北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷油气成藏条件分析

涠西南凹陷位于北部湾盆地西南部,发育有多个油气田(含油气构造)。以油气地质理论为指导,在构造和沉积地层特征研究的基础上,重点分析了烃源岩、储集层、圈闭及输导介质等油气成藏的基本要素,认为涠西南凹陷拥有较好的烃源岩、发育多套储集层、多种类型圈闭和复合的输导介质,具备油气藏形成的基本条件,具有广阔的油气勘探前景。     

北部湾盆地迈陈凹陷油气成藏条件分析

迈陈凹陷位于北部湾盆地东北部,勘探程度低,对油气成藏条件缺乏系统和深入的认识。以油气地质理论为指导,在构造和沉积地层特征研究的基础上,重点分析了烃源岩、储集层、圈闭及输导介质等油气成藏的基本要素,认为迈陈凹陷拥有较好的烃源岩,发育多套储集层、多种类型圈闭和复合的输导介质,具备油气藏形成的基本条件,具有广阔的油气勘探前景。     

东海西湖凹陷油气地质条件及其勘探潜力

以现代油气地质理论为指导,系统分析了东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷的烃源岩、储集岩、盖层及圈闭等油气系统形成的基本要素,并探讨了油气勘探潜力和方向.研究表明,西湖凹陷具备大、中型油气田形成的基本油气地质条件,具有巨大的油气勘探潜力,勘探前景广阔,存在多个有利的油气勘探领域.     

东海西湖凹陷中央背斜带花港组成藏条件及主控因素分析——以H3气藏为例

近年来,西湖凹陷中央背斜带渐新统花港组油气勘探取得重要突破,发现多个大中型含油气构造,在不同的含油气构造中,气藏的气柱高度及圈闭充满度差别大,说明不同的含油气构造具有不同的成藏主控因素。基于三维地震及多口钻井资料,从烃源岩、圈闭条件、储盖组合配置关系等方面,以H3气藏为例,通过对典型气藏的解剖,对H3气藏的成藏条件进行研究,分析了不同构造气藏的成藏主控因素。结果表明,中央背斜带油气主要来自于始新统煤系烃源岩,渐新统花港组具备良好的圈闭条件及储盖组合配置关系,油气成藏主控因素为有效的输导体系,而良好的后期保存条件则是控制油气富集程度(油气充满度)的重要因素。     

南海北部湾盆地乌石凹陷成藏主控因素与成藏模式

乌石凹陷发育优质烃源岩,具备优越的烃源条件,为油气的富集成藏提供了重要的前提。通过对乌石凹陷成藏主控因素深入分析,提出乌石凹陷不同构造单元的两种成藏模式。自古近纪以来,一方面乌石凹陷沉积多套不同类型的砂岩储集体,与上覆泥岩形成良好的储盖组合;另一方面,凹陷内主干断裂的发育演化不但控制了前期烃源岩的差异性沉积,同时还控制了后期已生成油气的运聚格局。在这一背景下,断裂活动与砂岩的沉积充填形成复杂的油气输导体系,加之长期差异性的油气生成控制了油气的空间分布,形成了乌石凹陷东区源内横向运移-垂向有限调节与乌石凹陷中区近源垂向运移-横向有限调节两种不同的油气成藏模式。乌石凹陷这一成藏特征的发现对后期勘探部署具有指导意义。     

非洲东、西陆缘油气成藏特征及主控因素对比——以鲁伍马盆地和尼日尔三角洲盆地为例

非洲陆缘的油气资源潜力越来越受到人们的广泛关注,并逐渐成为世界主要的油气产区和投资热点之一。但目前为止,油气产出主要集中于非洲西部陆缘,非洲东部陆缘至今还没有显著的石油发现。以非洲东、西陆缘构造演化为基础,通过对比鲁伍马盆地和尼日尔三角洲盆地烃源岩、储集层、盖层、油气系统及构造圈闭等油气成藏条件,对两者油气资源差异的主控因素进行分析。由于非洲大陆东、西两侧分别与不同的板块相邻,非洲东、西陆缘的形成时间和构造演化不尽相同,导致二者油气资源分布存在较大差异。非洲西部陆缘油气成藏条件优越,优质烃源岩发育,盖层条件较好,油气成藏富集。非洲东部陆缘油气成藏条件较西非差,烃源岩品质不好,火山活动多发,其周围圈闭破坏严重。但可以从西非陆缘成功的勘探经验中得到启发:高品质的烃源岩、可以形成局部盖层和盐构造圈闭的盐层序可能成为未来重点考虑的勘探目标;赞比西三角洲的深水区域可能是今后勘探的重点。     

沾化凹陷富林洼陷中次洼纵向油气不均匀富集及控制因素

沾化凹陷富林洼陷中次洼靠近垦利断裂带的区域纵向上油气富集存在不均匀性,通过烃源岩生烃演化分析、油源对比、断层活动性分析等方法分析了研究区的油气成藏特征和影响因素,结果表明:富林洼陷中次洼靠近垦利断裂带的区域深层沙三段储层和浅层东营组、馆下段储层均发现油藏,而中部沙二段和沙一段的圈闭大多为空。造成这种油气不均匀富集的因素为深层沙三段油藏中的油气来源于中次洼沙三下亚段烃源岩,而浅层东营组和馆下段油藏中的油气来源于孤南洼陷沙三下亚段烃源岩;富林洼陷油气来源有限,且烃源岩排烃期与垦利断层活动期配置不佳,油气输导条件受到限制,只能短距离运移在沙三段储层聚集;孤南洼陷油气来源充足,且烃源岩在大量排烃时期、垦利断层处在活动期,且能够输导油气,因此油气能够远距离地运移到富林中次洼的浅层东营组和馆下段聚集。     

对中国近海油气富集的地质特征的几点认识

通过对比分析中国近海含油气盆地内烃源岩的生烃潜力、储集层、盖层、油气运移、圈闭发育与主要生烃、排烃期配套等油气地质条件认为，上述诸因素在油气成藏过程中的相互配套程度的差异是造成中国近海具有相似生烃潜力的含油气盆地其油气富集程度差别巨大的关键因素。     

东格陵兰盆地油气资源评价

东格陵兰盆地陆上和近海地区是目前北极与深水油气勘探的热点地区,但油气勘探程度和资源认识程度低。美国地质调查局(2000、2007年)油气资源评价结果表明该区具有很大的油气资源潜力,同时油气勘探具有高风险和不确定性。通过收集整理东格陵兰盆地、北海盆地油气地质资料及油气田勘探开发数据,从区域上对两个地区的油气成藏条件进行了对比,并采用地球化学方法与类比法,评价了东格陵兰盆地的油气资源潜力。东格陵兰盆地属于晚古生代—中生代的裂谷盆地,呈现两坳一隆的构造格局,与挪威陆架盆地在进入被动陆缘阶段之前具有相同的地质发育过程,沉积环境类似,共同经历古生代和中生代裂谷及裂后的热沉降。东格陵兰盆地发育晚古生代湖相烃源岩、上侏罗统海相烃源岩,储层主要为中侏罗统浅海相砂岩和白垩系深海浊积砂岩,圈闭类型主要为伸展构造圈闭、地垒断块圈闭、盐构造圈闭以及地层圈闭等。东格陵兰盆地油气成藏条件优越,油气资源潜力较大,具有较好的勘探前景。在影响东格陵兰盆地油气资源认识的诸多地质因素中,有利圈闭类型、必要数量的烃源岩以及油气生成条件和适当埋藏史还待进一步证实。     

印尼加里曼丹岛东部主要含油气盆地油气富集差异

为加强印尼加里曼丹岛东部地区战略选区研究,指明选区方向,从分析已发现油气分布规律入手,重点探讨了油气分布的控制因素,分析了低勘探程度区勘探潜力。研究表明:(1)陆上和海上分别受控于始新统和中新统三角洲煤系烃源岩,烃源岩类型、成熟度和规模共同控制油气发现"海多陆少、中部为气、南北为油"格局;(2)烃源岩和输导体系是控制油气成藏和分布的两个关键因素,海上和陆上输导体系的差异控制了海陆油气发现,表现为"陆老海新"特征;(3)海上北部达拉根盆地"近源逆冲断裂带"与陆上南部巴里托盆地南部"基底潜山带",石油地质条件优越,勘探潜力较大。     

松南十屋断陷深层油气成藏条件与模式研究

十屋断陷是断坳叠置的复合盆地,充填了巨厚的断陷地层。其深部地层包括登娄库组、营城组、沙河子组以及火石岭组。在十屋断陷深部沉积了沙河子组-营城组和登娄库组两套烃源岩和良好的储盖层组合;由于断陷构造运动,形成大量的断裂构造和不整合面,构成了油气运移的有效通道,同时还形成有效断裂、断鼻构造圈闭以及不整合圈闭。综合分析认为,十屋断陷深部具有有利油气成藏生储盖组合。主要有下生上储式、自生自储式和上生下储式三种成藏模式。     

南海深水盆地油气地质特征及勘探方向

在深入调研南海深水盆地油气地质条件的基础上,系统分析了油气分布规律和成藏主控因素,明确了油气资源潜力和有利勘探方向,旨在为南海深水油气勘探决策提供科学依据.研究结果表明:南海深水盆地发育在非典型边缘海大陆边缘,其石油地质条件具有特殊性,油气分布特征存在显著的南北差异.其中,南海北部深水的珠江口盆地和琼东南盆地,以构造圈...     

塔里木盆地寒武－奥陶系生油岩成油期─－兼谈喜山晚期“二次生油”

寒武－奥陶系生油岩是塔里木盆地主力油源，尤以满加尔坳陷发育最佳。本文以基础数据为依据，主要论述该套烃源岩的成油期问题，认为寒武系生油岩主成油期为古生代，并在中新生代具二次生油特点；奥陶系生油岩主成油期为海西晚期（满加尔坳陷）和中新生代。塔北、塔中诸多高产油气田中的油气主要为中新生代所形成。     

Structural patterns of the late Mesozoic crustal detachment system in the Raoyang Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,eastern China: New insights from 3D seismic data

Understanding the late Mesozoic tectonic origin and structural patterns of the Bohai Bay Basin (BBB) is of growing importance for its buried-hill petroleum exploration. This study revealed, based on 3D seismic and borehole data, that the Raoyang Sag in the Jizhong Depression, western BBB, was dominated by a crustal detachment system during the late Jurassic to the early Cretaceous. It was characterized by the WNW-dipping low-angle detachment fault F₀ (namely Cangxi Fault), the structural dome cored by Archean Basement rocks at the footwall and supradetachment basins on the hanging wall. We suggested the late Mesozoic volcanic materials and coarse deposits accumulated in the supradetachment basins had locally diminished the petroleum prospect, but the syndetachment deformation and denudation had contributed to it by means of promoting petroleum migration from source rocks to reservoirs and improving porosity and permeability of the reservoir rocks by karstification and structural fracturing.     

A new Carboniferous coal/shale driven gas play in the Western Black Sea Region (Turkey)

The sedimentary sequence in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey both onshore and offshore offers many possibilities for different hydrocarbon plays. This study presents a new play, which considers Carboniferous coals and shales as source beds, Cretaceous sandstones as reservoirs and Cretaceous shales and marls as seal rocks. The evaluation of this play is performed using the petroleum system approach. Results suggest that the coals and shales have a good to very good source rock potential for gas, that the Cretaceous synrift sandstones are good reservoirs. On the other hand, the sealing efficiency of respective Cretaceous units is assumed to be sufficient based on their lithological (shales and carbonaceous marls) characteristics. Stratigraphic traps, which formed by transgression and by onlap on paleohighs, were sealed and potentially available at 97 million years (ma) before present. Structural traps related to Early Cretaceous extension were also sealed around 97 ma. On the contrary, traps formed by folding and thrusting during the Alpine orogeny only formed during the last 50 ma. The timing of gas generation and migration was determined by one and two-dimensional basin modeling in one well and along a cross-section. The modeling results indicated that during the period between 90 and 42 ma, large volumes of gas were generated from the Carboniferous source rocks. Comparison with the age of stratigraphic and structural traps showed that stratigraphic and normal fault traps were potentially available for the entire volume of generated gas and that the other structural traps associated with Alpine orogeny were available only for gas generated and/or re-migrated during the last 50 ma. The evaluation of this new play results in the conclusion, that the Western Black Sea region is worthy of further exploration for conventional accumulations of thermogenic gas.     

胜利油区原油和沉积岩中稀土元素组成特征及其意义

文中利用稀土元素在原油运移中良好的续承性,初步探讨了在济阳坳陷内的东营凹陷和沾化凹陷原油中稀土元素的赋存特征以及它们的来源方式,并指出两凹陷不同的物源性质是造成原油稀土赋存特征差异的主要原因。     

Oil migration through preferential petroleum migration pathway (PPMP) and polycyclic faults: A case study from the Shijiutuo Uplift,Bohai Bay basin,China

The Shijiutuo uplift is an oil enriched uplift in the offshore Bohai Bay Basin. Petroleum migration is a key factor for oil enrichment in Neogene reservoirs far away from the hydrocarbon kitchen. In this article, an integration of geological, geophysical and geochemical analyses are employed to investigate the petroleum migration and accumulation on the Shijiutuo uplift. Hydrocarbons in the QHD32-6 and QHD33 oilfields are mainly originated from the third (E₂s₃) and first (E₂s₁) member of the Shahejie Formation. The shallow traps have significant contributions of late-stage E₂s₁-derived oil. Lateral petroleum migration is a major mechanism forming large oilfields on the Shijiutuo uplift. The large oilfields have multiple hydrocarbon kitchens, multiple source rocks, and numerous preferential petroleum migration pathways (PPMPs). Once petroleum arrives at the structural highs on the Shijiutuo uplift through the Guantao Formation (N₁g) carrier-beds, neotectonic faults cutting through Guantao (N₁g) and Minghuazhen (N₁m^L) formations could serve as effective conduits for vertical petroleum migration. Neotectonic faults have experienced polycyclic fault activities. Fluid inclusions indicate episodic hydrocarbon charging. Crude oils display duplex properties of biodegradation and non-biodegradation, which is strong evidence for multiple and episodic oil charging on the Shijiutuo uplift. Finally, episodic petroleum charging along polycyclic neotectonic faults causes the late-stage E₂s₁-derived oils to occur in the shallow reservoirs.     

南堡凹陷4号构造带蛤坨断层特征与油气成藏关系

南堡凹陷4号构造带断裂发育,既发育沟通烃源岩的深断裂,也发育沟通浅层圈闭的次级断裂。综合利用地震、测井、岩性等资料分析断层的空间展布,计算蛤坨断层的生长指数和断层泥比率（SGR）,分析断层的活动性、封堵性,评价其输导性能,并结合其与烃源岩生排烃期的匹配关系研究断裂与油气运移、聚集的关系及控制规律。在典型油气藏剖面解剖的基础上,建立了4号构造带油气运聚成藏模式。     

Petroleum generation and charge history of the northern Dongying Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China: Insight from integrated fluid inclusion analysis and basin modelling

The petroleum generation and charge history of the northern Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin was investigated using an integrated fluid inclusion analysis workflow and geohistory modelling. One and two-dimensional basin modelling was performed to unravel the oil generation history of the Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es3 and Es4) source rocks based on the reconstruction of the burial, thermal and maturity history. Calibration of the model with thermal maturity and borehole temperature data using a rift basin heat flow model indicates that the upper interval of the Es4 source rocks began to generate oil at around 35 Ma, reached a maturity level of 0.7% R_o at 31–30 Ma and a peak hydrocarbon generation at 24–23 Ma. The lower interval of the Es3 source rocks began to generate oil at around 33–32 Ma and reached a maturity of 0.7% R_o at about 27–26 Ma. Oil generation from the lower Es3 and upper Es4 source rocks occurred in three phases with the first phase from approximately 30–20 Ma; the second phase from approximately 20–5 Ma; and the third phase from 5 Ma to the present day. The first and third phases were the two predominant phases of intense oil generation.Samples from the Es3 and Es4 reservoir intervals in 12 wells at depth intervals between 2677.7 m and 4323.0 m were investigated using an integrated fluid inclusion workflow including petrography, fluorescence spectroscopy and microthermometry to determine the petroleum charge history in the northern Dongying Depression. Abundant oil inclusions with a range of fluorescence colours from near yellow to near blue were observed and were interpreted to represent two episodes of hydrocarbon charge based on the fluid inclusion petrography, fluorescence spectroscopy and microthermometry data. Two episodes of oil charge were determined at 24–20 Ma and 4–3 Ma, respectively with the second episode being the predominant period for the oil accumulation in the northern Dongying Depression. The oil charge occurred during or immediately after the modelled intense oil generation and coincided with a regional uplift and a rapid subsidence, suggesting that the hydrocarbon migration from the already overpressured source rocks may have been triggered by the regional uplift and rapid subsidence. The expelled oil was then charged to the already established traps in the northern Dongying Depression. The proximal locations of the reservoirs to the generative kitchens and the short oil migration distance facilitate the intimate relationship between oil generation, migration and accumulation.     

国内外深水区油气勘探新进展

深水区油气资源丰富，近年来深水油气勘探不断升温。在全球6大洲18个深水盆地中已发现约580亿桶油当量的油气资源。目前，巴西、美国墨西哥湾的深水油气田已经投入生产，而且产量不断增加，西非地区也已进入开发阶段，西北欧、地中海以及亚太地区的许多国家也都在积极开展深水油气勘探或开发。海上油气钻探不断向深水区和超深水区发展，探井数目也在继续增加，投资力度不断加强，储量每年也有很大的增长。深水油气勘探成功率平均达到30％，其中，西非的勘探成功率最高。深水区烃源岩生烃潜力较好，最好的烃源岩主要分布于侏罗系、白垩系和第三系的地层中，储层以浊积岩储层为主，盖层通常比较发育，大多数圈闭都与地层因素有关。我国南海北部陆坡深水区盆地属准被动边缘盆地，从烃源岩、储层、盖层、圈闭到运聚条件等都具备了形成大型油气田的基本地质条件，具有丰富的资源前景。