产生较大影响,土壤种子库极度破坏,曾经的荒漠草场利用率和生产力几乎为零,严重影响了当地畜牧业发展和生态环境安全。人工补充土壤种子库对生态修复后荒漠草地物种组成影响十分重要。本研究以平整后的砂铁矿为研究对象,采用室内发芽盘方法,对比分析了砂铁矿土壤种子库人工补充前后出苗规律及物种组成以及种子埋深对出苗率的影响,结论认为：(1)青河县砂铁矿区原始土壤种子库仅包含4种植物,均为一年生藜科植物,优势种为刺沙蓬和虫实,且土壤种子库密度非常小;(2)研究区土壤种子库出苗与水分关系密切,增加水分,一年生植被出现“爆发式”出苗现象;(3)种子埋深影响多年生植被出苗率,0-5cm是出苗的最佳埋深。播深合适的情况下,人工补充土壤种子库在7天就可以完成出苗,这些结论均为修复时选择物种及大面积推广提供依据和奠定基础。     

Categorization of Mineral Resources Based on Different Geostatistical Simulation Algorithms: A Case Study from an Iron Ore Deposit

Mineral resource classification plays an important role in the downstream activities of a mining project. Spatial modeling of the grade variability in a deposit directly impacts the evaluation of recovery functions, such as the tonnage, metal quantity and mean grade above cutoffs. The use of geostatistical simulations for this purpose is becoming popular among practitioners because they produce statistical parameters of the sample dataset in cases of global distribution (e.g., histograms) and local distribution (e.g., variograms). Conditional simulations can also be assessed to quantify the uncertainty within the blocks. In this sense, mineral resource classification based on obtained realizations leads to the likely computation of reliable recovery functions, showing the worst and best scenarios. However, applying the proper geostatistical (co)-simulation algorithms is critical in the case of modeling variables with strong cross-correlation structures. In this context, enhanced approaches such as projection pursuit multivariate transforms (PPMTs) are highly desirable. In this paper, the mineral resources in an iron ore deposit are computed and categorized employing the PPMT method, and then, the outputs are compared with conventional (co)-simulation methods for the reproduction of statistical parameters and for the calculation of tonnage at different levels of cutoff grades. The results show that the PPMT outperforms conventional (co)-simulation approaches not only in terms of local and global cross-correlation reproductions between two underlying grades (Fe and Al₂O₃) in this iron deposit but also in terms of mineral resource categories according to the Joint Ore Reserves Committee standard.

     

An Objective Approach to the Definition of Some Mining Terms: Application to the Hasançelebi Iron Ore Deposit

In the mining industry, definitions of terms such as geologic resource, geologic reserve, mineral resource, mineral, mineral reserve, ore, ore reserve, mineable reserve, and industrial minerals always have been debated, and have caused much confusion. The process of arriving at these definitions requires complicated exploration, calculation, and evaluation. Based on such work, the definitions about the mineral property will be distinctly different. The aims of this paper is to discuss and compare these definitions, and then contrast the differences among them in the example of the Hasançelebi iron are deposit, which is an important source of iron ore in Turkey.     

Multiple Regression-Based Calculation of Iron Ore Resource Royalty Rate and Analytical Study of Its Influencing Factors: Example from Anhui Province of China

Mineral resource royalty is the economic manifestation of mineral resource ownership benefits. In the context of globalized mineral resource allocation, it is inevitable to research the royalty evaluation in order to improve the marketized allocation efficiency of mineral resources. Current studies mostly include theoretical discussions on connotations of royalty and discussions on royalty levy criteria from the macroeconomic perspective. Studies of royalty calculation and application from the microeconomic perspective are not very common. Based on defining the connotations of equity value, a theoretical royalty calculation formula is suggested first in this paper and then a royalty evaluation model is constructed from the perspective of mineral resource endowment conditions with the methods of multiple regression-based analysis and dummy variables. The feasibility and scientific justification of the evaluation model were verified through empirical analysis of iron mines in Anhui Province of China. Compared to previous studies, this paper better interprets the linear relationship between mineral resource endowment conditions and royalty through simulation analysis of their corresponding relation, making up for the inadequacy of macroeconomic royalty studies. Empirical results indicate the following. (1) Endowment conditions of mineral resources are the key influencing factors of royalty rate, and five of these factors (average geological grade, average mining depth, average ore body thickness, hydrogeological condition and beneficial and harmful elements) are important indices in royalty evaluation. (2) Royalty increases with the price rise in the market of mineral products, but the royalty rate will infinitely approach a constant (60.1%). Based on endowment conditions of mineral resources, the royalty evaluation model constructed in this paper can accurately and objectively evaluate mineral resource royalty in different endowment conditions and provide a convenient and practical evaluation method for establishing royalty levy criteria.     

Machine-Learning-Aided Determination of Post-blast Ore Boundary for Controlling Ore Loss and Dilution

Natural Resources Research - In the process of open-pit bench blasting for many mines, rock fragments move in the direction of loose space after fragmentation under explosive energy, leading to ore...     

Estimating Ore Production in Open-pit Mines Using Various Machine Learning Algorithms Based on a Truck-Haulage System and Support of Internet of Things

Natural Resources Research - This study aimed to develop and assess the feasibility of different machine learning algorithms for predicting ore production in open-pit mines based on a truck-haulage...     

Ore value-tonnage diagrams for resource assessment

An ore value-tonnage diagram has been proposed for assessing mineral resources. Diagrams of W+Mo, and Pb+Zn deposits show a good linearity between ore value and logarithms of cumulative ore tonnage. Diagrams of the massive sulfide, orthomagmatic, placer, porphyry, replacement, and stratabound types are also linear. It is assumed, therefore, that deposits of each of these commodities and these types belong to a single population. In contrast, the ore value-tonnage relations of all the deposits analyzed here is approximated by the combination of two exponential functions. The same feature is seen for deposits of the Cu+W+Mo, Cu+Pb+Zn, and Au+Ag commodities, and of the vein and unconformity-related types. This suggests that deposits belonging to each of such categories are divided into the high and low value groups. We can expect, accordingly, to find high value deposits of such categories.     

Accuracy of the coefficient expansion of the Transverse Mercator Projection

Problems of precision and accuracy in geographical information systems have often been undervalued. However, these are important issues when trying to avoid inaccurate computations that could distort the final result. A method is described for the Transverse Mercator Projection of the ellipsoid to calculate the necessary number of terms of their series development so that desired accuracy can be achieved. The first part describes one algorithm used to obtain the full development of the formulas by means of a symbolic calculus program. The second part studies the influence of each term in the final result in order to know which terms can be neglected while achieving the desired precision. Finally, the results are applied to a rectangle of 30° width and latitude varying from 30° to 50°.     

中国产业结构优化路径与碳排放趋势预测

中国已进入产业结构深度调整时期,同时产业升级也是减排的主要途径之一.为此,本文通过构建分部门跨期优化模型,以需求驱动和产业部门供给为基础,假设中国的消费偏好模式不断向发达国家(如美国、欧盟和日本)趋近,对消费偏好导向下的产业结构优化方向及碳排放趋势进行了模拟研究.结果显示,中国的农业和衣食制造部门比重将呈下降趋势,其他服务业部门比重会不断提高.在中国当前消费偏好模式下,重工业、交通运输、化工和金属等高耗能部门的比重仍将增加,而转向美国消费偏好模式后,这些部门的比重都将下降.交通运输和化工部门比重在转向欧盟消费偏好模式后略有提高,转向日本偏好模式后交通运输部门比重将提高,而金属部门比重将下降.受产业结构调整和能源效率提高的影响,中国未来能源消费总量呈倒U型趋势:在中国、欧盟、日本和美国消费偏好模式驱动下,能源消费总量依次下降,对应的能源高峰在2810～2166 Mtoe之间,累积排放量在94～72.6GtC之间.美国的消费偏好模式由于倾向于低碳的服务业部门,因此更有利于节能减排.     

基于投影体积与八叉树的三维网格模型体素化方法

使用八叉树结构生成三维多边形网格模型的体素表示,提出了基于投影体积判断体素是否位于模型内部、再利用6-邻接关系快速准确获得模型内部体素的方法,避免了Flooding方法在处理内部封闭空腔时产生的错误.实例测试表明,该文提出的体素化方法能正确处理内部含有空腔的模型,并且效率较高,在三维GIS、地学建模和CAD等体图形学相关的领域具有一定的应用价值.