利用钻孔形变测量介质中应力场——有关地应力测定中的元件和测量数据处理的讨论

在坑道中或地表上,对地壳形变所进行的各种观测,是了解地下应力活动的重要手段。目前,国内外开展在岩石中钻孔进行应力测定存在的问题,是受局部偶然因素的影响较大,需要注意克服。 求取地下岩体中的实际应力值,不仅是地震预报工作的需要,也是建筑、水坝、隧道、     

Measurement of six degree-of-freedom ground motion by using eight accelerometers

A new integrated measuring system with eight force-balance accelerometers is proposed to obtain a direct measurement of six degree-of freedom （DOF） ground motions, including three rotational and three actual translational acceleration components without gyroscopes. In the proposed measuring system, the relationship between the output from eight force-balance accelerometer and the six DOF motion of the measuring system under an earthquake are described by differential equations. These equations are derived from the positions and directions of the eight force-balance accelerometers in the measuring system. The third-order Runge-Kutta algorithm is used to guarantee the accuracy of the numerical calculation. All the algorithms used to compute the six DOF components of the ground motion are implemented in a real-time in Digital Signal Processor （DSP）. The distortion of the measured results caused by position and direction errors of the accelerometers in the measuring system are reduced by multiplying a compensation coefficient C to the output and subtracting static zero drift from the measured results, respectively.     

机场跑道磁偏角测量

磁偏角是机场建设中一个重要的测量数据,《民用机场勘测规范》（2008）要求磁偏角的测量精度优于0.1°,而目前教科书和有关测量规范并未给出相关方案。本文描述了某机场磁偏角施测的技术过程：根据当地磁偏角的日变特征,选取每日6：00—8：30及17：30—19：30进行观测,测距400 m;连续2天共测得29个观测数据,数据标准差为1.93',与机场跑道外侧草坪内2个观测点的磁偏角相差3.93',均小于0.1°,说明本次观测数据稳定可信,观测成果满足技术指标。     

微火箭电场仪的原理及其应用

介绍一种新型的雷雨云电场探测仪器---微火箭电场仪 ,由直径为 55mm×760mm农用消雹小火箭改装而成 .它利用导体在电场中感应电荷原理 ,由电场传感器、测量线路、1 680MHz遥测发射机及天线组成 .仪器特点是结构简单、高密集、超小型、快速机动、低功耗、低成本 .此仪器于 1 998年年初试飞成功 .电场探测范围 1- 1 0 0kV/m .探测高度为7 5km左右 .主要用于飞行器升空安全保障 ,以及气象部门对雷电、冰雹的探测和预警     

分量核旋仪补偿电流选定方法的研究

通过对核旋仪分量补偿测量原理与磁偏角补偿测量原理的推导,得出对分量补偿电流与偏置补偿电流进行选定的数学方法,并将这种选定方法应用到新一代数字化分量核旋仪的设计中。实际应用表明该方法选定精确、方便适用。     

Construction of GPS MonitoringNetwork,Characteristics of RecentCrustal Movement,and Relationbetween Stress Field andEarthquake Activity in the NingxiaRegion

INT正ODU**!0厂Nln以la Is located In the nol’th segmentdthe North－southselsnuc Belt,Whlchls thejuncturedthe Qinghai－Xizang(Dbet)block,Alxa block and Odos block．In that region,the tectonic activity。svery strong;。y strong earthquakes occu。d In history,such as the 1739 ingluo M。8．0 earthqu拙eandl920 Halyuan M。8．5 eafthquake,etc．; Merately strongeaFthquakes are still veryactlve atpresent,onlyln the Wuzhong－un斟m area,there have been7 e血hquakes tvlth M。＞5．0 to occ…     

铀矿找矿中α径迹测量方法的影响因素研究

我国于1974年开始将核径迹探测技术应用于铀矿勘探,其中α径迹测量是寻找深部隐伏铀矿的有效方法之一.本文对氡浓度大小、探杯尺寸、杯内表面放射性沉积物以及杯内底面固体放射性元素等对α径迹测量结果的影响进行了理论研究,建立了α径迹测量中不同装置结构及不同放射性元素对α径迹密度影响的理论公式,为该方法应用于铀矿勘探以及环境氡浓度测量提供理论参考依据.同时结合实验对比测量,进一步对理论公式进行验证,α径迹测量结果与理论计算所得结果吻合较好.研究结果表明：探测器上α径迹主要来源于氡,探杯尺寸不应小于氡致α径迹的最大有效探测尺寸.此外,放射性沉积物放出的α射线对测量结果有重要积极贡献,在铀矿勘探中,从提高探测灵敏度和减小测量结果不确定度的角度来看,其影响越大越好.在大多数测量装置尺寸下,探杯内底面以下的固态α放射性元素对径迹密度影响较小或无影响,实际测量时可将其忽略.     

大型振动台模型的相对位移测量

本文指出目前在大型振动台的模型试验中相对位移测量存在的问题,提出了一种新的,有效的测量方案,并指出相对位移测量的重要性。     

图像边缘检测方法在地震剖面同相轴自动检测中的应用研究

为了提高地震剖面的信噪比和分辨率,使同相轴容易识别和追踪,便于地震资料解释,应用图像边缘检测方法检测地震剖面的同相轴.通过对比各种边缘检测方法对地震剖面的边缘检测效果,确定使用Canny算子对地震剖面进行边缘检测.但边缘检测的结果是灰度突变区域的包络线,并不能直接作为同相轴检测结果.根据地层反射同相轴灰度值较大这一特性,提取强灰度包络线的中轴作为同相轴的检测追踪结果,得到了正确的同相轴检测结果.并经过消除检测结果中的斑点边缘后,使同相轴显示更加清晰.     

山西定襄地震台FH-463A与BHC-336定标器测氡仪系统观测数据对比

对山西定襄地震台2套FD-125氡钍分析器及其配套定标器分别为FH-463A与BHC-336的测氡仪系统,从定标器阈值设定、观测数据稳定性及数据一致性方面,开展定标器阈值设定对比试验和水氡测值同步对比观测。结果表明:FH-463A定标器测氡仪系统水氡数据标准误差更小,精度更高,稳定性更佳;BHC-336定标器阈值为0.7 V的测氡仪系统,其主样和副样的标准偏差和均值标准误差最小,较其他阈值观测数据稳定;BHC-336定标器与FH-463A定标器分别使用0.7 V阈值和2.0 V阈值,其测氡仪系统水氡观测数据的同步性和稳定性较好。按2014年修订的学科规范,确定BHC-336定标器选择0.7 V阈值时可获取稳定的观测数据。     

QY型倾角仪瞬态反应测试方法的研究

本文介绍了QY型倾角仪的输入不同持续时间的单个半正弦流和单个方波情况下瞬态反应的测试方法及测试结果并与仿真结果进行了比较，证明了该仪器可用于动倾角和动态挠度的测量。     

一种测试动三轴试样泊松比的方法

利用非接触式位移传感器研制了一套测量动三轴试样径向变形的装置。针对试样两端透水石对试样径向变形的约束,推导了对实测径向变形的修正关系。利用径向与轴向变形测量装置,就可以依据实测动三轴试样的轴向与径向变形确定其泊松比。通过橡胶、饱和细砂、饱和软粘土试样固结不排水动三轴试验与结果分析,说明利用这里提出的方法可以比较客观地确定动三轴试样的泊松比。这里的研究结果还表明,固结后的饱和三轴土样在不排水条件下受振动应力作用时,当其轴向动应变从10-5增大至10-3时,泊松比的变化基本为一常数,且与固结压力的大小无关,将其取为接近0.5是合理的。     

体应变数据与水位干扰的定量校正方法

体积式应变测量仪，是高精度测量测点附近地应力相对变化的仪器，同时也记录了各种干扰所产生的力对探头的影响，尤其是地下流水作业闰变化比较大的时候，对体应变曲线影非常明显，只有把这明显的干扰进行数据处理，才能获得可靠的地震前兆信息，本文通过实例说明，采用局部曲线校正法进行数据处理，可以取得较为理想的效果。     

Experimental errors of measurements of vertical geomagnetic gradients in the stratosphere

The errors of measurements of vertical geomagnetic gradients at altitudes of 20–40 km, using a balloon magnetic gradiometer with a 6-km-long measuring base oriented along gravity, have been studied in the work. The errors related to the deviation of the measuring base position relative to the vertical have been studied during the real balloon flight with the help of the navigation GPS receivers. The deviations of the measuring base within 5°, which can sometimes reach 15°, have been obtained. This results in a decrease in the magnetic gradient measurement accuracy due to the errors introduced in the specification of the normal magnetic field used to detect magnetic anomalies. To eliminate this error, a GPS receiver was built in each magnetometer in order to observe magnetometers during synchronous measurements and to correct the measurements for the normal magnetic field. It has been indicated that the effect of deviations of the measuring base position on the results is not more than 2% of the measured value at such organization of a gradiometer.     

土壤氡在海口活断层的试验测量.

使用德国脉冲电离室测氡仪,在海口已知全新世活断层上进行了一条剖面土壤氡试验测量,测量点距为10m,异常点附近加密为5m,测量结果显示高值异常点位与断层位置相吻合,说明仪器测量质量和效果较高,测量装置合理,为今后工作积累了经验.     

用参考台技术计算大地电磁张量阻抗

Gaubau等人于1978年提出的参考台技术,从理论上完全消除了计算张量阻抗时所具有的偏倚误差。但在实际测量中,参考台的距离多大才合适,尚无定论。本文所给的实例,采取了固定主测台、移动参考台的方法。结果表明,参考台距离从20 km变到40 km不会给测量结果带来明显的变化。     

光电液位传感器及其在桥梁挠度自动测量中的应用

挠度是反映桥梁线性变化的重要参数,光电液位传感器是一种新型的连通管液位检测传感器,它的测量精度能达到0.1mm。将光电液位传感器、连通管、485总线、RS485/232转换卡、计算机等组成桥梁挠度自动测量系统,能够对大型桥梁挠度进行多点、长期、在线、远程、自动监测且不受桥梁现场高尘、高湿和浓雾的影响。目前,该系统已经成功应用到重庆大佛寺长江大桥上,测量结果表明可以准确获取桥梁的挠度信息,测量的挠度值能够真实反映桥梁的挠度变化,是一种有效的桥梁挠度自动测量方法。     

Self-governing profiling system

A self-governing profiling system with a depth capability of 100 m has been developed for measuring flow velocity, temperature, salinity, and turbidity of water in the near-bottom parts of shelf seas. In the system, a moving profiler unit holding the sensors for measuring the above parameters and depth and containing a data-recording device is made to move up and down, in cycles, along a mooring line. This motion of the profiler unit is governed by a self-contained microprocessor. The system has been field-tested: examples of recorded data are presented.     

Distance measurement with the aid of electromagnetic waves

Distance measurement with the aid of electromagnetic waves permits the determination of sides of any length with an accuracy equal or superior to that of a base length plus angular measurements. In conjunction with the automation of measurement and calculation, geodesy is now able to determine quickly and with high accuracy positions on the Earth's surface, and of objects on the surface or in outer space. Therefore, these procedures are of high importance to all geosciences.The theoretical fundamentals of the measuring procedures are described first. The form of the path curve and the determination of a representative wave velocity along this path curve are dealt with. The principles of the measuring instruments are explained, and a survey is given of the electro-optic and microwave instruments now available. Possible applications of the measuring procedures in geodesy and other sciences are discussed and applications in use are described.An outlook is provided on the future development of geodetic procedures for which electromagnetic distance measurement will play an important part.     

地磁场时空差异对磁测精度影响

通过对辽宁地区流动地磁的观测资料进行对比分析,研究探讨了影响磁测精度的各测点与通化台之间的通化距离、经度方向距离等因素对磁测精度的影响情况。为提高流动地磁观测的磁测精度提供了参考。