永修-南昌剪切带物质成分变异及体积变化研究

永修—南昌剪切带中糜棱岩物质成分变异及体积变化分析结果表明,以Al2O3守恒为限制条件,该剪切带损失了9%的质量和体积,糜棱岩类Fe2O3明显带入,SiO2、K2O、MgO、P2O5、FeO、Na2O等组分明显带出。研究结果显示糜棱岩组分的得失和体积的变化主要发生在初糜棱岩化阶段。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定多种铁矿和硅酸盐中主次量组分

采用熔融玻璃法,用Axios型X射线荧光光谱仪测定铁矿和硅酸盐中Fe2O3、SiO2、A l2O3、TiO2、CaO、MgO、SO3、MnO、V2O5、K2O、P2O5、Na2O、Co和N i等组分含量。使用理论α系数和经验系数法校正基体效应,经标准物质检验,分析结果与标准值基本吻合。用钒钛磁铁矿GBW 07225国家一级标准物质进行精密度试验,统计结果除K2O、P2O5、N i的RSD<15%,其余大多数组分的RSD<4.0%(n=12)。     

扬子地台西缘下寒武统黑色页岩土壤元素地球化学特征北大核心CSCD

本文分析扬子地台西缘黑色页岩土壤(BSS)及其成土新鲜黑色页岩(FB)的主、微量元素的地球化学特征,探讨黑色页岩土壤成土地球化学作用机制。结果表明,黑色页岩土壤明显亏损MgO、CaO、Na2O、P2O5和LOI(有机质),而富集Al2O3和Fe2O3等主量组分;且明显亏损Ba、V、Ni、Cu、Zn和Sr等微量元素,但其他微量元素则不然。与成土母岩相比,黑色页岩土壤的化学组成相对均一。主量组分对黑色页岩与黑色页岩土壤之间化学组成有不同的影响,这种影响与CaO、Na2O和MgO等碱质组分、LOI所代表的有机质等的淋滤释出,及Fe2O3和Al2O3等氧化物的次生富集有关,其影响程度顺序为:CaO>Na2O>LOI>MgO>Al2O3>Fe2O3>MnO>K2O>SiO2>P2O5。推断黑色页岩风化-成土过程中有机质、黄铁矿、方解石、钠长石、斜绿泥石等不稳定矿物的化学蚀变分解和长石等硅酸盐矿物的水解导致CaO、LOI、Na2O、MgO、K2O和SiO2等主量组分,以及V、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ge、Ba、Sr等微量元素的淋滤释出;而黏土矿物、铁-锰氧化物等次生矿物的次生富集,导致Fe2O3、MnO和Al2O3等主量组分,以及Pb、Cs、Co、Th、Sc、Ga、Rb、REE等微量元素在土壤中形成次生富集。故而黑色页岩可为环境重金属污染源,而黑色页岩土壤本身也可存在重金属污染。     

熔片制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定海洋沉积物样品中主次量组分

采用混合熔剂熔融制备样片,用Axios X射线荧光光谱仪测定海洋沉积物样品中SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、CaO、Na2O、K2O、P2O5、TiO2、MnO、BaO、Ni、Cu、V、Cr和Zn等16种组分,用理论α系数校正基体效应,分析方法的精密度(RSD,n=12)为Cu和Cr小于6%,其余大多数主次量组分小于2%。方法用海洋沉积物国家一级标准物质验证,测定值与标准值相符。     

黄河下游山东段沿岸土壤中重金属元素异常的成因

山东省多目标区域地球化学调查发现,沿黄河两岸分布有As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni等重金属元素异常,这类异常衬度不大,并多沿河呈不连续分布。研究结果表明,异常区土壤重金属元素的含量与SiO2、Al2O3Fe2O3等常量组分间具有显著的相关性,多数微量重金属元素随SiO2含量的增加而降低,随Al2O3Fe2O3含量的增加而增加。根据常量组分与土壤质地的密切关系可以推断。土壤质地对重金属元素异常的形成具明显的控制作用。     

磁性纳米复合氧化物固体酸催化剂的制备及酯化性能

固体酸催化剂的无腐蚀、环境友好和可循环使用等特点使其成为无机液体酸的最佳替代物.磁性纳米固体酸具有优于常规固体酸催化剂的催化活性及分离简单的特性.用共沉淀法分别合成了一系列三组分TiO2-Al2O3-Fe3O4(TAF)和CeO2-Al2O3-Fe3O4(CAF)及四组分ZrO2--Al2O3-Fe3O4(ZACF)磁性纳米复合氧化物固体酸催化剂,通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱、比表面积测定、X射线衍射、透射电镜、热重分析和红外光谱等对其进行了表征,并利用酯化反应作为探针反应评价了其催化性能.结果表明,合成的磁性纳米固体酸催化剂在酯化反应中表现出很好的催化活性.     

青藏高原北羌塘盆地多彩地区蛇绿岩地球化学特征及构造环境

多彩蛇绿岩是通天河蛇绿混杂岩的组成部分,区域上隶属西金乌兰—金沙江缝合带北延部分。多彩蛇绿岩各岩石组分呈构造岩块、岩片产出,出露零星,面积小,但岩石组分较齐全,主要由异剥橄榄岩、单斜辉石岩、辉长岩、玄武岩、辉绿岩及硅质岩等组成,缺乏地幔橄榄岩,蛇绿岩组分均与围岩呈构造接触关系。异剥橄榄岩以富MgO、贫TiO2、贫P2O5为特征,Eu不显异常或显弱负异常,是具有SSZ型蛇绿岩的重要岩石组分;辉长岩具高TiO2、Al2O3;玄武岩与辉绿岩具相似的特性,玄武岩Th/Ta平均为1.78,Ta/Hf0.15,而Ta/Hf=0.15～0.2,与大洋板内玄武岩相似;硅质岩Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3)比值为0.9,(La/Ce)N值为1.81,可能具有陆源海特性。由上述特征并结合蛇绿岩形成时代及构造环境判别图解,推测多彩蛇绿岩形成于俯冲带构造环境。     

岷江上游新磨村湖相沉积物粒度端元反演及其记录的构造和气候事件

应用沉积物粒度端元分析模型对岷江上游新磨村湖相沉积高分辨率粒度数据序列进行了反演,分离出2个端元。根据端元的频率分布曲线和沉积学分析,并结合岷江上游的地质构造背景,分析了各端元与研究区物源和古地震活动的对应关系。EM1为震间期的湖泊沉积,代表风力近源搬运的极细颗粒组分;EM2为极端灾变(地震等)期间的湖泊沉积,代表风力为主和部分水力近距离搬运的细颗粒组分。对新磨村剖面分离出的EM2百分含量与中值粒径、20~63μm、63~200μm粒径组分、磁化率值及地球化学比值(SiO2/Al2O3、TiO2/Al2O3、CaO/Al2O3、Sr/Al2O3、Rb/Sr,Na2O/Al2O3)进行对比分析,各指标的突变明显受粒度变化控制,指示可能的地震事件,进而识别出26次地震事件。为确定地震事件所代表的地震震级,基于震级与累积砂层厚度关系进行估算,共获得16次5~6级,5次6~7级,5次>7级地震。因此,采用粒度端元模拟不仅可以分离出不同的粒径组分和各组分百分含量,有效识别出不同动力组分和沉积动力环境,还可以较好地厘定出沉积记录的构造事件(地震等)等,更好地理解构造活动在地质、地貌演化中的作用。     

雷州半岛表土常量组分地球化学特征

对采自雷州半岛48个表层土壤样品进行了常量组分地球化学特征分析,通过常量组分含量分布特征、富集与淋失系数、相关性分析等研究发现:表土中SiO_2、Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3含量较高,占常量组分总量的88.13%;同时, Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、TiO_2富集,明显高于全国土壤元素均值,且Fe_2O_3显著高于UCC均值,具明显的富铁化,而K_2O、CaO、Na_2O、MgO显著低于全国和UCC平均值;受母岩影响,研究区SiO_2含量异常低值集中分布区域与基性火山岩出露区高度耦合,异常高值分布区则主要位于海成阶地、海积平原和花岗岩、砂页岩出露区;SiO_2与Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、TiO_2呈强烈负相关关系,Al_2O_3与Fe_2O_3、K_2O、CaO、MgO、TiO_2分布特征具有相似性,呈现良好的正相关关系。     

几内亚共和国博凯558铝土矿区赋矿岩石特征

几内亚共和国博凯558铝土矿为一处超大型风化残积三水铝石型铝土矿床。赋矿岩系的矿物组分呈上部富集三水铝石、赤铁矿;下部富集石英、白（水）云母、高岭石等。赋矿岩系的化学组分呈上部富集Al2O3、Fe2O3等,下部富集SiO2等。矿体赋存于赋矿岩系的上部铁矾土、铁红土内。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861