基于超快速星历的GAMIT高精度基线解算研究

由于IGS最终星历需延时12 d才会在其中心发布,不能满足应急保障的需要,因此提出了使用超快速星历IGU进行GAMIT高精度基线解算的方法。分别采用IGS最终星历和IGU超快速星历对GPS控制网基线进行解算。结果表明,使用IGS最终星历和IGU超快速星历解算的中长基线坐标分量差值不超过2 mm,可满足特定情况下高精度快速解算基线的需求。     

GAMIT采用快速星历处理GNSS数据的可行性分析

针对IGS最终精密有约12—18 d的时延,不利于C、D级GNSS工程控制网的实时解算,本文以实际工程为例,尝试用IGS发布的快速星历IGR、超快速星历(IGU、IGV)代替IGS最终星历进行基线解算。通过与IGS最终星历的解算结果对比发现,对同一等级的GNSS网,不同星历对基线、测站坐标精度均无明显影响,故在实际应用中用快速星历或超快速星历进行GNSS控制网解算是可行的。     

IGU精密星历在CORS网监测中的应用

针对IGS数据处理中心发布的最终精密星历不能用于CORS网实时监测的问题,分析了IGU(超快速精密星历)用于CORS网实时监测的可行性。根据不同IGU精密星历产品的精度和时延性,基于TEQC将美国康涅狄格州10个CORS站单天观测数据平均分为4个时段,利用GAMIT/GLOBK依次进行了精密定位解算,并与最终精密星历基线解算和网平差结果进行比对。结果表明:利用IGU预测部分与最终精密星历的基线解算结果坐标分量较差最大为0.17 mm;网平差后点位坐标分量偏差最大为0.11 mm。因此,IGU预测轨道可以对CORS网进行实时监测。     

IGF/IGR/IGU星历产品反演大气可降水量可行性分析

利用快速精密星历(IGR)和超快速精密星历(IGU)产品对香港地区连续运行参考站(HKCORS)数据进行地基GNSS PWV反演的可行性进行实验,并对结果进行精度评估.实验结果表明3种方案基线解算的NRMS值均小于0.3,同一天观测数据3种解算方案的NRMS值基本一致,证实了使用IGR和IGU产品替代IGF产品进行基线...     

基于广播星历的GAMIT基线解算方法及精度分析

GAMIT解算过程中通常要求精密的轨道文件作为卫星位置基准,针对在实际工程应用中因精密星历公布滞后或网络等因素无法及时获取IGS精密星历产品的特殊情况,提出基于广播星历进行GAMIT基线解算的方法,并与使用IGS最终星历的解算结果进行比较分析.实验结果表明,在309 km范围内,使用广播星历的坐标分量解算结果与使用IGS最终星历相比差值优于10-8数量级,可以满足常规的工程应用需求.     

超快速星历在高等级控制网中的应用

高等级大地控制网数据处理一般使用IGS精密星历,但IGS精密星历不能实时获得,满足不了应急保障的需要。采用IGS最终星历、IGR快速星历、IGU超快速星历分别对高等级控制网点进行数据处理,对平差结果及精度进行比较分析。实验证明,IGU超快速星历可应用于高等级控制网数据处理。     

精密星历类型对实时长距离差分动态定位的影响分析

随着流动站远离基准的距离,其间的距离超过30 km,流动站往往无法获得固定解,为实现实时远距离动态差分的实时处理,往往选择GAMIT软件中的实时运动学处理模块TRACK,获得实时位移序列。为解算流动站的坐标并提高其精度,测绘工作者几乎选择事后精密星历(IGS)。但IGS星历时延迟很长(一般12 h),为提高时间效率,本文在处理流动站的数据时,分别使用了快速星历(IGR)和事后精密星历(IGS),通过比较两者结果高度吻合。研究结果表明GAMIT软件解算GNSS站的测站坐标、天顶延迟、钟差等的数据精度与选择精密星历的类型几乎无关,对测绘人员选择星历具有重要的参考价值。      

GAMIT/GLOBK与PANDA GPS精密定位性能比较分析

GAMIT/GLOBK与PANDA都是国际知名的GPS精密数据处理软件。当GAMIT/GLOBK采用精密星历和高精度起算点时,其解算长基线的相对精度能达到10~(-9)量级,解算短基线的精度能优于1 mm;使用PANDA进行北斗卫星精密定轨的径向精度优于10 cm,静态精密单点定位精度达到厘米级、基线相对定位达到毫米级。但两者基于不同的处理方法,GAMIT/GLOBK基于双差模式而PANDA采用非差模式。以IGS公布的周解为真值利用GPS实测数据对两者定位结果和精度予以比较,从而对其定位性能进行分析,实验结果表明:GAMIT/GLOBK与PANDA解算的模式不同,但两者的实际解算精度基本相当,且成果与IGS公布的周解吻合较好,最终解算结果都与IGS公布的坐标吻合较好。     

GAMIT软件在高速铁路GPS控制网中的应用

随着高速铁路在我国的大规模建设,各种等级GPS铁路控制网的布设也陆续展开,用于解算GPS基线的软件,除了各种随机软件如TGO、LGO等外,GAMIT也是一款解算GPS基线的可靠工具,利用GAMIT可以有效消除长基线观测中电离层的影响[1],且可以加入潮汐改正。本文介绍了GAMIT软件在多天多时段工程控制网中的解算流程,以及相应的C-SHELL批处理程序[2],分析了不同星历对基线解算结果的影响,验证了超快速星历与快速星历同样可以获得高精度及高可靠性的解算结果。     

GPS多站组网的亚纳秒实时时间比对算法

针对传统GPS PPP(precise point positioning)时间比对算法依赖精密星历产品、时间延迟较长和实时性差等问题,提出了一种多站组网实时时间比对算法。采用IGU超快速星历产品作为解算输入条件,利用多站联测增加多余观测,将测站钟差和卫星钟差作为未知数统一解算。实验结果表明,比对结果与IGS最终钟差的一致性达到了0.3 ns以内,比对结果的天频率稳定度优于2.5×10^-15。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.