广义非线性强度理论体系

广义非线性强度理论用一个表达式统一描述各种材料在 平面及子午面上的非线性强度特性,形成了一个全新的非线性强度理论系统,使非线性强度理论从适用于某一类特定材料的单一非线性强度理论发展到可以适用于众多不同材料的广义非线性强度理论,完善了强度理论体系。广义非线性强度理论包含了一系列现有的和可能有的单一非线性强度理论,如Mises准则、SMP准则等。利用土、岩石和混凝土强度试验结果验证了广义非线性强度理论适用于多种材料的优越性。     

深埋顶管顶力理论计算与实测分析

针对管幕预筑法中深埋顶管顶力进行理论和实测分析。顶管顶力与垂直土压力密切相关。参照隧道开挖中垂直土压力的计算方法,常用的垂直土压力计算理论有：普氏理论和太沙基理论。在详细分析了这两种垂直土压力计算理论的适用性和缺陷之后,结合普氏理论和太沙基理论,提出了改进的垂直土压力计算理论公式,并编写MATLAB程序计算改进理论公式的数值解。改进理论既考虑了土拱效应,又考虑了拱下土体的挟持力,更符合实际土体变形情况。将普氏理论、太沙基理论和改进的理论应用于沈阳地铁新乐遗址站管幕预筑法顶管工程中,计算不同深度的两根大埋深管道顶力,并把计算与实测结果进行比较,发现普氏理论和太沙基理论计算结果都远大于实测值,改进理论计算结果稍大于实测值,更适合于深埋顶管顶力估算。     

压实膨润土膨胀变形的分形计算方法

分形计算方法能较准确地计算膨润土的膨胀变形,但系数K没有确切的计算方法,限制了该方法的广泛应用。基于双电层（DDL）理论和分形方法在双电层膨胀下都适用的理论事实,提出在双电层膨胀条件下采用DDL理论推导出分形方法中系数K的方法,并计算出商用膨润土的K值为9.15。对商用膨润土进行了N2吸附试验,利用等温吸附数据计算出该膨润土的表面分维为2.65,然后根据得出的系数K和表面分维采用分形方法计算了膨润土的最大膨胀率并与膨胀试验结果作对比。结果表明,分形方法的理论计算和试验结果基本一致,尤其是在施加压力较大而膨胀变形较小的情况下,分形计算方法计算结果比起双电层理论更符合试验数据。     

大变形固结理论最终沉降量分析

大变形理论的力学机制较为严格,但由于其固有的复杂性和非线性,目前对大小变形理论计算的沉降量差别仍存在争议。基于连续介质力学基本原理,采用土力学符号约定推导了T.L.描述的大变形固结增量有限元方程组及其总应力分析形式。结合算例,分析了材料线性化和材料几何双线性化简化算法的影响,探讨了较合适的荷载增量步长,讨论了大、小变形法计算的最终沉降量差别。结果表明,荷载增量步长对两种线性化法计算结果较为敏感;大变形法计算的沉降量偏大于小变形结果,这可能是由几何非线性问题的“拉压刚度不同”效应引起;初应力矩阵对最终沉降量有较大影响等。     

广义地应力及其强度理论

根据岩体力学位移理论，将广义地应力理论与岩体介质蠕变柔量理论相结合，建立了广义地应力的强度理论，并讨论了它在岩体工程中的应用。     

材料强度理论新探

本文依据弹塑性变形相关关系,对材料的强度理论进行探讨,提出了一种新的强度理论,该理论和试验结果吻合良好。     

Tsunami runup on steep slopes: How good linear theory really is

This is a study of the application of linear theory for the estimation of the maximum runup height of long waves on plane beaches. The linear theory is reviewed and a method is presented for calculating the maximum runup. This method involves the calculation of the maximum value of an integral, now known as the runup integral. Laboratory and numerical results are presented to support this method. The implications of the theory are used to reevaluate many existing empirical runup correlations. It is shown that linear theory predicts the maximum runup satisfactorily. This study demonstrates that it is now possible to match complex offshore wave-evolution algorithms with linear theory runup solutions for the purpose of obtaining realistic tsunami inundation estimates.     

与地洼学说相关的几个问题

强调了陆内地台活化造山,是地洼学说即活化构造理论的核心概念。并从板块构造“地学革命”对经典地槽造山成因论的否定;从近廿年板块构造研究华南大地构造取得突破经典板块碰撞造山模式,提出了板内弧后造山新模式的研究实例;以及从活化构造理论与多岛海板内变形理论的对比等几方面的阐明,指出陆内活化造山区,作为地台区、陆缘造山带之外的第三种大地构造类型,其自主创新的意义和作用至今并未改变。强调了地洼学说或活化构造理论与板块构造理论之间并不是对立和互相排斥,一分为二、取长补短,有利于推进中国大地构造的研究和理论的创新发展。     

Probabilistic block theory analysis for a rock slope at an open pit mine in USA

A new formulation is given to conduct a probabilistic block theory analysis. A new computer code (PBTAC) is developed to perform both deterministic and probabilistic block theory analysis. The variability of the discontinuity orientation and shear strength is incorporated in the probabilistic block theory analysis. Discontinuity orientation is treated as a bivariate random variable including the correlation that exists between the dip angle and dip direction. PBTAC code was applied to perform both deterministic and probabilistic block theory analyses for a part of an open pit mine in USA. Needed geological and geotechnical data for the analyses were obtained from field and laboratory investigations. The variability of the discontinuity orientations resulted in important differences between the probabilistic and deterministic block theory analyses results. The results confirmed that the design value selected for the maximum safe slope angle (MSSA) for a particular region in the open pit mine based on the deterministic block theory analysis can be on the unsafe side. In summary, the results showed clearly the superiority of probabilistic block theory analysis over the deterministic block theory analysis in obtaining additional important information with respect to designing rock slopes. The calculated values agree very well with the existing almost stable bench face angles reported by the mining company.     

饱和土中劈裂灌浆压力研究

在塑性力学和大变形理论的基础上,分析土体在劈裂灌浆初始阶段的力学机理。将劈裂灌浆的初始阶段视为无限土体中的圆孔扩张问题,并将圆孔周围土体中的应力分布分为两个区域。在弹性区中土体服从小变形假设,在塑性区中服从大变形假设。利用水力压裂理论和圆孔扩张理论,假设孔隙水压力大于或等于初始应力与扩张应力增量之和时,土体将出现拉应力,若拉应力超过土的抗拉强度,土体将产生开裂,此时的灌浆压力就为初始劈裂灌浆压力。当土体在灌浆压力作用下,大小主应力正好换位时,则出现劈裂时的灌浆压力就为二次劈裂灌浆压力值,推导出饱和土体劈裂灌浆压力的理论公式。该理论的计算结果与工程实测结果比较接近,初步证实了该理论的可靠性。     

上限法在加筋土结构物稳定性分析中的应用

将极限分析上限法用于加筋土结构物稳定性分析的关键是滑动面上内力功如何计算的问题。在总结了基于传统塑性理论上限法内力功的计算方法的基础上,将基于广义塑性理论的上限法应用到杨俊杰的内力功计算方法中。对比基于传统和广义塑性理论的上限解及离心试验结果,认为基于传统塑性理论的上限法应用简单,计算结果基本可靠;基于广义塑性理论的上限法虽然理论上比较完善,但当滑动面为曲线时,应用繁琐。     

Practical application of an innovative microseismic source location procedure

Summary A detailed case study conducted at a Canadian gold mine is presented to demonstrate the practical usefulness of the source location data analysis theory developed by Ge and Kaiser (1990). The basic concept of the theory and the interpretation of the physical status of wave arrival picks is explained through a step-by-step analysis of several microseismic events. The effectiveness of the theory is illustrated by statistical data analysis. It is demonstrated that the theory enhances MP250 systems by providing an automatic microseismic source location technique.     

Model-free estimation from spatial samples: A reappraisal of classical sampling theory

A commonly held view among geostatisticians is that classical sampling theory is inapplicable to spatial sampling because spatial data are dependent, whereas classical sampling theory requires them to be independent. By comparing the assumptions and use of classical sampling theory with those of geostatistical theory, we conclude that this view is both false and unfortunate. In particular, estimates of spatial means based on classical sampling designs require fewer assumptions for their validity, and are therefore more robust, than those based on a geostatistical model.     

适用于冻土的广义非线性强度准则

冻土与融土的主要区别是冰,温度变化影响着孔隙冰含量,进而影响着冻土的物理力学性质．广义非线性强度准则用一个表达式描述了材料在“平面及子午面上的非线性强度特性,其在主应力空间的π平面上的破坏函数为介于SMP准则和Mises准则之间的光滑曲线,子午面上的破坏函数为幂函数曲线．在该准则的框架下,通过国内学者已取得的冻土材料的...     

矿产勘查理论与实践是辩证唯物主义认识论的继承和发展

运用辩证唯物主义认识论原理,分析研究多年来的矿产勘查实践,结合国内外现阶段矿产勘查理论研究现状和未来发展趋势,认为矿产勘查理论与实践是对辩证唯物主义认识论的科学继承和发展。     

论地质工程的基础理论

地质工程是80年代以来工程地质科学的新的生长点, 已经形成为一个工程地质学新的分支学科, 一个新的行业。地质工程的基础理论是地质控制论, 它的基本理论是地质构造控制论、岩体结构控制论、上体结构控制论、地质体赋存环境因素控制论。他们控制着地质环境(包括地壳稳定性)评价理论和方法、岩体质量评价理论和方法、工程地质探测和测试理论和技术方法、工程地质超前预报理论和方法、地质体改造理论和技术, 岩土体稳定性分析理论和方法及地质工程设计和施工指导理论。正确运用这套理论可使地质工程实践减少盲卧性, 增加自觉性, 可使地质工程实践减少20%～30%的经济损失。     

实用地质选线理论在巴达线勘察中的应用

地质选线理论的应用是一个由粗略到细微,由整体到局部,由定性到定量,由模糊到清晰的过程。各种理论方法侧重不同,不同勘察阶段采用最适合的理论方法,往往起到事半功倍的效果。同一种理论,在不同阶段应用时,也存在一定的差异。本文作者在长期从事山区铁路地质选线的基础上,以正在修建的巴达铁路为例,对一些常用的地质选线理论方法进行了归纳和总结,对铁路选线具有较好的指导意义。     

一种适合于岩石材料的双剪模型

岩土类材料强度理论分为单剪强度理论、三剪强度理论和双剪强度理论。三类强度理论的典型代表是Mohr -Coulomb强度理论、Drucker-Prager准则和双剪强度理论。单剪强度理论、三剪强度理论和双剪强度理论都有其相应的单元模型 ,分析单元体上对单元体破坏起主要作用的应力 ,建立各应力分量之间的数学关系 ,形成岩土类材料的强度理论。本文分析岩石围压试验和真三轴试验下的破坏及强度特征 ,提出一种适合于岩石材料的双剪模型 ,与三类强度理论建模方法相同 ,可以得出一系列新的强度理论     

软硬相间岩层中地下厂房稳定性分析

对软硬相间岩层中地下厂房进行稳定性分析，既要考虑岩石的软弱性质，又要考虑岩石的脆性。本文分别采用弹塑脆性理论和弹塑性理论对某地下厂房进行进行稳定性分析，结果表明对于软硬相间岩层中地下厂房的稳定性分析,如果仅考虑其弹塑性性质，其结果是偏危险的。     

Abiogenic Origin of Hydrocarbons: An Historical Overview

Abstract. The two theories of abiogenic formation of hydrocarbons, the Russian-Ukrainian theory of deep, abiotic petroleum origins and Thomas Gold's deep gas theory, have been considered in some detail. Whilst the Russian-Ukrainian theory was portrayed as being scientifically rigorous in contrast to the biogenic theory which was thought to be littered with invalid assumptions, this applies only to the formation of the higher hydrocarbons from methane in the upper mantle. In most other aspects, in particular the influence of the oxidation state of the mantle on the abundance of methane, this rigour is lacking especially when judged against modern criteria as opposed to the level of understanding in the 1950s to 1980s when this theory was at its peak. Thomas Gold's theory involves degassing of methane from the mantle and the formation of higher hydrocarbons from methane in the upper layers of the Earth's crust. However, formation of higher hydrocarbons in the upper layers of the Earth's crust occurs only as a result of Fischer-Tropsch-type reactions in the presence of hydrogen gas but is otherwise not possible on thermodynamic grounds. This theory is therefore invalid. Both theories have been overtaken by the increasingly sophisticated understanding of the modes of formation of hydrocarbon deposits in nature.