Nature and significance of the West Baram and Tinjar Lines,NW Borneo

A key consideration in tectonic models for SE Asia and opening of the South China Sea is the role that the West Baram and Tinjar Lines of NW Borneo may have played in accommodating the motion of crustal blocks displaced from Asia following India's collision. There are few studies that focus on these “lines”. Using onshore geological studies and offshore seismic data to address the origin and tectonic significance of these, this paper concludes that rather than a major transform boundary between Luconia and the Dangerous Grounds, the West Baram Line marks the boundary between domains of continental crust that underwent differential extension in the Eocene. The Baram Basin is underlain by hyperextended continental crust on the NE side of the Baram Line. The strong contrast in the geological features across the Tinjar and West Baram Lines likely reflects ancient differences in crustal rheology with Luconia being the more rigid block. Although lack of significant strike slip faulting along the West Baram Line poses problems for tectonic models in which a wide proto-South China Sea is subducted beneath NW Borneo, intra-plate deformation, such as partial inversion of the Dangerous Grounds rift, offers a potential mechanism to mass balance blocks displaced from Asia with the reduced strike slip motion along the West Baram Line.     

Sequence stratigraphic modelling and reservoir architecture of the shallow marine successions of Baram field,West Baram Delta,offshore Sarawak,East Malaysia

The Baram Delta Province is located in the northern part of Sarawak (West Baram Delta) and extends north-eastward into Brunei and further into the south-western part of Sabah (East Baram Delta). The delta is a Neogene basin which developed over an accretionary wedge implying Cretaceous to Eocene sediments during the Late Eocene to Late Miocene times (Tongkul, 1991; Hutchison et al., 2000; Morley et al., 2003; Sapin et al., 2011).Facies and well log analyses were carried out on core and well data for the Late Miocene successions of Baram field, a medium-sized oilfield located in the north-eastern flank of the Baram Delta Oil Province, offshore Sarawak. A numerical model of sea-level fluctuations and progradational basin-fill was generated using the Clastic Modeling Program (Hardy and Waltham, 1992a and 1992b; Waltham, 1992) software to evaluate the possible controls of sea-level changes in the development of the siliciclastic successions and their bounding surfaces. This model was based on four lines of evidence, namely core data, fieldwide wireline logs correlation, seismic sections and average thickness variations across the field.Cored intervals of the Upper Cycle V (Late Miocene) display reservoir successions dominated by thick swaley cross-stratified (SCS) sandstones, thin hummocky cross-stratified sandstones and other shallow marine, wave and storm-dominated facies, interbedded with laminated shelfal mudstones. The vertical facies organisation suggests deposition during shoreface progradation associated with a fall of relative sea level.Analysis and correlation of well logs reveal stacking patterns comprising three scales of depositional cyclicity: the parasequences (∼10–∼30 m thick), the parasequence sets (∼45–∼130 m thick) and the major cycles (∼600–800 m thick).Field-wide, dip-oriented seismic sections show very well-developed horizontal to slightly upward convex layers traceable over great distances, which suggests a ramp-type margin, in which the basin floor dipped gradually seaward and lacked a distinct shelf-slope margin.The evidences gathered demonstrate that the deposition and build-up stratigraphy of the Late Miocene sedimentary successions could have been strongly controlled by superimposed short-term, medium-term and long-term sea-level changes.The simulated sea level and sedimentary basin-fill model, generated by the Clastic Modelling Program, match to the well log correlation. This model illustrates that high frequency sea-level fluctuations enable sands to be distributed over large areas within a shallow, low gradient shelf. Our study shows that integrated studies incorporating cores, well logs, seismic sections and simulated models can be employed as important tools for correlation and reservoir modelling.     

Balancing deformation in NW Borneo: Quantifying plate-scale vs. gravitational tectonics in a delta and deepwater fold-thrust belt system

Recent GPS measurements demonstrate that NW Borneo undergoes 4–6 mm of plate-scale shortening a year, which is not accommodated by plate-scale structures. The only geological structure in NW Borneo described to accommodate on-going shortening is the Baram Delta System located on the outer shelf to basin floor. Delta toe fold-thrust belts are commonly thought to be caused by margin-normal compressional stresses generated by margin-parallel upslope gravitational extension.     

冬季婆罗洲岛西北沿岸上升流的时空特征及机理研究

Winter coastal upwelling off northwest Borneo in the South China Sea(SCS) is investigated by using satellite data, climatological temperature and salinity fields and reanalysis data. The upwelling forms in December, matures in January, starts to decay in February and almost disappears in March. Both Ekman transport induced by the alongshore winter monsoon and Ekman pumping due to orographic wind stress curl are favorable for the upwelling. Transport estimates demonstrate that the month-to-month variability of Ekman transport and Ekman pumping are both consistent with that of winter coastal upwelling, but Ekman transport is two times larger than Ekman pumping in January and February. Under the influence of El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO), the upwelling shows remarkable interannual variability: during winter of El Ni?o(La Ni?a) years, an anticyclonic(a cyclonic) wind anomaly is established in the SCS, which behaves a northeasterly(southwesterly) anomaly and a positive(negative) wind stress curl anomaly off the northwest Borneo coast, enhancing(reducing) the upwelling and causing anomalous surface cooling(warming) and higher(lower) chlorophyll concentration. The sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) associated with ENSO off the northwest Borneo coast has an opposite phase to that off southeast Vietnam, resulting in a SSTA seesaw pattern in the southern SCS in winter.     

南海南部造山运动及其与古南海俯冲的成因联系

古南海的展布范围以及俯冲消亡过程等一直是地质学家们争论的焦点问题。这不仅与南海扩张诱因密切相关,而且对南海地球动力学研究有重大的指导意义。在研究前人文献的基础上,对南海南部造山运动以及古南海俯冲过程之间的关系进行详细的论述。结果表明,南海南部构造活动主要分为两期：第一期运动从早白垩纪到晚白垩纪,古太平洋的洋壳俯冲到婆罗洲岛下方,俯冲带位于现今卢帕尔线一带,引起了曾母-南沙地块不断向西南婆罗洲靠近,并于晚白垩纪引发了碰撞造山运动。由于婆罗洲自身是由众多地块拼合而成,所以在始新世期间发生了多期碰撞之后的地块变形重组事件。最终在晚始新世（37 Ma）完成最后一期变形（沙捞越运动）。第二阶段是晚始新世（35 Ma）到中中新世（15.5 Ma）,位于西巴拉姆线以东至菲律宾卡加延一带的古南海从西巴拉姆线以东,向婆罗洲岛下方俯冲,随后扩散到沙巴以及巴拉望岛以南的地区,直至菲律宾的民都洛岛一带停止俯冲。由此产生的拖曳力是南海扩张的主要诱因。与古太平洋板块俯冲产生的效果相似,古南海的俯冲使得婆罗洲岛与南沙地块不断靠近。在中中新世（15.5 Ma）,引起南沙地块与婆罗洲岛在沙巴地区的碰撞（沙巴造山）以及巴拉望北部陆壳与菲律宾岛弧的碰撞而停止。由此带来的不整合面在南海南部普遍可见,甚至到达了巴拉望岛一带。而现今南沙海槽与巴拉望海槽并非是俯冲带的前渊,前者是对沙巴新近纪增生楔重力驱动变形的响应,后者是巴拉望岛北侧伸展背景下产生的半地堑盆地,在后期增生楔的作用下发生强烈沉降所形成。真正的俯冲带则分别位于南沙海槽东南部以及巴拉望海槽东南部。据现有证据推测,最少在10 Ma之前古南海就在菲律宾民都洛一带停止俯冲,从而完成了整个古南海的封闭。     

南海西北部16 kaBP以来沉积物的环境磁学特征及其物源指示意义

南海是西太平洋最大的边缘海,对东亚季风和全球气候变化具有敏感的响应,然而目前对南海沉积物的物源分析仍存在众多争议。对南海琼东南盆地SCS-02孔的沉积物样品进行了系统的磁学分析,旨在通过环境磁学参数追踪沉积物的来源。结果表明,SCS-02岩芯的磁性矿物主要为磁铁矿和赤铁矿。自16 kaBP以来,磁性矿物的粒径和成分发生了系统变化,指示了沉积物源-汇过程的改变。15.5～16 kaBP期间,磁化率较高,粒径较粗,矫顽力也较高。海平面比现今低100多米,莺歌海出露于海平面以上,古红河口距研究区较近,红河的物质可以较容易到达沉积区,因此该时期红河贡献较大,珠江和台湾贡献较小。7.5～15.5 kaBP期间,随着海平面的迅速上升,磁性矿物组成和粒度发生了变化,总的磁性矿物含量减少,磁铁矿的含量逐渐增加,粒度变细,表明随着海平面的升高,珠江和台湾的贡献有所增加。7.5 kaBP以来,现代的海陆格局基本形成,磁性矿物组成和粒度变化较稳定,沉积物主要来源于红河和珠江。因此,环境磁学参数可以指示南海西北部沉积物的源-汇变化,为海平面变化和气候演化研究提供有效参考。     

Phytoplankton diversity in a tropical bay,North Borneo,Malaysia as revealed by light microscopy and Next-Generation Sequencing

Assessments of phytoplankton diversity in Sabah waters, North Borneo, have primarily relied on morphology-based identification, which has inherent biases and can be time-consuming. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology has been shown to be capable of overcoming several limitations of morphology-based methods. Samples were collected from the Sepanggar Bay over the course of the year 2018 in different monsoon seasons. Morphology-based identification and NGS sequencing of the V8–V9 region of the 18S LSU rDNA were used to investigate the diversity of the phytoplankton community. Microscopy and NGS showed complementary results with more diatom taxa detected by microscopy whereas NGS detected smaller and rarer taxa. The harmful algal genera in the study site comprised of Skeletonema, Margalefidinium, Pyrodinium, Takayama, and Alexandrium as detected by NGS. This study showed that that an integrative approach of both morphological and molecular techniques could provide more comprehensive information about the phytoplankton community as the approach captured quantitative variability as well as the diversity of phytoplankton species.     

The gradual subduction-collision evolution model of Proto-South China Sea and its control on oil and gas

This study involved outcrop, drilling, seismic, gravity, and magnetic data to systematically document the geological records of the subduction process of Proto-South China Sea (PSCS) and establish its evolution model. The results indicate that a series of arc-shaped ophiolite belts and calcalkaline magmatic rocks are developed in northern Borneo, both of which have the characteristics of gradually changing younger from west to east, and are direct signs of subduction and collision of PSCS. At the same time, the subduction of PSCS led to the formation of three accretion zones from the south to the north in Borneo, the Kuching belt, Sibu belt, and Miri belt. The sedimentary formation of northern Borneo is characterized by a three-layer structure, with the oceanic basement at the bottom, overlying the deep-sea flysch deposits of the Rajang–Crocker group, and the molasse sedimentary sequence that is dominated by river-delta and shallow marine facies at the top, recording the whole subduction–collision–orogeny process of PSCS. Further, seismic reflection and tomography also confirmed the subduction and collision of PSCS. Based on the geological records of the subduction and collision of PSCS, combined with the comprehensive analysis of segmented expansion and key tectonic events in the South China Sea, we establish the “gradual” subduction-collision evolution model of PSCS. During the late Eocene to middle Miocene, the Zengmu, Nansha, and Liyue–Palawan blocks were separated by West Baram Line and Balabac Fault, which collided with the Borneo block and Kagayan Ridge successively from the west to the east, forming several foreland basin systems, and PSCS subducted and closed from the west to the east. The subduction and extinction of PSCS controlled the oil and gas distribution pattern of southern South China Sea (SSCS) mainly in three aspects. First, the “gradual” closure process of PSCS led to the continuous development of many large deltas in SSCS. Second, the deltas formed during the subduction–collision of PSCS controlled the development of source rocks in the basins of SSCS. Macroscopically, the distribution and scale of deltas controlled the distribution and scale of source rocks, forming two types of source rocks, namely, coal measures and terrestrial marine facies. Microscopically, the difference of terrestrial higher plants carried by the delta controlled the proportion of macerals of source rocks. Third, the difference of source rocks mainly controlled the distribution pattern of oil and gas in SSCS. Meanwhile, the difference in the scale of source rocks mainly controlled the difference in the amount of oil and gas discoveries, resulting in a huge amount of oil and gas discoveries in the basin of SSCS. Meanwhile, the difference of macerals of source rocks mainly controlled the difference of oil and gas generation, forming the oil and gas distribution pattern of “nearshore oil and far-shore gas”.     

A Review on the Currents in the South China Sea: Seasonal Circulation, South China Sea Warm Current and Kuroshio Intrusion

Researches on the currents in the South China Sea (SCS) and the interaction between the SCS and its adjacent seas are reviewed. Overall seasonal circulation in the SCS is cyclonic in winter and anticyclonic in summer with a few stable eddies. The seasonal circulation is mostly driven by monsoon winds, and is related to water exchange between the SCS and the East China Sea through the Taiwan Strait, and between the SCS and the Kuroshio through the Luzon Strait. Seasonal characteristics of the South China Sea Warm Current in the northern SCS and the Kuroshio intrusion to the SCS are summarized in terms of the interaction between the SCS and its adjacent seas.     

南海294站柱状沉积孢粉、藻类研究及古环境意义

通过对南海294站深海柱状剖面孢粉、藻类的研究,将294站从下至上划分为7个孢粉组合带: 带为Dacrydium-Pinus-Lithocarpus-Quercus(常绿)-Cyathea-Polypodiaceae; 带为Castanopsis-Lithocarpus-Dacrydium-Quercus(常绿)-Pinus-Polypodiaceae; 带为Quercus(常绿)-Castanopsis-Podocarpus-Cyathea-Polypodiaceae; 带为Polypodiaceae-Cyathea-Pteris-Pinus-Gramineae; 带为Quercus(常绿)-Podocarpus-Lithocarpus-Pinus-Cyathea-Polypodi-aceae; 带为Pinus-Quercus(常绿)-Palmae-Mangrovepollen-Gramineae; 带为Dacrydium-Palmae-Mangrovepollen-Pinus-Cyperaceae-Cyathea。相应恢复了南海东部地区12万年以来5个植被、气候演替阶段,依次为:炎热、湿润的热带季雨林—暖热而稍干的热带北缘半常绿季雨林—炎热、湿润的热带季雨林—暖热而稍干的热带北缘半常绿季雨林—炎热、湿润的热带季雨林。结合氧同位素测年资料,对南海294站柱状剖面地层时代划分进行了讨论。     

Rifted margin architecture and crustal rheology: Reviewing Iberia-Newfoundland,Central South Atlantic,and South China Sea

Crustal rheology controls the style of rifting and ultimately the architecture of rifted margins. Here we review the formation of three magma-poor margin pairs, Iberia-Newfoundland, the central segment of the South Atlantic Rift, and the South China Sea by integrating observational data into a numerical forward modelling framework. We utilise a 2D version of the finite element code SLIM3D, which includes nonlinear temperature- and stress-dependent elasto-visco-plastic rheology and is able to reproduce a wide range of rift-related deformation processes such as flexure, lower crustal flow, and faulting.Extension in cold, strong, or thin crust is accommodated by brittle faults and ductile shear zones that facilitate narrow rifts with asymmetric fault geometries. Hot, weak, or thick continental crust is dominated by ductile deformation and often extends symmetrically into a wide rift system. This simple recipe provides the standard framework to understand initial rift geometry, however, it is insufficient to account for the dynamics of intermediate and late rift stages that shape the final margin architecture.Asymmetric conjugate margins where one side is wide and the other narrow can be formed via both wide and narrow rift styles, which we reproduce with weak and strong crustal rheologies, respectively. Exemplified by the Iberia-Newfoundland conjugates and the Central South Atlantic, we define three characteristic rift phases: an initial phase of simultaneous faulting, an intermediate phase of rift migration that involves sequential fault activity, and finally, the breakup phase. Crustal rheology plays an overarching role in governing the dynamics of these asymmetric margins: we illustrate that weak rheologies generally prolong the phase of simultaneous faulting, while rift migration is enabled by initial fault asymmetry as well as relatively weak crust.Formation of the predominantly symmetric and wide margins of the South China Sea was controlled by extraordinarily weak crust that extended the phase of simultaneous faulting until breakup. The weak crustal rheology of this region relates to the South China Sea's pre-rift history where plate convergence lead to crustal thickening and magmatic additions in a back-arc regime shortly before the onset of rifting.     

Macrofaunal density, biomass and composition of estuarine sediments and their relationship to the river plume of the Rhone River (NW Mediterranean)

This study investigates species community patterns and sediment relationships of benthic macrofauna off the Rhone river delta. Along a WE transect, changes in diversity, density, biomass and trophic structure were coupled with the mean extension of the river dilution plume. Species number and diversity were at a minimum off the river mouth, below the area of the minimum surface salinity. Density decreased by a factor 2 and biomass by a factor 5 from the fluvial to the marine system. These features are due to high overload of terrestrial organic matter in the river prodelta as evidenced by the carbon isotopic signature of surface sediment and by pigment content. On the basis of a non-metric MDS analysis and of Dufrêne and Legendre method (1997), groups of stations and characteristic species associated were identified. These species, mainly small capitellids, spionids, lumbrinerids and sternaspids, correspond to a successional dynamic in response to changes in sedimentation conditions, mainly in organic matter quality of the surface sediment. The succession observed in space was similar to described in macrotidal estuaries and off other deltaic systems all over the world and to that observed in time following the Rhone river severe flood events. Results suggest that organic matter quality is an important factor with regard to benthic macrofauna successions and recovery mechanisms following disturbances. The differences observed between the Rhone deltaic system and the general model of relations between shelf processes and discharge of large rivers are attributed to a more regular supply of organic material from terrestrial origin on the Rhone continental shelf.     

The continent-ocean transition at the southeastern margin of the South China Sea

The South China Sea formed by magma-poor, or intermediate volcanic rifting in the Paleogene. We investigate the structure of the continent-ocean transition (COT) at its southern margin, off NW Palawan between the continental blocks of Reed Bank and the islands of Palawan and Calamian. Several surveys, recorded by the BGR from 1979 to 2008, established a comprehensive database of regional seismic lines, accompanied with magnetic and gravity profiles.We interpret two major rifted basins, extending in the NE direction across the shelf and slope, separated by a structural high of non volcanic origin.The continent-ocean transition is interpreted at the seaward limit of the continental crust, when magnetic spreading anomalies terminate some 80-100 km farther north. The area in between displays extensive volcanism - as manifest by extrusions that occasionally reach and cut the seafloor, by dykes, and by presumed basaltic lava flows - occurring after break-up.The COT is highly variable along the NW Palawan slope: One type shows a distinct outer ridge at the COT with a steep modern seafloor relief. The other type is characterised by rotated fault blocks, bounded by listric normal faults ramping down to a common detachment surface. Half-grabens developed above a strongly eroded pre-rift basement. The seafloor relief is smooth across this other type of COT.We suggest the pre-rift lithospheric configuration had major influence on the formation of the COT, besides transfer zones. Volcanic domains, confined to the north of competent crustal blocks correlate with the style of the COT.Gravity modelling revealed an extremely thinned crust across the shelf. We propose a depth-dependent extension model with crust being decoupled from mantle lithosphere, explaining the discrepancy of subsidence observed across the South China Sea region.     

Air-sea heat flux exchange over the South China Sea under different weather conditions before and after southwest monsoon onset in 2000

With the data observed from the Second SCS Air-Sea Flux Experiment on the Xisha air-sea flux research tower, the radiation budget, latent, sensible heat fluxes and net oceanic heat budgets were caculated before and after summer monsoon onset. It is discovered that, after summer monsoon onset, there are considerable changes in air-sea fluxes, especially in latent heat fluxes and net oceanic heat budget. Furthermore, the analyzed results of five synoptic stages are compared. And the characteristics of the flux transfer during different stages around onset of South China Sea monsoon are discussed. The flux change shows that there is an oceanic heat accumulating process during the pre-onset and the break period, as same as oceanic heat losing process during the onset period. Moreover, latent fluxes, the water vapor moving to the continent, even the rainfall appearance in Chinese Mainland also can be influenced by southwester. Comparing Xisha fluxes with those obtained from the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean, their differences may be obeerved. It is the reason why SSTs can keep stableover the South China Sea while they decrease quickly over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal aftermonsoon onset.     

南海粘土矿物组合特征及其环境意义

利用X射线衍射法(XRD)对南海12个海底表层沉积物和20个悬浮物样品中粘土矿物组成和分布特征进行了综合分析。结果表明:(1)研究区的表层沉积物粘土矿物以伊利石为主,其次为绿泥石、高岭石、伊/蒙间层矿物以及蒙皂石;悬浮物粘土矿物是以绿泥石为主,其次为高岭石、蒙皂石、伊利石以及伊/蒙间层矿物。(2)粘土矿物的组成和分布特征主要受气候条件、物质来源、水动力条件及相互间稀释作用的制约。伊利石的含量随离岸距离和水深的增加呈增大趋势;高岭石则在近岸区特别是河口区富集;绿泥石在西部沿岸海区的含量较低,在东部岛弧和北部台湾岛附近海区的含量较高;蒙皂石与火山作用密切相关,在东部火山岛弧附近海区含量较高。(3)粘土沉积物的来源以河流输入为主,海洋自生和风尘搬运对该区的沉积影响不大。(4)深海悬浮物粘土矿物的组成变化能够很好地指示短尺度气候环境的变迁,伊利石的结晶程度对气候和环境变化反映灵敏,其随所处环境的压力增大而变差。     

南海北部表层沉积物中黏土和碎屑矿物组成及其地质意义

以X-射线衍射仪和偏光显微镜为主要手段,对南海调查区表层底质沉积物中黏土和碎屑矿物组分进行分析和研究,结果表明黏土矿物主要有伊利石、蒙皂石、高岭石和绿泥石,其组合特征在不同区域表现出明显的差异。碎屑成分主要由生物壳(钙质和硅质)、轻矿物(石英、长石为主)和含量低但种类多的重矿物组成。一般认为物质来源是调查区沿岸风化岩石遭受进一步剥蚀后细小组分通过水动力搬运沉积而成的。钙质和硅质生物壳分布受南海碳酸盐补偿深度(CCD)的控制。     

近3万年来南海北部碳酸盐旋回及古气候意义

选取2005年"海洋四号"在南海北部海域溶跃面之上获得的ZHS-176柱状样品,分析了其碳酸钙的含量,结果表明,南海北部海域近3万年来碳酸盐含量在间冰阶时较高,冰阶时降低,其旋回特征自下而上主要分为5个阶段:(Ⅰ)末次冰期以来,碳酸钙含量偏低;(Ⅱ)冰消期,碳酸钙含量升高,出现第一个高峰;(Ⅲ)早冰后期,碳酸钙含量明显降低,出现低谷;(Ⅳ)中冰后期,碳酸钙含量升高,出现第二个高峰;(Ⅴ)晚冰后期,碳酸钙含量略微降低。ZHS-176柱碳酸盐含量变化总体表现出"大西洋型旋回"的特征,但在早冰后期,尤其是在8.5~7.5 ka B P时出现了一次明显的低钙事件,可能与陆源物质输入增加以及深海溶解作用增强有关。     

Sedimentology, stratigraphic occurrence and origin of linked debrites in the West Crocker Formation (Oligo-Miocene), Sabah, NW Borneo

The West Crocker Formation (Oligocene–Early Miocene), NW Borneo, consists of a large (>20 000 km²) submarine fan deposited as part of an accretionary complex. A range of gravity-flow deposits are observed, the most significant of which are mud-poor, massive sandstones interpreted as turbidites and clast-rich, muddy sandstones and sandy mudstones interpreted as debrites. An upward transition from turbidite to debrite is commonly observed, with the contact being either gradational and planar, or sharp and highly erosive. Based on their repeated vertical relationship and the nature of the contact between them, these intervals are interpreted as being deposited from one flow event which consisted of two distinct flow phases: fully turbulent turbidity current and weakly turbulent to laminar debris flow. The associated bed is called a co-genetic turbidite–debrite, with the upper debrite interval termed a linked debrite. Linked debrites are best developed in the non-channellised parts of the fan system, and are absent to poorly-developed in the proximal channel-levee and distal basin floor environments. Due to outcrop limitations, the genesis of linked debrites within the West Crocker Formation is unclear. Based on clast size and type, it seems likely that a weakly turbulent to laminar debris-flow flow phase was present when the flow event entered the basin. A change in flow behaviour may have led to deposition of a sand-rich unit with ‘turbidite’ characteristics, which was subsequently overlain by a mud-rich unit with ‘debrite’ characteristics. Flow transformation may have been enhanced by the disintegration and incorporation into the flow of muddy clasts derived from the upstream channel floor, channel mouth or from channel-levee collapse. Lack of preservation of this debrite in proximal areas may indicate either bypass of this flow phase or that the available outcrops fail to capture the debris flow entry point. Establishing robust sedimentological criteria from a variety of datasets may lead to the increasing recognition of co-genetic turbidite-debrite beds, and an increased appreciation of the importance of bipartite flows in the transport and deposition of sediments in deepwater environments.     

南海S08-57站柱样岩心地球化学特征及古海洋学意义

对南海S08-57站柱样岩心的CaCO3、SiO2、Al2O3、TFe2O3、MgO、CaO、Na2O、K2O、TiO2、P2O5、MnO、Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni、Ba、Sr、Rb、V、Cr、La、Ce和Ta的含量变化进行了分析;根据CaCO3含量变化建立了碳酸钙地层时标,提出了南海碳酸钙地层学的SB4.0事件,进一步完善了南海标准碳酸钙地层学时标;讨论了沉积物地球化学特征及古海洋学意义。结果表明,S08-57柱样岩心的SB3.33m事件附近存在一次强碳酸盐沉积,Al2O3、TiO2、Nb、SiO2、K2O、Ta、La、Rb、Ce、MgO、Zn、TFe2O3、Na2O、V、Pb和Cr的沉积曲线与CaCO3近似呈镜像关系。     

南海西缘断裂带的地球物理特征及其构造地质意义

南海西缘断裂带以8°N为界分为南北两段。主断裂是一条形成于中生代的基底断裂,在新生代为持续活动的断裂带,并控制了沿断裂带及其邻近分布的新生代盆地的发育。断裂带内无磁性的高密度岩体属于印支期或燕山第1,4,5期之中的某一期花岗岩侵入体,它很可能是燕山晚期的产物。该断裂带的基底断裂在万安盆地的延伸段位于盆地中部;万安盆地东缘断裂带是新生代以来受盆地中部基底断裂右行走滑的扭张应力作用,在盆地东部边缘引发断陷而形成的。