开启区块链地质应用新时代

人类已经叩响了区块链时代的大门,但在地质领域,区块链的应用几乎还处于空白的状态。哪怕是像深时数字地球(DDE)这样极具雄心的大科学项目,也没有意识到区块链技术有助于分散在科学家个人或实验室的“长尾数据”的有效收集和利用。地质科学信息是一个超大型共享数据库,需要许多人彼此信任去协作完成数据库的改写,区块链将是非常好的支撑技术。区块链基于其系统特性和智能合约提供有丰富交互接口,特别是其具有去中心化、不可篡改、隐私保护特性,为区块链技术在地质领域应用提供了重要的基础。地质勘查实物、资料、数据的溯源管理,面向更广泛科学共同体的长尾数据的收集,应该是区块链地质应用的重要突破口。地质通证使打造全球地质社区成为可能。     

区块链视角下地学数据共享研究

数据密集型科研范式下的地学数据共享是地学研究的重要内容.在分析地学数据特点、共享现状、现有问题以及区块链技术架构、基本原理、应用特点的基础上,探讨区块链技术在地学数据共享领域中的应用场景,以期地学机构能够借助区块链技术更好地管理数据资产、推动地学数据共享研究与应用.     

区块链技术在BIM构件管理领域的应用展望

正区块链技术作为一种去中心化的分布式数据库账本技术,具有不可伪造、全程留痕、集体维护等优势。本文分析区块链技术在以多用户创建、分布式质量验证、数据来源及去向可追溯为目标的BIM构件管理系统中的适用性,并探讨这类应用的基本数据结构,以期为BIM知识成果管理提供新思路。BIM构件管理现状在BIM技术应用工作中,非常重要的成果之一就是构件。构件作为组成BIM模型的基础单元,     

基于区块链技术推动地质调查项目智能化管理的思考

区块链技术作为一项前沿技术,具有去中心化、不易篡改、全程留痕、可追溯、集体维护、公开透明等特点,在科研项目的执行和管理中具有重要的潜在价值,可规范项目执行,提高项目成果的原创性,保障项目评审的公平性.将区块链技术与现行的地质调查项目管理融合可以推动项目的智能化管理.在全面梳理地质调查项目管理现状、不足和需求的基础上,以...     

“新基建”机遇下 传统设计单位服务转型的探索与实践

<正>近年来,互联网、大数据、云计算、人工智能、区块链等技术加速创新发展,日益融入经济社会发展各领域全过程。党的二十大报告在“加快构建新发展格局,着力推动高质量发展”专篇中提出,加快发展数字经济,促进数字经济和实体经济深度融合,打造具有国际竞争力的数字产业集群。随着“数字中国”“网络强国”和“新基建”等国家重大战略部署加快推进,企业积极推进数字化转型成为大势所趋。国务院国资委印发的《关于加快推进国有企业数字化转型工作的通知》,就推动国有企业数字化转型作出全面部署。与其他行业企业主要关注自身的管理数字化、生产数字化不同,传统设计院作为智力密集型的技术服务企业,     

加快推进新型建筑工业化和智能建造 促进建筑业高质量发展

正今年两会,全国人大代表、山东省住房和城乡建设厅厅长王玉志带来了《关于加快推进新型建筑工业化和智能建造促进建筑业高质量发展的建议》。王玉志指出,目前以人工智能、大数据、物联网、5G和区块链等为代表的新一代信息技术日臻成熟,并加速向各领域、各行业全面融合渗透,成为推动传统产业转型升级、可持续发展的重要驱动力。王玉志认为,在新型建筑工业化、智能建造发展方面,目前还存在一些短板:一是发展机制不够健全;二是产业支撑能力不够强;三是市场主体动力不够足。     

大庆油田齐家区块致密油水平井钻井提速技术

水平井技术是实现致密油开发的重要途径。自2013年开始,大庆油田在齐家、长垣等3个致密油区块开展了水平井井组开发先导性试验,其中齐家区块施工难度最大,针对该区块水平井水平段长、位移大的特点,及钻遇地层岩石可钻性差、三维扭方位难度大、机械钻速低、钻井周期长等主要技术难点,在分析地层特征的基础上,通过优化井身结构,井眼轨迹控制,优化三维井眼轨迹,开展个性化钻头、降摩减扭措施和配套工具的技术攻关及现场应用,初步形成了一套大庆油田齐家区块致密油水平井钻井提速技术,并取得了较好的应用效果,为大庆油田致密油长水平段水平井进一步提速及规模应用奠定了基础。     

虚拟现实技术在鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙区块的应用

虚拟现实技术是近几年发展起来的一门新兴的综合技术,简要介绍了虚拟现实的特点和国内外研究和应用现状,并以鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙区块为例,重点探讨了虚拟现实技术在该区地震资料构造解释和储层预测方面的应用。实践表明,运用该技术能够在交互的状态下实时完成层位的全三维自动追踪解释,并通过体透视、子体检测、地质异常体雕刻和属性提取等技术,研究储层空间展布特征进而预测含气富集部位。这一新技术在鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙区块应用结果显示,它可以减少地震资料解释的周期,增强三维解释的准确性,提高储层预测的效率,已取得了显著的地质效果,该技术在油气勘探中有广阔的应用前景。     

应用波阻抗地震技术准确评价胜坨油田砂砾岩分布

胜坨地区坨A区块位于东营凹陷内,属于岩性或岩性一构造油藏,并且靠近油源,区内探井坨A井试油产量达到了92.28t/d,是重点后备潜力区块。为了进一步落实区块的潜力,应用地震属性分析技术对区块内储层进行预测,定量地评价坨A区块的潜力。     

数字建造 智慧未来

正随着互联网、大数据、物联网、人工智能、区块链等数字技术的迅猛发展,作为国民经济支柱产业的建筑行业,其数字化转型已箭在弦上。在近期举办的中国数字建筑年度峰会(2019)上,与会嘉宾围绕建筑行业数字化转型升级的方向、商业生态系统重构及数字化可能带来的影响等当下热点话题展开了深入探讨。本期,本刊特别策划了"数字建     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861