物化探方法在普查硫化铜镍矿中的应用

吉林地区的基性超基性岩体分布广泛,尤其是辉发河深断裂和伊通—依兰深断裂的两侧岩体成群分布。在辉发河深断裂北侧槽区,于六十年代初期,利用地质物化探综合找矿方法,发现了红旗岭含铜镍矿的基性超基性岩群。在七十年代中期,以物化探方法为主,发现了漂河川含铜镍矿基性超基性岩群。另外,在南部台区由航检及区调工作发现几处较老的基性超基性岩群,对寻找铜镍矿很有远景。为提高物化探方法找矿的速度和效果,本文使用红旗岭,漂河川两个矿区资料,在     

地质物化探综合方法在甘肃北山红柳沟铜镍矿的应用

红柳沟基性–超基性岩体是笔者开展1∶5万矿产地质调查期间新发现和厘定的含铜镍矿化岩体，它位于塔里木板块北缘北山裂谷带，夹持于大山头–岗流脑子和方山口–庙庙井–双鹰山断裂带之间，北西距黑山大型铜镍矿床约30 km，是一个非常重要的铜镍成矿区。运用地物化遥等综合找矿技术方法，在充分系统研究地质背景的前提下，利用1∶5万水系沉积物和磁法测量对空白区进行扫面，圈定异常，进而开展大比例尺地质测量和激电中梯及激电剖面测量工作，进一步圈定出成矿区内若干有利的成矿地段，择优开展槽探和钻探工程验证，新发现红柳沟Ⅲ、Ⅳ号铜镍矿点，取得了较好的找矿效果，说明综合运用物化探找矿方法是可行、有效的，对进一步指导该区及区域上的铜镍找矿工作具有借鉴意义。     

哈密天宇铜镍矿地气测量地球化学特征及指示意义

天宇铜镍矿位于干旱戈壁荒漠区。通过对研究区2 km^2范围内1∶1万地气测量,统计分析了地气中Ni、Co、Fe、Mg、Cu等的地球化学特征,研究了各元素对矿化体及物化探异常的指示效果,划分出了5处地气综合异常,得出Ni、Co、Cu、Fe、V地气指标能有效指示矿体位置,对天宇铜镍矿具有较好的找矿效果。该结论为在干旱戈壁荒漠区矿产勘查工作提供了新思路。     

综合化探新方法寻找多金属矿的效果

长江中下游地区是我国重要的矿产基地,地质找矿勘探程度高,但这些地区,常规地质、物化探方法找矿效果通常不佳,也是物化探找矿的薄弱地区。1982年至1984年期间,我们在该地区利用综合化探新方法,在寻找铜铁多金属隐伏矿方面进行了尝试,并取得较好的找矿效果。试验结果表明,在厚层基岩和运积物覆盖区,综合化探新方法是寻找隐伏矿行之有效的找矿评价手段,它能开拓地质找矿范围,为发现找矿远景区提供重要信息。     

浅析新疆东天山覆盖区机动浅钻化探方法技术

<正>东天山地区工作程度较高,矿产开发条件较优越,找矿潜力巨大。但以往地质找矿过程中,常规性的区域地质调查、矿产地质调查、地球物理调查和地球化学调查工作主要安排在基岩出露区,而针对新生界覆盖区,除航空磁测、区域重力和一些示范性物化探研究工作之外,常常被忽略或放弃,尤其是常规化探(区域化探和1∶5万化探)更是如此。近年来,通过1:5万化探方法技术的改进和物化探异常查证力度的不断加大,找矿技术在东天山地区取得了重大进展。相继新发现了玉海铜(钼)矿、白鑫滩铜镍矿、阿齐     

柴达木盆地周缘岩浆型铜镍矿找矿预测模型及找矿靶区优选

夏日哈木超大型铜镍矿床的发现,使得柴达木盆地周缘造山带岩浆型铜镍矿被广泛关注和重视。然而继发现夏日哈木矿床后,该区找矿尚未取得进一步重要突破,目前有效的找矿预测模型尚未建立,找矿瓶颈突显。通过系统收集该区地物化资料,结合典型矿床成矿条件,采用"协优找矿预测"思维,提取找矿预测要素,建立柴达木盆地周缘岩浆型铜镍矿找矿预测模型,以找矿预测模型为基础,采用"相似类比"的方法,开展找矿远景区圈定和找矿靶区优选。在柴达木盆地周缘划分出12处岩浆型找矿远景区,圈定找矿靶区28处,推荐优选的重点找矿靶区6处。     

青南纳日贡玛斑岩型铜钼矿床物化探异常特征及找矿模型

纳日贡玛地区位于青海南部高寒山区,自21世纪初国土资源大调查以来该区斑岩型矿床找矿取得了较大的进展,发现了一系列铜钼矿床(点),而常规的物化探综合方法在找矿勘查中发挥了重要作用。本区以纳日贡玛铜钼矿为典型矿床,在总结地质、物探、化探等特征指示标志的基础上,建立了该区斑岩型铜钼矿床的地质—物化探找矿勘查模型。该模型在外围找矿预测中取得了良好的应用效果,圈定了12处找矿靶区,部分靶区经工程验证已发现斑岩型铜钼矿体,找矿前景良好。     

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗莫若格钦铅锌矿区地质、物化探特征及找矿前景分析

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗莫若格钦铅锌矿区综合应用地质、物化探手段进行找矿,取得了良好的效果,已圈定五条矿化蚀变带,发现四条(银)铅锌矿化体、一条(银)铜矿化体,具有较大的找矿潜力.文章对该区的成矿地质背景,地质、物化探异常特征进行研究,分析了该区的找矿前景,对下一步开展地质找矿具有重要的指导意义.     

隐伏金属矿勘查中物化探方法技术应用研究

我国新一轮矿产勘查中,覆盖区与深部找矿已成为当前金属矿勘查的首要任务。在以"铁、铜、铅锌、钨钼、金多金属"等国家急需的矿产为重点的找矿实践中,物化探勘查方法技术的运用越来越受到重视。这里分析了近十年来三十二处金属矿床勘查物化探方法的应用实例,认为有针对性地选好用好找矿方法,加强区域综合研究,重视大探测深度勘查技术研发与推广应用,是取得找矿效果和缩短找矿周期的重要途径。     

物化探在保山核桃坪矿床中的综合应用

核桃坪铅锌铜多金属矿的靶区选择、评价及矿床发现中,由浅入深的物化探工作,在8个综合物化探异常区都找到多金属硫化物矿体,金厂河矿区实现隐伏深部找矿的重大突破。并总结出了一套合理的找矿勘查技术。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Mountains,nations, parks,and conservation

Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km² and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.