SPOT图象的解析立体测图

本文讨论了适合于SPOT图象的用光束法平差解算外方位元素的数学模型;介绍了在国产解析测图仪APS—1上进行SOPT图象立体测图的方法;研究了SPOT投影方式的实时循环程序LOOP及SPOT图象的测图软件包。     

复制方法对正射影象地图细部判读的影响

欧洲摄影测量实验研究组织协会第五委员会,就复制技术对正射影象细部判读的影响进行了广泛的调查研究。利用奥地利的一个试验区域,制作了比例尺为1∶5000、1∶10000、1∶25000的正射影象地图;确定了正射影象的细部范围;制定了复制方法(溴化重氮法、网点胶印和随机网点印刷)的说明;比较了各学科用户的各种评价;以及考虑到复制技术的应用,比较了影象各种细部对人的感知程度。     

摄影测量和数字图象处理的某些进展

本文从王之卓教授关于“数字图象处理将是摄影测量的一个新的作业领域”的观点出发,介绍了用数字图象处理的方法解决摄影测量问题方面的某些进展,主要是:快速数字微分纠正,影象增强与镶嵌,数字立体正射影象图,LANDSAT和SPOT卫星图象的参量估计与星历数据的利用。     

制作正射影象图及有关问题的探讨

由航摄象片制作的影象图，兼有航空象片和地形图两者的优点，在国外使用较普遍，国内也深受各有关经济部门的欢迎，本文拟结合我局的生产实际，介绍正射影象图的制作，并就生产中出现的问题进行探讨，提出解决问题的方法。     

摄影测量测图的全数字化道路

摄影测量自动化可以通过数字化来实现。然而,大量数据处理的速度和影象相关的可靠性却是有待解决的关键问题。本文提出的全数字化测图方案具有如下特点:(1) 有效地利用空中三角测量资料于数字影象定向和灰度的核线排列,从而减轻计算工作量;(2) 兼顾可靠性与精度两方面,采取了合理的二维目标区形式;(3) 采用多重判据的新方法代替通常的单一判据,以获取可靠的影象区配;(4) 通过视差信号处理剔除粗差;(5) 可在数字纠正制作正射影象地图中加入汉字注记。     

制作彩色正射影象图产生色偏因素的分析及设想

本文以颜色科学的三原色理论为基础。系统地分析了生产彩色正射影象图形成色偏的主要因素。总结并归纳了在制作彩色正射影象图过程中,色彩适宜的三色密度值所遵循的一般规律。提出了用三色密度量测制作彩色正射影象图的作业方法。     

制作彩色正射影象图产生色贪偏因素的分析及设想

本文以颜色科学的三原色理论为基础。系统地分析了生产彩色正射影象图形成色偏的主要因素。总结并归纳了在制作彩色正射影象图过程中，色彩适宜的三色密度值所遵循的一般规律。提出了用三色密度量测制作彩色正射影象图的作业方法。     

利用正射影像生成立体辅助影像方法比较

通过引入投影视差光线,在数字正射影像上制作立体辅助影像,并与原正射影像共同构建立体正射影像对,产生与实地相似的几何模型,进行立体观察与量测,可解决建筑物等细部高度的量测问题。本文介绍了利用正射影像生成立体正射影像对的基本原理,对引入投影视差光线的三种函数模型进行了探讨,给出了成果精度检验及分析结论。     

全数字自动化测图系统软件包

全数字自动化测图系统软件包（SODAMS）历时五年已于武汉测绘科技大学研制成功。SODAMS——小型计算机NOVA 3上的离线数字相关测图系统能够利用由滚筒扫描仪——SCANDIG 3数字化的影象生产数字高程模型与带等高线的正射影象图。本文首先讨论了SODAMS的主要组成，例如数字影象的定向、沿核线重采样、数字影象匹配、相关结果的粗差剔除、建立DEM、绘制等高线和数字纠正等等以及它们的特点。为了测试SODAMS的功能与DEM的精度，处理了影象质量较好、中等山区的四个模型。RMS Z达到0.25‰H．由SODAMS产生的数据也成功地完成了对正射投影仪OR-1的驱动。     

数字正射影像图在土地利用动态监测中的应用

以山东省潍坊市为例,介绍了利用法国SPOT5 2.5 m全色和10 m多光谱数据制作正射遥感影像图的方法,以及利用两期数字正射影像图进行土地利用动态监测的方法.并对潍坊市2004年度变化监测结果进行了分析.     

基于稀少控制点的SPOT5卫星立体条带影像的生产应用研究

随着相关技术的发展,高分辨率卫星遥感影像在测绘产品生产中的应用越来越广泛和深入。本文主要通过西部无图区测图的应用实践,讨论利用有理多项式方法、基于稀少控制点纠正的SPOT5HRS立体条带影像的测图生产情况,并对DLG、DEM等产品进行精度检测;同时与传统的航摄方法进行对比,分析其生产效率等情况。     

利用SPOT影像制作立体正射影像图的研究

本文论述了利用ＳＰＯＴ影像制作立体正射影像图的基本原理。阐述了利用数字微分纠正方法制作正射影像图和视差匹配影像图的基本方法。最后利用我国西南高山地区１ＡＰ级ＳＰＯＴ影像制作了一幅１：１００ ０００比例尺的立体正射影像图。     

SPOT卫星1AP级图像测图方法的研究

本文分析了1AP级图像的测图特点,讨论了控制SPOT图像实时定位的两种方法:直接多项式摸拟法和实时格网改正法,解决了割面坐标系基础上高程输入控制的问题。最后,在解析测图仪APS—1上利用我国西南地区的一个1AP级立体像对进行了试验,取得了一些有益的结论。     

Epipolar resampling of linear pushbroom satellite imagery by a new epipolarity model

This paper presents a practical epipolarity model for high-resolution linear pushbroom satellite images acquired in either along-track or cross-track mode, based on the projection reference plane in object space. A new method for epipolar resampling of satellite stereo imagery based on this model is then developed. In this method, the pixel-to-pixel relationship between the original image and the generated epipolar image is established directly by the geometric sensor model. The approximate epipolar images are generated in a manner similar to digital image rectification. In addition, by arranging the approximate epipolar lines on the defined projection reference plane, a stereoscopic model with consistent ground sampling distance and parallel to the object space is thus available, which is more convenient for three-dimensional measurement and interpretation. The results obtained from SPOT5, IKONOS, IRS-P5, and QuickBird stereo images indicate that the generated epipolar images all achieve high accuracy. Moreover, the vertical parallaxes at check points are at sub-pixel level, thus proving the feasibility, correctness, and applicability of the method.     

SPOT5与ERS-2卫星影像的联合立体定位

本文将SPOT5与ERS-2卫星影像联立构成一组立体像对,并通过立体定位的方式获取了地面点的三维坐标。根据本文立体像对前方交会的特殊几何图形,推导了立体定位理论精度的计算公式,并利用实验验证了公式的正确性,同时分析了影响立体定位精度的主要因素。实验结果表明,联合具有一定重叠度的SPOT5和ERS-2影像进行立体定位具有很强的可行性,其精度已可以满足部分测绘任务的要求。     

PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING FROM SPOT IMAGERY

SPOT-1, launched on 22nd February, 1986, has provided the first opportunity to produce topographic maps from space on an operational basis. The use of SPOT imagery can be justified because of reduced costs and reduced lead times for map production. However SPOT imagery cannot be handled in the same way as conventional photography and it requires new procedures to be adopted, The two main reasons for this are the large area covered by each image and the dynamic form of sensing. The procedures discussed in this paper have been implemented in a working system for map compilation.     

Mapping trees in high resolution imagery across large areas using locally variable thresholds guided by medium resolution tree maps

Large area tree maps, important for environmental monitoring and natural resource management, are often based on medium resolution satellite imagery. These data have difficulty in detecting trees in fragmented woodlands, and have significant omission errors in modified agricultural areas. High resolution imagery can better detect these trees, however, as most high resolution imagery is not normalised it is difficult to automate a tree classification method over large areas. The method developed here used an existing medium resolution map derived from either Landsat or SPOT5 satellite imagery to guide the classification of the high resolution imagery. It selected a spatially-variable threshold on the green band, calculated based on the spatially-variable percentage of trees in the existing map of tree cover. The green band proved more consistent at classifying trees across different images than several common band combinations. The method was tested on 0.5 m resolution imagery from airborne digital sensor (ADS) imagery across New South Wales (NSW), Australia using both Landsat and SPOT5 derived tree maps to guide the threshold selection. Accuracy was assessed across 6 large image mosaics revealing a more accurate result when the more accurate tree map from SPOT5 imagery was used. The resulting maps achieved an overall accuracy with 95% confidence intervals of 93% (90–95%), while the overall accuracy of the previous SPOT5 tree map was 87% (86–89%). The method reduced omission errors by mapping more scattered trees, although it did increase commission errors caused by dark pixels from water, building shadows, topographic shadows, and some soils and crops. The method allows trees to be automatically mapped at 5 m resolution from high resolution imagery, provided a medium resolution tree map already exists.     

基于RPC模型的线阵卫星影像核线排列及其几何关系重建

针对核线影像无几何模型的问题,提出基于有理多项式系数(Rational Polynomial Coefficient,RPC)模型,利用投影轨迹法制作线阵推扫式卫星核线影像及其几何模型的重建方法。利用SPOT 5 HRG、CBERS 2-03异轨立体像对和SPOT 5 HRSI、RS P5、GeoEyeI、KONOS同轨立体像对重建的核线影像几何模型上下视差的中误差在0.2个像元之内;利用重建几何模型和原始影像几何模型进行前方交会计算所得到的地面点平面中误差在1 m之内,高程中误差在0.3 m之内,验证了本文方法的可靠性。     

遥感图像数据复合方法

遥感图像数据复合是将多种遥感图像数据融合成一种新的图像数据的技术 ,是目前遥感应用分析的前沿 ,它主要包括几何配准和彩色变换两个方面的内容。几何配准采用相对配准和绝对配准两种方法 ;彩色变换采用 RGB彩色系统和 IHS彩色系统之间的变换。对SPOT和 TM图像数据进行复合实验 ,获得了一种新的复合图像。     

Assessment of SPOT 5 and QuickBird remotely sensed imagery for mapping tree cover in savannas

The relative abundance and distribution of trees in savannas has important implications for ecosystem function. High spatial resolution satellite sensors, including QuickBird and IKONOS, have been successfully used to map tree cover patterns in savannas. SPOT 5, with a 2.5 m panchromatic band and 10 m multispectral bands, represents a relatively coarse resolution sensor within this context, but has the advantage of being relatively inexpensive and more widely available. This study evaluates the performance of NDVI threshold and object based image analysis techniques for mapping tree canopies from QuickBird and SPOT 5 imagery in two savanna systems in southern Africa. High thematic mapping accuracies were obtained with the QuickBird imagery, independent of mapping technique. Geometric properties of the mapping indicated that the NDVI threshold produced smaller patch sizes, but that overall patch size distributions were similar. Tree canopy mapping using SPOT 5 imagery and an NDVI threshold approach performed poorly, however acceptable thematic accuracies were obtained from the object based image analysis. Although patch sizes were generally larger than those mapped from the QuickBird image data, patch size distributions mapped with object based image analysis of SPOT 5 have a similar form to the QuickBird mapping. This indicates that SPOT 5 imagery is suitable for regional studies of tree canopy cover patterns.