共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
贝藻混养生态系统模拟实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
2013年4~6月,在室内采用实验生态学的方法进行了海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradias)和孔石莼(Ulva pertusavar)4种配比模式的混养实验。各实验组扇贝密度均为48只/m3,孔石莼密度分别为55、121、255和338g/m3。每周采样测定水体中营养盐(NH4-N、NO3-N、NO2-N、PO4-P)的含量及养殖生物的生长情况。扇贝与孔石莼的混养实验结果表明,在养殖系统中引入孔石莼可以改善养殖环境,扇贝和孔石莼的适宜混合比例为1︰1(贝肉湿质量:藻类湿质量)能取得较好的生态效应。 相似文献
2.
深澳湾海水养殖区水化因子的动态变化与水质量评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过2007年1—12月连续12个航次对深澳湾内网箱养殖区、太平洋牡蛎养殖区以及龙须菜-太平洋牡蛎混养区域等不同养殖水体每月一次的监测结果,分析了该养殖海区NH4-N、PO4-P等主要水化因子的时空分布规律,并利用营养状态质量指数对深澳湾水体进行了水质量评价。结果表明,深澳湾水域NH4-N、PO4-P的空间变化情况与地理位置和养殖活动有着很大的关系。湾外的S1站由于具有良好的水体交换条件,因此调查期间S1站的NH4-N、PO4-P在整个海区均为最低值;网箱养殖区的S5站受人为活动的影响较大,故该水域的NH4-N、PO4-P在整个海区内最高;S3站的低NH4-N、低PO4-P与其所养殖的龙须菜对营养盐的吸收有关,而同样是龙须菜养殖区的S2站,由于其所处位置水体较浅且正好位于两股海流的汇集处,水动力条件较好,因此S2站的NH4-N的含量较S3高一些。NH4-N、PO4-P的时间变化主要与养殖活动的季节性有关,如在龙须菜生长旺盛的春夏季节,水体中的NH4-N、PO4-P就处于一个较低的水平;而在9—11月,整个海区内的养殖以太平洋牡蛎与石斑鱼为主,因此这一季节的高氨高磷主要与养殖过程中的投饵有关。DIN组成中以NO3-N为主,占到了DIN总量的73.5%,其次是NH4-N,为21.0%。在整个调查期间,深澳湾整体水质良好,5个站点均达到了国家海水水质二类标准,12个月份中有9个月份的DIN和PO4-P达到了国家二类水质要求。营养状态质量指数分析结果显示,深澳湾养殖区各个监测站位的海水营养状态综合指数均处于2—3之间,属于P限制型中度营养。 相似文献
3.
南海北部沉积物间隙水中营养盐研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过2004年9月对南海北部6个站位的采样分析,探讨了间隙水的营养盐含量及其空间分布特征,估算了沉积物-海水界面营养盐的扩散通量。结果表明,NH4-N含量为8.9—142.3μmol.L-1,是南海北部间隙水中营养盐的主要组分,占溶解态无机氮的比例范围为49.1%—75.2%。在平面分布上,NH4-N含量表现为近海高于远海,PO4-P则差别不大。NH4-N、NO3-N、NO2-N和PO4-P在沉积物-海水界面的平均通量分别为7.08、-0.61、-0.51、0.14μmol.(m2.d)-1。NH4-N、PO4-P主要是从沉积物向上覆水扩散,是底层水体营养盐的来源之一。 相似文献
4.
无机氮浓度及其配比对细基江蓠繁枝变型生长及生化组成的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在实验室条件下分别研究了NO3--N和NH4 -N浓度及其配比对细基江蓠繁枝变型(Gracilariatenuistipitatavar.liuiZhangetXia)生长及生化组成的影响。结果表明,过低的NO3--N浓度(0,10μmol/L)或过高的NO3--N浓度(60,80μmol/L)、过低的NH4 -N浓度(0,2.5μmol/L)或过高的NH4 -N浓度(10,20,40μmol/L)、过低的NH4 -N/NO3--N比值(1/35,1/7)或过高的NH4 -N/NO3--N比值(3/7,4/7)条件下,江蓠均表现为生长速率明显减慢(P<0.05)、藻体内藻红素(PE)、叶绿素a、蛋白质含量显著降低(P<0.05);而分别在NO3--N20μmol/L、NH4 -N5μmol/L、NH4 -N/NO3--N2/7(TIN20mol/L)的条件下,江蓠可获得最快生长速率和最高的PE、叶绿素a、蛋白质含量以及最低的碳水化合物/蛋白质比值。 相似文献
5.
近4年来象山港赤潮监控区营养盐变化及其结构特征 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
根据2002—2005年4—9月份象山港赤潮监控区表层海水营养盐(Si,N和P)监测基础资料,分析、探讨了监控区水域的营养盐变化及其结构特征。分析结果表明:4年来,监控区水质富营养化严重,DIN的污染程度明显高于PO4-P;Si,N和P营养盐含量的空间波动程度存在明显的年际差异;SiO3-Si,PO4-P和NO3-N含量的月变化特征主要受港湾内藻类等浮游植物的生命活动和陆源径流的共同影响;NH4-N含量的月变化特征受鱼类新陈代谢强弱的影响。4年来NH4-N的含量略有升高,NO3-N和SiO3-Si的含量均有所降低,而NO2-N和PO4-P的含量则保持稳定;SiO3-Si/PO4-P比值略有所减小,NO2-N/DIN,NH4-N/DIN,NO3-N/DIN,DIN/PO4-P和SiO3-Si/DIN的比值均保持稳定。4年来整个监控区DIN一直处于热力学平衡状态,NO3-N量占DIN的83.77%~97.23%,是该海域DIN的主要存在形式,PO4-P一直是该海域初级生产力的主要潜在限制性因子。SiO3-Si/DIN<1,与DIN相比,SiO3-Si略显不足。 相似文献
6.
辽河口水域溶解氧与营养盐调查与分类 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
根据2003年9月辽河口水域营养盐和溶解氧的调查结果,讨论了辽河口水体中的溶解性无机氮(NO3-N、NO2-N、NH3-N)、活性磷酸盐(PO4-P)和溶解氧(DO)的含量、分布与变化特征以及相关关系。结果表明:辽河口溶解态无机氮含量范围为3.26~59.67μmol/L,活性磷酸盐含量范围为0.05~0.95μmol/L,溶解氧范围为0.086~0.208mmol/L。溶解氧、营养盐关系的统计分析结果表明:DIN与AOU(表观耗氧量),PO4-P与AOU之间显著或高度显著相关,营养盐之间也存在相关性,并对调查区域水质进行评价分类。 相似文献
7.
2009年4月对黄河口湿地4个站点沉积物间隙水中各营养盐成分含量及其随深度的变化进行了研究。结果表明:沉积物间隙水中PO4-P含量变化不大,变化范围是0.18~2.18μmol/L,呈现先降低后升高的趋势。NH4-N、NO3-N、NO2-N含量分别为4.51~348.1μmol/L、1.71~2002μmol/L、0.16~130.0μmol/L,其垂直分布为上高下低,这和土壤氮分布、所处氧化还原环境、植被类型等有密切关系;且无机N以高硝酸盐含量为主,这与黄河水的输入有很大关系。SiO3-Si的含量变化范围是59.7~256.1μmol/L,其垂直分布变化复杂。 相似文献
8.
2008年春季对莱州湾小清河口的走航调查发现,调查区域大部分水体的DOC,CODMn,NH4+-N,PO43--P高于4类海水的限定值,处于严重污染状态。水体CHla的浓度范围在1.02~37.92μg/L之间,但DO饱和度却在23%~96%之间,盐度小于15水体的DO饱和度低于50%,水体缺氧严重。河口存在NO2--N含量偏高现象。由河口向外,NO2--N浓度逐渐增加,至盐度24.4的水体达到0.27 mg/L的高值,NO2--N增加主要是NH4+-N的硝化反应产生的。NH4+-N生成NO2--N主要受DO和NH4+-N比例与浓度的影响,DO饱和度在30%~70%,NH4+-N大于3.33 mg/L的水体中NO2--N生成速率最快。 相似文献
9.
长江口营养盐结构特征及其对浮游植物的限制 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
根据2013年5月、11月两个航次的调查资料,分析了长江口营养盐浓度及其结构的分布变化,并探讨了营养盐对浮游植物的限制情况。长江口营养盐分布存在季节差异:口门外NO3-N、NO2-N浓度均为春季高秋季低,PO34-P、3SiO2-Si、NH4-N浓度则秋季高春季低,口门内除NO2-N外,NO3-N、PO34-P、SiO23-Si、NH4-N浓度均为秋季高于春季。NO3-N、PO34-P、SiO23-Si浓度从近岸向外海逐渐降低,NO2-N、NH4-N浓度分布规律不明显。NO3-N是DIN的主要存在形态,其占DIN的比例为春季95%、秋季83%。春季、秋季DIN/P均高于16,表现出长江口过量的DIN输入,春季Si/DIN基本小于1,秋季Si/DIN大于1。春季由于硅藻的局部生长使DIN/P异常升高、Si/DIN异常降低,秋季西北部海区受苏北沿岸流影响,呈低DIN/P值和高Si/DIN值分布。受含过量DIN、SiO23-Si的长江冲淡水的影响,春、秋季均表现为PO34-P潜在相对限制。春季由于浮游植物的大量吸收,局部出现PO34-P、SiO23-Si的绝对限制。当同时考虑绝对限制和潜在相对限制时,春季15.38%的站位受PO34-P限制,限制情况较上世纪90年代更为突出。 相似文献
10.
为了更好地了解长江流域城市化进程和三峡工程对长江口生态系统的影响及其响应,为长期观测提供参考,采用分光光度法对2003年5月19—26日采自长江口的水样中的溶解态无机氮、磷、硅进行了分析。结果表明,该海域营养盐的空间分布呈现出较好的规律性:SiO3-Si的浓度总体上沿长江径流入海方向递减,其在淡水端的浓度>100μmol/L,在离岸最远的海水端附近的浓度约为10μmol/L;NO3-N、NO2-N、NH4-N和PO4-P沿长江径流入海方向的浓度分布则呈现出先增加后降低的特征,最高值出现在咸淡水交界面附近,分别为130.0、3.14、31.43和2.06μmol/L。南北方向上各种形态营养盐的浓度总体上呈现出北部海域表、底层之间差异大于南部海域的分布特征。连续观测数据显示,NO3-N、NO2-N、PO4-P和SiO3-Si的浓度均可能在4h的时间里发生较大幅度的波动。在混合水区,由于水深较浅,水体混合较容易,垂直方向上各元素的浓度平均值差异不大;在水深较深的海水区,随着水深的增加,NO3-N和NO2-N的浓度平均值总体上呈下降趋势,PO4-P则相反,SiO3-Si变化不大。采用营养状态质量法和潜在性富营养化标准对调查海域的营养状况进行了分析,结果均显示,调查海域在长江径流入海方向上由淡水区的高营养水平逐渐过渡到海水区的贫营养水平。由于长江口水体中各营养元素浓度时空变化显著,准确计算其入海通量难度很大,需要足够多的高时空分辨率的数据。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明:土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
13.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
14.
15.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
16.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
17.
18.
Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria ( 〉 99% ), but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments ( ≥ 98.8% ), including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
19.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
20.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献