A preliminary study on mean-field decomposition

Two kinds of the empirical orthogonal function analysis method for decomposing the mean-field are developed and a comparison is made between them. It is proved that the mean-field can be decomposed using eigenvectors obtained from anomaly-field decomposition, and that more information can be obtained. An example of sea bottom mean temperature analysis shows its remarkable effect in depicting the distribution features of various factors, such as cold water mass, currents and radiation.A few problems concerning the efficiency of the method are discussed and two matrices of relationship which represent the space-time characteristics of the field are derived. The formulae of space-time transformation are obtained conveniently.     

Ultrastructural study of oogenesis in Xiamen amphioxus

ＵｌｔｒａｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｏｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓｉｎＸｉａｍｅｎａｍｐｈｉｏｘｕｓ￥ＦａｎｇＹｏｎｇｑｉａｎｇａｎｄＱｉＸｉａｎｇ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＡｐｒｉｌ１０，１９９３；ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄＪｕｌｙ９，１９９３）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：─—Ｕ...     

Numerical study of rapid cyclogenesis over sea

A five-layer primitive equation model was used in the study of rapid cyclogenesis over sea. The numerical simulations show that'the Tibetan Plateau, large-scale baroclinicity and heat flux from the sea surface are the three important agents to produce cyclonic vorticity along the east coast of China. The diagnostic computation of a 24 h control simulation indicates that the nonlinear vorticity advec-tion, baroclinicity and diabatic heating are also responsible for the development of the extratropical cyclones over seas.     

Notes Ecological study of macrobenthos in Fuqing Bay

ＮｏｔｅｓＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｍａｃｒｏｂｅｎｔｈｏｓｉｎＦｕｑｉｎｇＢａｙ￥／／ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｓｔｕｄｙＯｆｍａｃｒｏｂｅｎｔｈｏｓｈａｓｎｏｔｂｅｅｎｒｅＰＯｒｔｅｄｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｍａｒｉｎｅ...     

A preliminary study on genesis of the Qiongzhou Straits

The active period of the faults in the Qiongzhou Straits occurred principally in the Tertiary. The rupture zone is situated in the nearly E-W striking tectonic lowland between the Leizhou Peninsula and the Hainan Island, which was preformed by the southward and northward compressions due to the expansion of the South China Sea Basin. During the interglacial periods in the Quaternary, the lowland was inundated and deepened gradually due to erosion by sea curfent. It was until the last uprising of sea level during the postglacial period that the Qiongzhou Straits assumed its present appearance.     

The study of sea ice classification by radar observation

In order to mornitor the floating sea ice along the northeast coast of the Liaodong Gulf, since the winter of 1986, the Sea Ice Research Division of the Institute of Marine Enironmental Protection, State Oceanic Administration, has been making tests on the classification of sea ice in the Liaodong Gulf with radar at the Ice-survey Station at Bayuquan (Fig. 1 ).     

Genetical study on the parthenogenesis in Laminaria japonica

The parthenogenesis and natural doubling of chromosomes in wild type female gametophytes of Laminaria japonica were studied. The results indicate that not all the female gametophytes from the wild type hybrid parent can propagate through parthenogenesis. Most parthenosporophytes can mature, their spores germinate into gametophytes, the latter then developed into female sporophytes. To form these parthenosporophytes the natural doubling of chromosomes occurred mainly at the first and second cell divisions of the spores. It is thus considered that the parthenogenesis of L. japonica is inheritable and the relative genes link closely with the genes controlling the natural doubling of chromosomes and the female determination.     

Ecological study on Ostracoda in the central South China Sea

ＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｓｔｕｄｙｏｎＯｓｔｒａｃｏｄａｉｎｔｈｅｃｅｎｔｒａｌＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ￥ＣｈｅｎＲｕｉｘｉａｎｇａｎｄＬｉｎＪｉｎｈｏｎｇ（ＴｈｉｒｄＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｃｅａｎｏｇｒａｐｌｙ，ＳｔａｔｅＯｃｅａｎｉｃＡｄｍｉｎｉ...     

A study on the biology of Cultellus scalprum

Ａ　ｓｔｕｄｙ　ｏｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｂｉｏｌｏｇｙ　ｏｆ　Ｃｕｌｔｅｌｌｕｓ　ｓｃａｌｐｒｕｍＣｈｅｎＰｉｎｊｉａｎ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＪｕｌｙ８，１９９５ｉａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄＯｃｔｏｂｅｒ２０，１９９５）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｒｅｐｏｒｔｓｉｎ...     

A study on relation between heterotrophic bacteria and shrimp disease

Ａ　ｓｔｕｄｙ　ｏｎ　ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎ　ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ　ｈｅｔｅｒｏｔｒｏｐｈｉｃ　ｂａｃｔｅｒｉａ　ａｎｄ　ｓｈｒｉｍｐ　ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ￥／／ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＨｅｔｅｒｏｔｒｏｐｈｉｃｂａｃｔｅｒｉａ，ｗｈｉｃｈｏｂｔａｉｎｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔ...     

A dynamic study of explosive cyclogeneses developments over the ocean

1 IwrRODUcrIONIt is necessary to understand disastrous weather systems as the activities of exploitingand uti1izing marine resources, especialIy for the needs of navigation and oil-gas prospecting.Typhoon is the most frequent and dangerous disastrous weather system in summer-autumnseason in the Nolthwest Pacific Ocean. The explosive cyclogenesis developing quickly overocean is the most terrible weather system in winteL The explosive cycnogenesis grows fastwith high intensity of violent wi…     

An SEM study on Mullet gill filament material and methods

The investigation was performed on 4 Mullets (27～49 cm long and weighing 225～1 500 g each) of both sexes from the waters off Tianjin. Small pieces of the gills were sliced and immersionfixed in a buffer mixture of 1.5% glutaraldehyde, 1.5% paraformaldehyde and 0.1 mol/dm~3 phosphate for at least 24 h. After fixation in phosphate buffered 1% O_(?)O_4 at 4 ℃ for 1 h, the tissues were     

A numerical study for some efficient time-integration schemes using barotropic equations

Three kinds of methods, i. e., explicit, semi-implicit, and semi-implicit and semi-Lagrangian method, are tested in the time-integration of shallow-water equations on rotating sphere. Helpful results are available from experiments, especially about the accuracy and efficiency of different semi-implicit and semi-Lagrangian schemes.     

Preliminary study on the dynamic mechanism of the deep equatorial jets

Ｐｒｅｌｉｍｉｎａｒｙｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅｄｙｎａｍｉｃｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆｔｈｅｄｅｅｐｅｑｕａｔｏｒｉａｌｊｅｔｓ￥ＷｕＤｅｘｉｎｇ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＤｅｃｅｍｂｅｒ１５，１９９３；ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄＭａｒｃｈ７，１９９４）（Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏ...     

Investigation and study on deep-sea cosmic spherules from the North Pacific

This paper presents the collecting methods of the deep-sea cosmic spherules and three major results analysed with various instruments, and especially indicates that iron spherule with golden Ni-Fe core and silicate spherule with golden Ni-Fe-S inclusion in deep-sea sediments are of significance for further understanding of the origin of the deep-sea spherules.     

A study on the source of the Tsushima Warm Current water

On the basis of the hydrographic data in the area west of Kyushu from four cruises of R/V Xiangyanghong No. 9 from 1987 to 1988 , the circulation features in the investigation area are described and the source of the Tsushima Warm Current water (TWCW) is explored by using the observed and geostrophic current results and tracking the Kuroshio Subsurface High Salinity Core (KSHSC).     

A study of ecology of Chaetognaths in the Western Taiwan Strait

This study is based on 172 planktonic samples collected by vertical hauls of planktonic net from the bottom to the surface in the Western Taiwan Strait (116°40′～120°30′E, 22°22′. 9～26°43′N) in four seasonal months from May 1984 to February 1985.     

The study of mixing rates and sedimentation rates in Meizhou Bay sediments

-The applicability of the doubie-layer model for 210Pb chronology in coastal marine environments was discussed,which is successfully used in the study of mixing rates and sedimentation rates in Meizhou Bay. Differences among sedimentation rates deduced from 210Pb, 210Po, and 137Cs were compared. Mixing rates in the sediment surface layer were determined by means of excess 234Th.     

A coupled ice-ocean model for the Bohai Sea Ⅱ. Case study

The coupled ice-ocean model for the Bohai Sea is used for simulating the freezing, melting, and variation of ice cover and the heat balance at the sea-ice, air-ice, and air-sea interfaces of the Bohai Sea during the entire winter in 1998-1999 and 2000-2001. The coupled model is forced by real time numerical weather prediction fields. The results show that the thermodynamic effects of atmosphere and ocean are very important for the evolvement of ice in the Bohai Sea, especially in the period of ice freezing and melting. Ocean heat flux plays a key role in the thermodynamic coupling. The simulation also presents the different thermodynamic features in the ice covered region and the marginal ice zone. Ice thickness, heat budget at the interface, and surface sea temperature, etc. between the two representative points are discussed.     

Composition index of n-alkanes and paleoenvironmental study in sediments of the Arctic

INTRODUcrIO\The Arctic plays a tyP1cal role 1n regulating the global climate. AlthOugh it is 1ocated inthe high latitude with extremely low temperature similar to that of the isolated continent of theAntarctic, it is surrounded by land where Eskimo lives. The stirrounded land of North Pole be-longs to the tetritory of me countries of EuroPe, Asia and North AInerica. Thus ecologicaland natural enviroament in the AIctic and sub--arctic area has much closer interactions withrnankind cor…