湖南水口山矿田康家湾铅锌矿床地质特征及找矿思路

康家湾铅锌矿是湖南省水口山矿田大—超大型隐伏矿床,近十多年来,矿床东部深处进行了大量地质勘查工作,矿床地质特征发生了变化,发现了第二找矿空间,新增铅锌资源储量规模达到中型。通过系统总结矿区地质特征,全面分析成矿地质条件与控矿因素,提出了“背斜+两刀”的成矿模型,升华了水口山地区铅锌矿床找矿理论,对成矿有利靶区进行预测,指明下步找矿主攻方向。研究结果认为硅化破碎角砾岩带仍然是重要的找矿标志,兼顾探寻碳酸盐岩古溶洞、构造裂隙带中发育的小而富铅锌矿体,深部寻找矽卡岩型盲矿体依然潜力较大,铜等高温元素可作为今后重点勘查方向。同时,矿区东部新盟山等地具有较大找矿潜力。     

云南都龙矿区隐伏花岗岩地质地球化学特征与锡锌成矿作用

云南都龙锡锌多金属矿床是继个旧和白牛厂之后我国发现的第三大锡石硫化物多金属矿床,矿区深部及外围勘探找矿对矿山的可持续发展具有极其重要意义。本文通过全岩主量、微量元素和稀土元素研究,总结了矿区隐伏花岗岩体地球化学特征,在LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年基础上,确定该岩体形成于燕山晚期(117.1±0.9Ma),属于老君山花岗岩南延部分,结合前人勘探和研究成果,总结近5年金石坡矿段、曼东矿段和辣子寨矿段勘查所揭示的新地质现象,提出燕山晚期隐伏花岗岩是都龙矿区主要物质来源和能量驱动提供者,岩浆期后热液活动是该矿床形成的关键,层间剥离断层是其成矿物质的运移通道和沉淀与富集的有利场所。在此基础上,提出该矿床主体属于与燕山晚期花岗岩有关的岩浆热液夕卡岩型矿床,今后找矿应围绕深部隐伏花岗岩体开展,矿区深部及外围五口硐-燕山一带具有较好的找矿远景。     

粤北八宝铅锌多金属矿成矿特征及矿床成因探讨

粤北八宝铅锌多金属矿位于南岭成矿带中段大东山—贵东W-Sn-Mo-REE成矿带内的大布WSn-Bi-Pb-Zn矿集区,是近年来该区铅锌多金属矿床找矿的一个新突破,初步探明储量已达中型。主矿体呈似层状产于燕山三期花岗岩接触带附近东岗岭组下段,主要矿石矿物为闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿,矿石构造以条带浸染状、块状为主,矽卡岩化、硅化、黄铁矿化蚀变与铅锌矿化关系密切。通过总结矿区勘查工作成果,与周围典型铅锌矿床的特征对比,初步认为该矿床类型属于矽卡岩型,岩体、东岗岭组薄层状细晶灰岩与钙质砂岩层是矿区铅锌矿成矿主要控制因素。通过区域地质条件分析,认为在大东山岩体周围勘查同类型铅锌矿仍有较大找矿潜力。     

云南石屏县法乌铅锌矿地质特征及成因

石屏法乌铅锌矿矿体呈似层状、脉状、透镜状产出,矿体的近矿围岩均为峨山花岗岩体之二长花岗岩,成矿与花岗岩的侵入有着密切的联系。矿区KT5与KT9两个主矿体在成因上有明显不同,KT5矿体产于构造破碎带中,受断裂构造控制约明显,为与花岗岩有关的中低温热液充填型脉状铅锌矿床。KT9矿体产于花岗岩体与碳酸盐岩接触带的矽卡岩中,受花岗岩与碳酸盐岩接触带控制,为接触交代矽卡岩型铅锌矿床。     

新疆博罗科努山可克萨拉铜矿床地质特征及找矿远景

可克萨拉铜矿床位于博罗科努金、铜、铅、锌、磷灰石矿带中西部,通过矿床地质特征分析认为,矿床产于晚泥盆世二长花岗岩体与上奥陶统呼独克达坂组大理岩化灰岩接触带的含矿矽卡岩中,属矽卡岩矿床。含矿矽卡岩及主矿体深部和外围仍有找矿空间,区内找矿前景良好。     

云南都龙锡多金属矿床金石坡矿段钨铜钼矿化特征及地质意义

在都龙超大型锡多金属矿床外围西部的金石坡矿段勘查发现,该矿段深部距离燕山期隐伏花岗斑岩体100m附近或花岗斑岩脉体周边存在较好W-Cu-Mo矿化,其赋矿围岩是中寒武统田蓬组底部碳酸岩夹石英云母片岩。新发现W-Cu-Mo矿化的围岩蚀变较强,但与都龙矽卡岩Sn-Zn主矿体的蚀变类型不同,其矽卡岩化以石榴石、透辉石等干矽卡岩为主。W-Cu-Mo等成矿元素以白钨矿、辉钼矿和黄铜矿等矿物相形式存在,呈细脉状、星点状和团斑状产于花岗斑岩硅化接触带及节理裂隙发育的矽卡岩化大理岩、碎裂状石榴石透辉石矽卡岩中。W-Cu-Mo矿化在整个都龙矿田深部都较普遍,是今后勘探和开采中值得重视的新矿化类型。都龙超大型锡多金属矿床深部W-Cu-Mo矿化的揭露,表明该矿床成因类型属于与燕山晚期花岗斑岩有关的矽卡岩型多金属矿床。     

青海江里沟钨多金属矿成矿控制因素及矿化富集规律

青海江里沟钨多金属矿床目前是青海境内规模最大的钨矿床,其规模达中-大型,大地构造位置属秦祁昆复合造山系秦岭造山带西段。本文从江里沟钨多金属矿床的成矿地质背景、矿区地质特征、矿体特征等方面入手,总结矿床控矿因素及矿化富集规律。矿体受岗察复式花岗岩体与围岩接触带控制,矿化围绕岩体具有明显的分带性,自岩体向外形成了斑岩型钼矿化-云英岩型钨矿-矽卡岩型钨铜钼矿-角岩型钨矿-脉状铅锌矿的矿化系列,以矽卡岩型为主要类型。其矿床成因为与晚三叠世江里沟复式花岗岩体晚阶段花岗斑岩和细粒花岗岩的侵入及岩浆后期热液有关的多位一体矿床,为下一步的找矿提供依据。     

腾冲棋盘石铅锌多金属矿成矿规律探讨

矿区位于腾冲西北部东河铁、铜、铅锌多金属成矿区,区内早白垩世花岗岩浆活动强烈,矽卡岩型矿床发育,形成众多铁、铜、铅、锌矽卡岩型矿床,是腾冲西北部重要成矿区,棋盘石矽卡岩型铅锌矿即是其中之一。矿床形成与早白垩世中酸性花岗岩关系密切,矿体位于上二叠统碳酸盐岩外接触带矽卡岩中。地层、岩体对矽卡岩及矿体的控制作用明显。     

牛苦头矿区隐伏矿床预测方法及其勘查成果

牛苦头隐伏大型铁多金属矿床的成因属于矽卡岩矿床。矿区出露地层为上石炭统四角羊沟组碳酸盐岩,岩浆岩为隐伏于矿区深部的印支期二长花岗岩,铁多金属矿体主要产于两者外接触带附近。矿区的勘查工作始于1969年,但主要工作一直针对近地表规模较小的零星铁多金属矿体开展,对矿区总体地质特征缺乏系统的认识,以致以往的勘查找矿工作始终进展不大。直到2006年,通过综合分析矿区内地质矿产和地球物理特征,根据矽卡岩型矿床成矿理论,以地球物理异常圈定等方法成功地进行了隐伏矿床预测,进而取得重大找矿突破。     

新疆东昆仑维宝铅锌矿矿床流体包裹体研究

<正>新疆维宝铅锌矿位于东昆仑北祁漫塔格复合沟弧带,分为维宝主矿段和维东两个矿点。维宝主矿段内无岩体出露,以条带状矿石为主,矿体严格赋存于中元古界狼牙山组矽卡岩中,层控特征明显;维东矿点内有三叠纪闪长花岗岩出露,矿体呈脉状,矿石以块状为主。矿区内广泛发育北西-南东向断裂。单从矿床地质上很难准确地限定维宝铅锌矿的成矿类型是矽卡岩型还是     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Mountains,nations, parks,and conservation

Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km² and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.