土霉素、氯霉素对湛江等鞭金藻细胞增殖和光合色素含量的影响

在室温下研究了不同浓度的土霉素和氯霉素对湛江等鞭金藻的细胞数量、个体大小，以及叶绿素、类胡萝卜素等的含量的影响。结果表明：土霉素在0～10mg／L范围内浓度越大，金藻细胞数量在增长期内增幅越小、在衰退期内衰退越快，叶绿素a越少，类胡萝卜素越多；氯霉素在0～5mg／L范围内浓度越大，金藻细胞数量在增长中后期增幅越小且低于正常水平，衰退期内衰退越快，叶绿素类越少，类胡萝卜素越多。土霉素、氯霉素对金藻细胞个体大小的影响均不明显。     

植物生长调节剂对绿色巴夫藻生长的影响

研究了二种植物生长调节剂对绿色巴夫藻 ( Pavlova viridis)的生长、叶绿素含量和干重的影响。结果表明 ,在试验浓度范围内 ,2 ,4— D对绿色巴夫藻生长的影响在培养早期比后期明显 ,最适浓度为 0 .1 m g/L ;6-BA质量浓度≥ 1 mg/L时对绿色巴夫藻有致死作用 ,质量浓度为 0 .1～ 0 .8mg/L时 ,对绿色巴夫藻的生长有促进作用 ,促进生长的最适质量浓度为 0 .5mg/L。在一定浓度范围内 ,二种植物生长调节剂都可促进绿色巴夫藻的生长 ,提高叶绿素含量 ,增加试验藻的干重。     

鱼虾混养池中蓝藻群落结构及其微囊藻毒素含量变化

对广东省中山市三角镇的低盐度鱼虾混养池进行连续采样分析,结果表明,混养池中的蓝藻主要有螺旋藻(Spirulina sp.),鱼腥藻(Anabaena sp.),颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)等,其中盐泽螺旋藻的优势度为0.52~0.73。蓝藻是水体中的优势微藻种群,蓝藻细胞数量占微藻细胞数量的88%~99%,蓝藻细胞数为0.99×10~9~5.89×l0~9 cell/L。混养池微藻多样性指数(H’)为1.16~2.49,养殖水体处于中度污染状态。溶解性无机氮的质量浓度为0.13~2.30 mg/L,正磷酸盐质量浓度为0.25~2.39 mg/L,化学需氧量的质量浓度为1.94~13.79 mg/L。微囊藻毒素(MC-LR)在水中质量浓度为0.18~0.79μg/L。蓝藻细胞数量与化学需氧量之间呈显著的正相关关系,表明蓝藻的生长情况与养殖池中的有机污染程度有密切联系,低盐度的富营养化的水体能促进蓝藻的生长,成为微藻群落中的优势种群。MC-LR的质量浓度与蓝藻细胞数量之间无显著相关。     

温度、照度和氮磷营养盐对长茎葡萄蕨藻富硒的影响

【目的】探索富硒长茎葡萄蕨藻(Caulerpalentillifera)的培养条件。【方法】以亚硒酸钠(Na_2SeO_3)为硒源,采用单因素实验,研究不同硒浓度对长茎葡萄蕨藻的生长、光合色素和硒富集量的影响,通过正交实验,找出适宜长茎葡萄蕨藻富硒的最佳温度、照度和氮磷比组合条件。【结果】在亚硒酸钠0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0mg/L条件下,随亚硒酸钠添加量增加,藻体硒质量分数(干基)从1.70μg/g增加至50.10μg/g,且各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);亚硒酸钠添加量2.0 mg/L时,藻体硒质量分数达到11.7μg/g;添加量大于2.0 mg/L时,显著抑制藻体的生长(P<0.05),藻体叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著性降低(P<0.05);添加量低于2.0 mg/L时,藻体的生长、叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量均无显著性差异;类胡萝卜素含量各组间无明显变化。在培养液亚硒酸钠质量浓度为2.0 mg/L的条件下,藻体最适的生长条件组合是温度28℃、照度2 000 lx、氮磷比10∶1,藻体的最优富硒条件是温度24℃、照度2 000 lx、氮磷比8∶1。【结论】长茎葡萄蕨藻在开发含硒安全性功能海藻食品方面有较大应用潜力。     

城市零售网点变化的空间分布特征及影响因素分析——以北京市六环内为例

目前大多数研究主要集中于对零售网点的空间布局特征及驱动力的分析,对其变化空间分布的研究相对不足。本文主要采用变化显著性检验、热点分析和计数模型,探讨北京市2015～2017年零售网点变化的空间分布特征及影响因素。结果表明：(1)2015～2017年北京市六环内零售网点整体增幅相较于减幅更为显著。(2)2015～2017年零售网点在东六环的朝阳区、通州区的增幅显著高于其他区,位于三环至六环东南部分的朝阳区、丰台区、通州区和大兴区的减幅明显高于其他区。(3)路网密度和地铁站点越密集、容积率越高、租金越低的地方,零售网点增加的概率越大;路网密度和地铁站点越稀疏、建筑覆盖率越高的地方,零售网点减少的概率越大。研究成果从侧面印证了北京市相关政策的执行情况,可为后续规划布局、政策调整等提供一定的技术参考。     

氮、磷、硅对条纹小环藻生长和叶绿素a含量的影响

采用单因子实验方法研究氮、磷和硅营养盐对条纹小环藻(Cyclotella striata)生长和叶绿素a含量的影响。结果表明:在不同磷和硅营养盐浓度下,条纹小环藻比生长率μ变化显著(P<0.05),其中,硝酸盐为0.60~0.85 d-1,硅酸盐为0.49~0.61 d-1,磷酸盐为0.46~0.51 d-1。总体而言,在一定的营养盐浓度范围内,条纹小环藻的最大藻细胞密度Nmax随着氮、磷和硅营养盐浓度的增加而增大;条纹小环藻叶绿素a(Chl a)含量亦随着氮、硅浓度的增加,与Nmax增加趋势一致,但随着磷浓度的增加Chl a先增加后减小,与Nmax不一致。条纹小环藻的主要限制营养元素是氮和硅,而磷可能不会成为其短期培养的限制因子。     

咸水体修复过程中含水层物理堵塞试验研究

针对山东半岛大沽河下游咸水体修复过程中含水介质物理堵塞的问题,采用室内模拟试验,系统研究了悬浮物质量浓度和粒径对咸水体含水介质物理堵塞的影响,并通过测定人工回灌过程中渗透系数的时空变化,定量分析和评价含水介质物理堵塞的机理和程度.结果表明:悬浮物质量浓度和粒径是影响含水介质渗透性的关键因素;在悬浮物质量浓度分别为50、100、200 mg·L—1的条件下,含水介质的等效渗透系数分别为其初始值的38％、20％0和10％;随着注入悬浮物质量浓度、注入时间的增加和入渗深度的减小,相对渗透系数不断减小;悬浮物的粒径越小,迁移距离越大,造成渗透系数下降区的厚度越大;随着悬浮物粒径的不断增大,粒径大的颗粒容易被截留在表层,造成表层渗透系数下降幅度增大,其余各层渗透系数下降幅度随深度增加而减小.     

汞离子对细基江蓠孢子萌发和生长的影响

研究了4种Hg2+浓度对细基江蓠果孢子和四分孢子附着、萌发和生长的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,Hg2+抑制了果孢子附着却促进了四分孢子的附着,但0.0025 mg/L浓度与对照组的差异不显著(P>0.05),各浓度间差异显著(P<0.05);Hg2+在实验浓度范围内(0.0025、0.0050、0.0075、0.0100 mg/L)影响了孢子的正常萌发,使孢子不能正常分裂和生长,刺激了孢子脱落,并且使盘状体的形态发生变异;`Hg2+不同浓度之间也存在显著差异(P<0.05),并且Hg2+浓度越高对孢子的萌发和生长影响越大。     

硝酸钠对波吉卵囊藻生长、生化组分及沉降的影响

【目的】研究硝酸钠对波吉卵囊藻(Oocystis borgei)生长、生化组分及沉降的影响。【方法】采用分光光度计法、乙醇法、尼罗红染色法、苯酚硫酸法和考马斯亮蓝法,分别测定波吉卵囊藻在不同硝酸钠浓度下的生物量、叶绿素、脂质、总糖和蛋白质含量,分析波吉卵囊藻沉降与生长及生化组分的关系。【结果】1)硝酸钠对波吉卵囊藻沉降率有显著影响(P 0.05),当硝酸钠74.8 mg/L时,沉降6 h的沉降率达到75%,沉降效果最佳。2)硝酸钠对波吉卵囊藻生物量和叶绿素的影响显著(P 0.05),培养9 d时,硝酸钠37.4～748.0 mg/L组卵囊藻生物量和叶绿素含量较高,生长状态好,沉降率较高;经回归分析,沉降率与生物量呈正相关关系(R~2=0.824 3),与叶绿素含量呈先增加后减少的抛物线关系(R~2=0.819 8)。3)硝酸钠对波吉卵囊藻脂质和总糖含量的影响显著(P0.05),硝酸钠质量浓度为37.4～2 992.0 mg/L时,总糖和脂质含量少,沉降率较高;经一元回归分析,沉降率与脂质和总糖含量呈负相关关系,R~2分别为0.770 5和0.609 4。4)沉降率与生物量和叶绿素有显著正相关性,皮尔逊系数r分别为0.785和0.404;与脂质和总糖有显著负相关性,皮尔逊系数r分别为―0.788和―0.731。【结论】硝酸钠通过影响波吉卵囊藻的生长和生化组分来改变藻细胞的沉降率;波吉卵囊藻的沉降率与生长状态呈正相关关系,与脂质、总糖呈负相关关系,脂质和总糖含量越少,沉降效果越好,与蛋白质无显著相关关系。     

斜生栅藻对全氟辛酸和Zn2+联合胁迫的生理生化响应

【目的】探究全氟辛酸(PFOA)与重金属锌(Zn²⁺)单一及联合暴露对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的急性毒性效应和作用机制,为全氟化合物(Perfluorinated compounds,PFCs)和重金属在水生生态系统中的联合风险评估提供理论基础。【方法】将1×10⁶mL^-1斜生栅藻分别在0～16 mg/L Zn²⁺、0～350 mg/L PFOA单一处理组及0～1.5 TU联合处理组暴露96 h,分析暴露条件对斜生栅藻的细胞浓度、藻细胞叶绿素a(Chl a)、总蛋白(TP)含量、抗氧化系统、细胞外部形态、转化氨氮能力、Zn²⁺与PFOA去除率等指标的影响。【结果与结论】处理96 h,Zn²⁺与PFOA单一胁迫抑制斜生栅藻生长的半最大效应质量浓度(96 h-EC₅₀)分别为14.17 mg/L和198.98 mg/L;二者联合胁迫96 h-EC₅₀为0.97 TU,作用模式为部分相加作用...     

食物类型和浓度对双齿许水蚤摄食的影响

在不同饵料条件下,对双齿许水蚤(Schmackeria dubin)的清滤率(mL.只-1.h-1)、滤食率(细胞.只-1.h-1)和摄食率(mg.只-1.h-1)进行了测定。结果表明:以湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis)为饵料,其浓度为15×104～120×104 mL-1时,双齿许水蚤的摄食率达到较大;分别饲以同生物量的牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros müelleri)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)、湛江等鞭金藻、小球藻(Chlorella sp.)时,饵料为角毛藻和扁藻时双齿许水蚤的摄食率达到较大;饲以同生物量的牟氏角毛藻、亚心形扁藻、湛江等鞭金藻、小球藻、颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)、小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)六种藻的混合饵料时,双齿许水蚤对湛江等鞭金藻的摄食率和选食率均为最大,分别为0.0458 mg.只-1.h-1和17.1%。可见,饵料浓度、饵料种类、混合饵料对双齿许水蚤的清滤率和摄食率均有显著影响(P<0.05)。     

球等鞭金藻的异养培养

【目的】探索球等鞭金藻的异养培养条件。【方法】以球等鞭金藻3011为研究对象,对其进行避光异养培养,采用单因素实验,找出适合其异养生长的碳源、氮源及磷源。【结果与结论】葡萄糖、尿素和磷酸二氢钾分别为较适于球等鞭金藻异养培养的碳源、氮源和磷源;异养状态下球等鞭金藻生物量较高,在葡萄糖浓度40 g/L、尿素1.0 g/L、KH₂PO₄13.6 mg/L时微藻培养效果最佳,30℃下培养48 h微藻密度达109 mL^-1,培养96 h密度超过1010 mL^-1。     

大珠母贝人工繁殖技术的研究

通过大珠母贝人工强化促熟、人工授精、幼虫对不同饵料的消化能力、新型采苗器的采苗以及标粗效果等实验,研究大珠母贝人工繁殖中的有关技术问题。结果表明:使用以骨条藻和天然硅藻做饵料促熟的大珠母贝亲贝进行人工授精可以获得质量较高受精率(达98%);用于亲贝人工授精的氨水溶液最佳浓度为体积分数10×10-6~30×10-6(氨水原液质量分数为25%~28%);D形幼虫对饵料的消化能力较差,宜投喂金藻和面包酵母,壳顶幼虫的消化能力强,宜增加扁藻混合投喂;在附着变态期采用新型的聚氯乙烯绳采苗器可以取得较传统附着板更好的采苗及标粗效果,单个采苗器可采壳长2 mm贝苗3.65万只,标粗40 d后贝苗平均成活率可达66.2%,壳长平均生长率可达295μm/d。     

Effects of strontium-induced stress on marine microalgae Platymonas subcordiformis （Chlorophyta： Volvocales）

1 INTRODUCTION Heavy metal pollution in marine environment has always been a serious problem over the last several decades, because most of the heavy metal species that enter marine environment accumulated there without decomposition. Strontium is a minor…     

Effects of heavy metals (Pb2+ and Cd2+) on the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a model organism known for its unique combination of highly desirable molecular genetic, physiological and morphological characteristics, was employed in the present study. The species was cultured in BG11 liquid medium contained various initial concentrations of Pb2+ and Cd2+ (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/L). The experiment was conducted for six days and the metal induced alterations in the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents were assessed. Alterations in the ultrastructure of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 ceils became evident with the increased (>4 mg/L Pb2+) metal concentration. The photosynthetic apparatus (thylakoid membranes) were found to be the worst affected. Deteriorated or completely destroyed thylakoid membranes have made large empty spaces in the cell interior. In addition, at the highest concentration (8 mg/L pb2+), the polyphosphate granules became more prominent both in size and number. Despite the initial slight stimulations (0.2, 3.8 and 6.5% respectively at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L Pb2+), both metals inhibited the growth in a dose-dependent manner as incubation progressed. Pigment contents (chlorophyll a, βcarotene and phycocyanin) were also decreased with increasing metal concentration. Cells exposed to 6 mg/L Pb2+, resulted in 36.56, 37.39 and 29.34% reductions of chlorophyll a, β carotene and phycocyanin respectively over the control. Corresponding reductions for the same Cd2+concentrations were 57.83, 48.94 and 56.90%. Lethal concentration (96 h LC50) values (3.47 mg/L Cd2+ and 12.11 mg/L Pb2+) indicated that Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is more vulnerable to Cd2+ than Pb2+.     

凡纳滨对虾高位池养殖系统的水质理化状况

对凡纳滨对虾高位养殖池水质环境状况进行了研究。结果表明,养殖期间虾池水体透明度前期较高,中后期较低;虾池pH变化在7.89~9.02之间,变化幅度较小。虾池水体悬浮物数量和CODMn随养殖时间延长而持续升高,变化范围分别为18.5~162.3 mg/L和3.52~14.58 mg/L。虾池水体中营养盐各月份波动较大,无机氮的数量变化在0.206~1.621 mg/L之间,含量逐渐升高,磷酸盐数量变化在0.009~0.067 mg/L之间,含量逐渐下降。水环境中N、P比较高,平均为62.7。养殖水体中后期处于严重富营养化状态。     

Effects of heavy metals （Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋） on the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a model organism known for its unique combination of highly desirable molecular genetic, physiological and morphological characteristics, was employed in the present study. The species was cultured in BG11 liquid medium contained various initial concentrations of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/L). The experiment was conducted for six days and the metal induced alterations in the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents were assessed. Alterations in the ultrastructure of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells became evident with the increased (>4 mg/L Pb²⁺) metal concentration. The photosynthetic apparatus (thylakoid membranes) were found to be the worst affected. Deteriorated or completely destroyed thylakoid membranes have made large empty spaces in the cell interior. In addition, at the highest concentration (8 mg/L Pb²⁺), the polyphosphate granules became more prominent both in size and number. Despite the initial slight stimulations (0.2, 3.8 and 6.5% respectively at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L Pb²⁺), both metals inhibited the growth in a dose-dependent manner as incubation progressed. Pigment contents (chlorophyll α, β carotene and phycocyanin) were also decreased with increasing metal concentration. Cells exposed to 6 mg/L Pb²⁺, resulted in 36.56, 37.39 and 29.34% reductions of chlorophyll α, β carotene and phycocyanin respectively over the control. Corresponding reductions for the same Cd²⁺concentrations were 57.83, 48.94 and 56.90%. Lethal concentration (96 h LC₅₀) values (3.47 mg/L Cd²⁺ and 12.11 mg/L Pb²⁺) indicated that Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is more vulnerable to Cd²⁺ than Pb²⁺. Supported by the Chinese Scholarship Council     

Mg2+、Mn2+对波吉卵囊藻生长的影响

【目的】研究Mg²⁺、Mn²⁺对波吉卵囊藻生长和多糖代谢的影响。【方法】取蒸馏水培养数日后的波吉卵囊藻液接入以f/2培养液的配方为基础的新鲜培养液中,Mg²⁺浓度梯度分别设置为0、1、2、4、8 mg/L,Mn²⁺浓度梯度分别设置为0、0.005、0.050、0.500、5.000 mg/L,实验周期为10 d。【结果与结论】不同浓度Mg²⁺、Mn²⁺对波吉卵囊藻的生长有显著性影响,当Mg²⁺质量浓度为2 mg/L时,波吉卵囊藻的相对增长率、色素蛋白含量均出现最大值,显著高于Mg²⁺添加量为0、4和8 mg/L的组(P<0.05),当Mn²⁺质量浓度为0.005 mg/L时,波吉卵囊藻相对增长率、色素蛋白含量均出现最大值,显著高于Mn²⁺添加量0、0.050、0.500和5.000 mg/L组(P<0.05)。不同浓度Mg²⁺、Mn²⁺对波吉卵囊藻胞外多糖含量有显著影响(P<0.05),当Mg²⁺质量浓度>2 mg/L、Mn²⁺质量浓度>0.005 mg/L时,波吉卵囊藻生长均受到胁迫,其胞外多糖合成量明显增加,以保护藻体不受危害;当Mg²⁺质量浓度为8 mg/L、Mn²⁺质量浓度为5.000 mg/L时,波吉卵囊藻胞外多糖含量分别为对照组的2.43和3.36倍。     

Effect of NH4-non the pigment content ofLaminaria japonica

Experiments withLaminaria japonica were conducted in Meidao Bay and Pier Bay, Qingdao, China, Nitrogen-starved plants were fertilized intermittently with 7.1 mM NH₄−N solution for 1 hour at 3 day intervals, after which chlorophyll a, fucoxanthin, chlorophyll c and β-carotene contents were analyzed. Photosynthetic and growth rates of plants and nitrogen content of seawater were determined. their contents of chlorophyll a, fucoxanthin, chlorophyll c and β-carotene were 1.65, 0.67, 0.33 and 0.06 mg.dm⁻² respectively, or 2.46, 2.03, 1.86 and 1.81 times those of the controls. The ratio of fucoxanthin to chlorophyll a in nitrogen-enriched plants was lower than that of the controls. Normal growth rate of the plants (2 cm·day⁻¹ in length) were reached when the chlorophyll a content exceeded 0.1 mg·g⁻¹ fresh wt., indicating that chlorophyll a content can serve as an indicator of normal growth. Experimental results show that seawater is regarded as fertile for the normal growth ofLaminaria if the total inorganic nitrogen (including ammonium salt, nitrate and nitrite) content in seawater is about 2 μm, and infertile if less than 1 μm, in which case fertilizer should be applied. Contribution No. 1703 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

湛江港区底泥悬浮物对近江牡蛎的毒害效应

模拟湛江港涉海工程施工产生的悬浮物,探讨底泥悬浮物对工程附近海区近江牡蛎养殖的影响,研究不同浓度悬浮物对大、小规格近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)的毒害效应。结果表明,悬浮物对大规格近江牡蛎(8.12±1.76 cm)的毒害影响不明显;对小规格近江牡蛎(2.33±0.78 cm),悬浮物浓度≤270 mg/L时死亡率低于30%,悬浮物浓度≥810 mg/L时死亡明显增加,死亡率达60%。通过概率单位法计算,小规格近江牡蛎的96 h半致死浓度为627.17 mg/L。