改良的数字化测图新方法

阐述了在地形复杂、地貌破碎、作业组较多时一种改良的数字化测图新方法的作业流程。该方法发挥了数字化测图的高精度高效率和模拟法测图善于处理勾绘复杂地貌等高线的长处，为针对不同情况制定合适的测图作业方案增加了一种选择。     

新型气氡仪三种常用校准方法的差异性比测分析

为保证气氡测量结果准确性和可靠性,需对测氡仪器进行定期校准。应用目前我国地震系统内常用的三种校准方法：标准仪器校准法、RN-FD循环式氡气源校准法及固体氡气源校准法,对入网新型气氡仪进行校准方法比测。得出结果认为：循环式常压取源方式更接近新型数字化氡观测仪器的正常工作方式;标准仪器校准法是目前正在使用的几种校准方法中系统误差最小、校准效率最高、维护成本最低的方法;RN-FD循环式氡气源校准法和固体氡气源校准法均为标准物质传递方法,该方法存在诸多困难及不便(如放射性固体源运输、人员技术及环保监管等)影响仪器校准的及时性。通过分析这三种校准方法在原理、使用操作方法等方面的差异,讨论它们对校准结果准确度的影响,为新型仪器的校准操作规程(规范)的编写及实施提供参考。     

怀来4号井测汞数字化改造及资料分析

怀来4号井的汞观测由原来的人工模拟日观测改为与自动连续整时观测并行，大大增加了资料的信息量，为捕捉地震短临异常信息提供了有利条件．通过分析该井数字化测汞资料，探讨了数据变化特征及与地震活动可能的对应关系。     

南京长江全新世河流阶地的年代及其意义

河流阶地作为古气候和古环境的重要载体,在研究古气候、古环境变化方面有着极其重要的作用.文中对南京市长江南岸全新世河流阶地的23m厚钻孔沉积物,采用细颗粒石英单测片再生法技术进行了系统的光释光(OSL)测年,并对沉积物中的植物碎片等进行了<‘14>C测年,样品的OSL年龄和经树轮校正后的<‘14>C年龄吻合.测年结果表明...     

宁波站DDL-2与FD-105K测氡仪对比观测研究

测氡仪对比观测研究是探索仪器运行规律和提供可靠地震研究数据的支撑。文章基于使用AlphaGUARD P2000测氡仪作为无源标定仪器对DDL-2测氡仪进行溶解氡的校准实验,开展DDL-2测氡仪氡浓度响应研究以及DDL-2测氡仪和FD-105K测氡仪对比观测研究。结果表明：(1)校准K值的偏差值都在4.827 6%以内,满足目前地震监测观测技术要求和仪器标定要求;(2)DDL-2测氡仪可描述动态的水氡浓度,使用Origin 2018数据分析软件对氡浓度绘制拟合曲线,为氡值变化过程提供数学模型,鼓泡过程中水氡浓度经历迅速上升期、平缓期和稳定期,稳定后氡浓度变化幅度约为5.0 Bq/L,并且变化形态不尽相同;(3)使用Origin 2018对比分析数据,发现DDL-2测氡仪与AlphaGUARD P2000测氡仪较FD-105K测氡仪氡浓度日变化响应更灵敏且氡测值曲线吻合度更高。     

栅状地震剖面的投影制图

<正> 无论是正常测网的地震勘探,还是三维地震勘探,都可以组成栅状剖面。这种剖面能帮助解释人员想像地下地层的形态,确定断点的组合,进行测网内的追踪及闭合。轴测投影是机械制图中的常用方法,下面介绍如何用这种方法在计算机内制成栅状剖面。     

怀4井新旧自动测氦仪比测分析

为验证新WGK-1型测氦仪在怀4井观测的可行性,在相同观测条件下,将新旧测氦仪串联并行观测,经动态稳定性、内在质量及观测曲线对比发现,新测氦仪能够捕捉到更多更完整的地下流体信息,观测数据日变化规则,动态特征明显,且2台测氦仪产出数据具有同步性变化特征。为进一步验证新旧测氦仪的相关性,与同台气温测项进行对比分析,发现2台测氦仪氦气测值与气温同时存在短期负相关变化。综合分析认为,新旧测氦仪产出观测数据真实可靠,均能反映怀4井地下流体中氦气的浓度变化。     

地球科学的未来--IASPEI青年科学家的展望

国际测地学与地球物理学联合会(IU-GG)是一个为促进和协调在地球的物理、化学、数学性质及地球的空间环境方面研究的组织。其研究内容包括：地球的形状，地球重力场河地磁场的性质，地球作为一个整体及其组成部分的动力学性质，地球的内部     

高采样四分量钻孔应变仪记录应变地震波的可靠性分析

自2017年开始,陆续对中国地球物理台网10个钻孔应变测点的数据采集器进行升级,产出了大量的高采样钻孔应变观测数据。利用相关系数和自检精度2个检验四分量观测数据自洽性能的指标,定量分析了台站记录的2020年2月3日成都5.1级和2020年3月25日千岛群岛7.5级地震的应变地震波,结果显示高采样观测数据信度较高。对比分析了10个台站记录的2次地震的震相,证明高采样四分量钻孔应变仪具备记录清晰应变地震波的能力,且其可靠性较高。综合结果证明,高采样四分量钻孔应变观测可进一步为地震学研究提供新的数据资源。     

Runoff and suspended sediment yields from an unpaved road segment,St John,US Virgin Islands

Unpaved roads are believed to be the primary source of terrigenous sediments being delivered to marine ecosystems around the island of St John in the eastern Caribbean. The objectives of this study were to: (1) measure runoff and suspended sediment yields from a road segment; (2) develop and test two event‐based runoff and sediment prediction models; and (3) compare the predicted sediment yields against measured values from an empirical road erosion model and from a sediment trap. The runoff models use the Green–Ampt infiltration equation to predict excess precipitation and then use either an empirically derived unit hydrograph or a kinematic wave to generate runoff hydrographs. Precipitation, runoff, and suspended sediment data were collected from a 230 m long, mostly unpaved road segment over an 8‐month period. Only 3–5 mm of rainfall was sufficient to initiate runoff from the road surface. Both models simulated similar hydrographs. Model performance was poor for storms with less than 1 cm of rainfall, but improved for larger events. The largest source of error was the inability to predict initial infiltration rates. The two runoff models were coupled with empirical sediment rating curves, and the predicted sediment yields were approximately 0·11 kg per square meter of road surface per centimetre of precipitation. The sediment trap data indicated a road erosion rate of 0·27 kg m^?2 cm^?1. The difference in sediment production between these two methods can be attributed to the fact that the suspended sediment samples were predominantly sand and silt, whereas the sediment trap yielded mostly sand and gravel. The combination of these data sets yields a road surface erosion rate of 0·31 kg m^?2 cm^?1, or approximately 36 kg m^?2 year^?1. This is four orders of magnitude higher than the measured erosion rate from undisturbed hillslopes. The results confirm the importance of unpaved roads in altering runoff and erosion rates in a tropical setting, provide insights into the controlling processes, and provide guidance for predicting runoff and sediment yields at the road‐segment scale. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Achieving a more realistic assessment of rockfall hazards by coupling three‐dimensional process models and field‐based tree‐ring data

Sound knowledge of the spatial and temporal patterns of rockfalls is fundamental for the management of this very common hazard in mountain environments. Process‐based, three‐dimensional simulation models are nowadays capable of reproducing the spatial distribution of rockfall occurrences with reasonable accuracy through the simulation of numerous individual trajectories on highly‐resolved digital terrain models. At the same time, however, simulation models typically fail to quantify the ‘real’ frequency of rockfalls (in terms of return intervals). The analysis of impact scars on trees, in contrast, yields real rockfall frequencies, but trees may not be present at the location of interest and rare trajectories may not necessarily be captured due to the limited age of forest stands. In this article, we demonstrate that the coupling of modeling with tree‐ring techniques may overcome the limitations inherent to both approaches. Based on the analysis of 64 cells (40 m × 40 m) of a rockfall slope located above a 1631‐m long road section in the Swiss Alps, we illustrate results from 488 rockfalls detected in 1260 trees. We illustrate that tree impact data cannot only be used (i) to reconstruct the real frequency of rockfalls for individual cells, but that they also serve (ii) the calibration of the rockfall model Rockyfor3D, as well as (iii) the transformation of simulated trajectories into real frequencies. Calibrated simulation results are in good agreement with real rockfall frequencies and exhibit significant differences in rockfall activity between the cells (zones) along the road section. Real frequencies, expressed as rock passages per meter road section, also enable quantification and direct comparison of the hazard potential between the zones. The contribution provides an approach for hazard zoning procedures that complements traditional methods with a quantification of rockfall frequencies in terms of return intervals through a systematic inclusion of impact records in trees. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

LN-3A水位仪记录的高采样率大震水震波特点及仪器改进

分析了海南前兆台网水位仪对苏门答腊M_S 8.7地震和我国四川汶川Ms 8.0地震的高采样率水震波记录情况,从中可较明显地看到地震波引起的井水位详细变化,但也存在水震波的丢头、仪器时间存在误差,第一代仪器水震波相互覆盖等现象,提出了在水位仪中增加在线缓存记录、自动定时校时功能等改进建议。     

烈度计台站远程监控系统

烈度计台站在地震预警中具有重要作用，对烈度计台站的远程监控是保证观测数据稳定可靠的前提。针对现有监控系统无法对台站供电、网络、设备状态等信息进行智能监控的问题，设计烈度计台站远程监控系统，实现对台站供电、网络、I/O开关量、烈度计状态等信息的采集及远程控制等功能，并在天津烈度计台网进行部署，提高了故障排查及维护效率，保证了烈度计台站数据的连续率。     

QTM导热仪测试条件的研究

本文报道用QTM导热仪测量岩石导热系数的测试条件,并论证测量结果的可靠性。作者将样品用其它QTM导热仪及稳定平板导热仪进行检测,证明对各向同性样品之间的误差<5％,对岩石样品用同类型仪器的测量结果比较测量误差一般在10％以内     

拉科斯特重力仪干扰因素分析

本文根据多年重力监测工作情况，结合拉科斯特重力仪的结构特点，对仪器在观测中的干扰因素进行分析，认为影响仪器观测精度的干扰因素有两类：一类是仪器本身产生的系统误差，如格值误差、零飘及弹性后效等；另一类是外界干扰因素，如振动、温度、人为观测方法不当等，如果在观测中能消除或减小这些干扰因素影响，拉科斯特重力仪就可能达到更高的观测精度。     

MI3000和GL-P2C地震烈度仪性能对比

在合肥地震台和安徽省地震局仪器检测室均架设MI 3000和GL-P2C地震烈度仪,分别进行同台址观测,对记录的背景噪声进行RMS值和噪声功率谱计算,对比分析2种烈度仪性能。研究结果显示:①自噪声水平:2种烈度仪水平向自噪声水平均约为垂直向的50%,且MI 3000地震烈度仪约为GL-P2C地震烈度仪的3倍;②频带范围:GL-P2C地震烈度仪比MI 3000地震烈度仪频带范围更宽,且在0.1—40 Hz范围内,比MI 3000地震烈度仪记录信号的噪声功率谱降低约10 dB。分析认为,相对于MI 3000地震烈度仪,GL-P2C地震烈度仪性能更佳。     

泰安台YRY-2钻孔应变仪线差应变潮汐参数及其稳定性研究

介绍了泰安地震台YRY-2钻孔应变仪1991～1996年观测数据的调和分析结果．分析了潮汐参数的动态特征及其稳定性，并将有关结果与洞体水平线应变仪的（伸缩仪）观测结果进行了对比分析．泰安地震台YRY-2钻孔应变仪NS分量M2波月潮汐因子的离散中误差为3.3％，NE分量为3.6％，相位滞后的月离散误差小于2°．该指标与最好的洞室仪器SSY-Ⅱ的结果相当．     

地震监测气氡仪响应能力实验

对地震氡观测台网“十五”设备SD-3A测氡仪和新入台网的BG2015-R测氡仪进行了氡值响应能力和断电恢复实验,结果表明:当被检测氡仪输入低、高氡浓度气体样本时,达到目标浓度60%和90%的响应时间在10分钟和60分钟以内;当被检测氡仪处于高浓度时,输入空气样本,高浓度降低60%和90%的响应时间在20分钟和120分钟以内;断电对测氡仪日常监测应该没有影响。实验结果对建立地震观测需要的测氡仪性能检测指标具有很好的参考价值。