滇东南丘北地区晚二叠世吴家坪早期岩相古地理特征

滇东南丘北地区上二叠统吴家坪阶主要为一套含铝土矿的碎屑岩系。根据区内实测剖面的沉积特征以及区域地质资料分析,认为研究区吴家坪早期为低能淤泥质海岸到局限浅海的沉积环境。在对54条剖面的岩性、厚度、沉积特征等资料定性、定量分析的基础上,采用单因素分析、多因素综合作图法编制了丘北地区吴家坪早期的岩相古地理图,分析了其沉积相分布和演化特征。吴家坪早期,丘北地区总体表现为潮坪-局限浅海的沉积环境,铝土矿主要发育在吴家坪阶下部的第一个三级层序中。通过对区内已知矿点与古地理关系的研究,认为铝土矿成矿的最有利沉积环境是潮下带-浅海上部。     

滇东南地区晚二叠世吴家坪早期岩相古地理*

在对野外露头和钻孔资料分析基础之上,运用单因素分析多因素综合作图法,对滇东南地区晚二叠世吴家坪早期的岩相古地理进行了系统研究和编图,取得如下主要认识：（1）吴家坪早期研究区西部为康滇古陆,西南部为屏马—越北古陆,沉积相带自南西向北东展布,依次为沼泽—潮上带、潮间带、潮下带和局限浅海;（2）康滇古陆与屏马—越北古陆共同为研究区提供物源;（3）天生桥地区在晚二叠世吴家坪早期沉积厚度较大,构成盆地的沉积中心;（4）盆地中心位于研究区的东北部,水体较深;（5）滇东南地区铝土矿主要分布于潮下带和局限浅海上部,该相带发育的地区应是今后滇东南地区的主要找矿远景区。     

贵州安顺旧州晚二叠世龙潭期沉积特征及地质意义

本文通过安顺旧州地区地面调查及钻孔岩性分析研究,从岩性组合、沉积构造、沉积相特征、沉积模式分析,进一步说明该区处于晚二叠世三岔河地区龙潭相区与吴家坪相区的相变位置,属于潮坪—泻湖相至半局限台地相过渡带,是具有特殊组成含义的"龙潭组"。由此推断晚二叠世龙潭期相变线(带)应为由北(遵义)向南延伸至贵阳后经林歹—平坝—天龙—旧州(研究区)一线向南西延伸到兴义,北西为龙潭相区,南东为吴家坪相区。     

扬子地区晚二叠世吴家坪期沉积环境及烃源岩发育的控制因素

在系统收集研究区资料和前人研究的基础之上,对扬子地区晚二叠世吴家坪期的沉积环境及烃源 岩发育的控制因素进行了探讨。扬子地区吴家坪期沉积环境包括陆地、海陆过渡环境、滨岸、碳酸盐岩台地和 盆地,其中碳酸盐岩台地包括碳酸盐潮坪、局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘、深水陆棚和台盆。对扬子地区晚 二叠世吴家坪期的沉积古地理进行了总结,绘制了沉积古地理图,主要的古地理单元包括古陆、冲积平原、滨 岸平原、碳酸盐岩台地和次深海。研究区内烃源岩类型多样,包括煤系、碳质页岩、泥岩、泥灰岩和硅岩等, 主要发育在沼泽、湖、深水陆棚和台盆等环境。有机质的来源包括陆源、底栖藻类和浮游藻类。扬子地区晚 二叠世吴家坪期烃源岩的发育主要受当时气候条件、洋流模式和沉积环境的控制。热带潮湿气候和洋流模式有 利于有机质的生产,而局限的沉积环境有利于有机质的保存。     

中扬子晚二叠世沉积特征及古地理演化

通过剖面实测、岩相及沉积相分析,中扬子区晚二叠世主要发育碳酸盐岩开阔台地沉积、陆棚沉积及盆地沉积,吴家坪期以浅海相沉积为主,深水盆地范围较小,长兴期发育台地相及盆地相,深水盆地范围变大,研究区晚二叠世的沉积主要受南秦岭海活动控制和盆地演化影响,沉积分异在晚二叠世较发育.古地理演化表明,吴家坪期中扬子北缘为深水盆地沉积,...     

桂西北安然地区晚二叠世乐平统碳酸盐岩微相特征及古地理意义

通过野外剖面测制、室内岩石薄片观察、古生物鉴定,运用沉积学、矿物岩石学、层序地层学、构造地质学等的方法原理,对黔桂之交天生桥镇-安然地区晚二叠世乐平统吴家坪-长兴期碳酸盐岩微相特征进行分析鉴定,试图阐述沉积演化及古地理意义。分析表明,研究区未见长兴组及大隆组,合山组与吴家坪组均为孤立碳酸盐岩台地,且属同时异相关系。合山组发育局限台地、开阔台地、受簸选台地边缘砂、生物建造等4种沉积亚相,发育MF1-生屑粉微晶灰岩、生屑泥微晶含泥质灰岩,MF2-含泥质砂岩夹含粉砂质泥岩或煤层,MF3-泥晶介壳屑蜓屑灰岩或泥晶生屑灰岩,MF4-泥、微晶或亮晶生屑藻砂屑灰岩,MF5-生屑藻粘结灰岩等5种沉积微相;吴家坪组发育受簸选台地边缘砂、生物建造及前缘斜坡等3种沉积亚相,发育MFⅠ-泥微晶藻砂屑生屑灰岩、海绵礁生物灰岩,MFⅡ-亮晶藻砾屑生屑灰岩,MFⅢ-复成分灰岩角砾岩或礁前角砾岩等3种沉积微相。二叠世乐平统吴家坪-长兴期经历了4期相对连续完整的次级海进-海退旋回,总体为海退进积层序的古地理特征,并形成相应的沉积矿产资源。     

黔北—渝南地区中二叠世早期梁山组的岩相古地理特征和铝土矿成矿效应

研究区位于扬子陆块上扬子区,中二叠世早期地层梁山组产有丰富的沉积矿产,其中铝土矿具有良好的勘探开发前景。为了揭示区内中二叠世早期铝土矿的形成、分布与岩相古地理的关系,对区内梁山组的沉积特征、展布规律和含矿性进行了研究,编制了中二叠世早期梁山组岩相古地理图,提出了区内铝土矿障壁后泻湖成矿的模式。结果表明,区内古地理格局具有北高南低、南海北陆的特点,鲁甸—威宁—贵阳—都匀一线为障壁沉积体系,北部为障壁后泻湖沉积体系,南部为正常浅海沉积体系,大致可划分为隆起、滨湖、浅湖、半深湖—深湖、障壁砂坝、内陆棚和外陆棚7个沉积亚相,铝土矿矿床全部分布于北部泻湖半深湖—深湖相区内,岩相古地理控矿作用明显。     

桂西地区沉积型铝土矿床控矿规律及找矿预测

桂西沉积型铝土矿床属古陆喀斯特型铝土矿床,为晚二叠世吴家坪期火山尘覆盖层陆地风化成因,其成矿模式:地壳隆升→火山尘沉积风化淋滤形成红土型铝土矿→海侵保存→成岩变质作用形成沉积型铝土矿。矿床受层位、构造和古地理环境三个因素同时控制。采用地层、构造和古地理环境三位一体的找矿预测方法,能较准确地圈定找矿靶区,可根据成矿古地理环境位置对各成矿部位进行找矿潜力预测和评价。     

西南地区晚二叠世层序-古地理及聚煤特征

西南地区上二叠统赋存有丰富的煤炭资源,含煤地层自下而上分别是峨眉山玄武岩组、龙潭组（宣威组中、下段或吴家坪组）和长兴组（宣威组上段或汪家寨组）。本文对该区晚二叠世含煤岩系层序地层、岩相古地理及聚煤作用进行研究,以区域不整合面、沉积相转换面以及下切谷砂体底部冲刷面等为层序界面,结合石灰岩标志层向古陆方向延伸距离而显示的旋回性特征,将区内含煤岩系划分为3个三级层序和相应的低位、海侵及高位体系域。层序1形成于晚二叠世吴家坪阶早期,主要分布在川南隆起的南北两侧,包括川东北及滇东、黔西地区;层序2形成于吴家坪阶中期,层序3形成于吴家坪阶晚期及长兴阶,层序2和层序3在西南全区均发育。三个层序的发育特征反映出海侵自东向西脉动推进、东深西浅的古地理格局,当时物源区主要为西侧的康滇古陆,沉积相单元有从西到东依次为陆相冲积平原-过渡相潮坪及三角洲-海相碳酸盐台地的沉积相展布规律。成煤环境主要为河流岸后沼泽、三角洲平原分流间湾沼泽、海湾（泻湖）-潮坪沼泽等,以三角洲体系成煤作用最强。总体上随着海水自东向西不断侵进,有利的成煤环境亦随着海平面的上升而不断向西迁移,聚煤中心亦有逐渐向西迁移的规律。     

云南文山县天生桥铝土矿沉积环境浅析

通过对云南文山县天生桥沉积型铝土矿区内的天生桥、瓦白冲、者五舍三个矿段地表及深部样品微量元素特征分析,得出本区在上三叠世龙潭期有局限海湾、泻湖和外侧潮间带两种不同的沉积环境,其中天生桥—瓦白冲处于局限海湾、泻湖环境,与咸水海域局限沟通,水动力环境较弱,有利于来自古陆的含铝物质沉积并形成稳定的铝土矿层。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Shock-induced amorphous textures in plagioclase,Manicouagan, Quebec,Canada

The textural relationships and structural states of optically isotropic labradorite from the Manicouagan, Quebec, impact structure have been examined by light (optical) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopy. Two distinct diaplectic glasses have been recognized based on their contrasting morphology, timing and the inferred modes of formation. The earliest isotropic bands and grain-scale isotropism (maskelynite) optically exhibit a gradational,in situ transformation from crystalline plagioclase with preservation of relict textures (twins, grain boundaries). The same transformation from crystalline to amorphous structure is observed in TEM to occur heterogeneously at scales on the order of the unit cell. The progressive transformation of optical properties reflects an increase in the volume fraction and eventual coalescence of these amorphous units. This maskelynite-type diaplectic glass is interpreted to form in the solid-state directly from crystalline material during the compressional phase of the shock wave. The other isotropic material occurs in spatially discrete tensiongashes and planar deformation features (PDFs) that overprint the maskelynite-type glass. This second type of diaplectic glass (PDF-type) is developed homogeneously within a given glass band and exhibits sharp crystal-glass boundaries, in contrast to the gradational boundaries of the maskelynite-type glass. PDF-type glass is interpreted to form by melting in tensional release zones during passage of the rarefaction wave. These observations emphasize the ability of naturally shocked rocks to preserve subtle evidence of variations in the shock process from highly transient events.     

A catastrophic rockslide-debris flow in Wulong, Chongqing, China in 2009: background, characterization, and causes

On June 5, 2009, a catastrophic rockslide-debris flow occurred at the crest of the Jiweishan Mountain in Wulong, Chongqing, China. Approximately five million cubic meters of limestone blocks slid along a weak interlayer of bituminous and carbonaceous shale. The source mass descended from the upper part of the slope rapidly, crossing a 200-m wide and 50-m deep creek in front of it. Blocked by the opposite steep creek wall, the sliding mass changed its direction and traveled a further 2.2 km along the creek in debris-flow mode, finally forming a large accumulation zone with an average depth of 30 m. This is one of the most catastrophic rockslide events in recent years in China. It buried 12 houses and the entrance of an iron mining tunnel where some 27 miners were working inside. Ten people died, 64 missing, and eight wounded. Immediately after this disaster happened, the government organized an expert team to assist the rescue work. As one of the geological experts, the author did a lot of field investigations and collected first-hand information. Multi-methods including the remote sensing, 3D laser scanning, geophysical exploration, and numerical modeling were used for analyzing the characteristics and the triggering mechanism of the Wulong rockslide. The preliminary investigation results reveal that this rockslide with poor geological conditions was mainly induced by the gravitation and the karst effect and also affected by the previous mining activities. The research in this paper is meaningful and useful for further research on such kind of rockslides that are geologically similar to the Wulong rockslide.     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

湖北宜昌王家湾五峰组顶部Chondrites的发现及其环境意义

本文报道了湖北宜昌王家湾剖面五峰组笔石页岩段观音桥层发现的遗迹化石Chondrites的分布及其生态特点。结合生物相和同期上扬子海盆相对海平面的变化,分析了盆地水体底域在缺氧一富氧转折时期的古氧相变化特征：指出五峰组笔石页岩段上部地层沉积底域为典型的缺氧环境,在其与上覆观音桥段之间的沉积转换面附近发生了从无氧到有氧的转变,观音桥段中Hirnantia动物群繁盛于富氧的海底环境。     

Flood anticipation,reality, and uncertainty,the 2019 flood in Khuzestan,Iran

Natural Hazards - Despite the application of various methods to calculate uncertainty in flood vulnerability assessments, the challenge of uncertainty remains. The main purpose of this study was to...     

丘北普者黑岩溶地貌景观特征

通过介绍普者黑地区的岩溶地貌特征,借鉴石林和桂林的研究模式,对普者黑的岩溶地貌形成机理进行了深入研究,并针对普者黑独特的亚热带高原岩溶地貌的特征,阐述了其研究的科学价值。     

Disruption in Biogeosciences:Conceptual,Methodological,Digital,and Technological

正Over four years ago,a group of investigators came together to determine if Big Data approaches (specifically data mining,machine learning and analytics in general) might provide insight into some of the grand challenges in Earth's history:evolution of minerals,rise of oxygen,life,influence of super continental cycles,quantifying the magnitude of extinction events,and more.As a result,the team of mineralogists,petrologists,geochemists,     

Analysis of F, Al, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ca and Mg concentrations in brick teas from main producing areas in China

Brick-tea-type fluorosis is a peculiar endemic disease in China, which had been discovered in minority areas of western China since 1980, and distributed mainly in Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Qinghai and parts of Sichuan Province. The prevalence rate of fluorosis in Tibetan and Mongolian nationality people was higher. Epidemiological investigation showed that fluorosis morbidity and degrees were different in different brick-tea drinking areas, and it was probably caused by drinking various kinds of brick tea from different regions. Therefore, we collected 33 samples of brick tea from six provinces where minority nationalities were accustomed to drinking a large quantity of brick tea. F concentrations were determined by the combustion hydrolysis-ion selective electrode method. The results showed that among the brick teas, the F concentrations ranged from the minimum 74.1 mg/kg in Yunnan Province to the maximum 991.2 mg/kg in Sichuan Province. Besides, there was a great difference among the various kinds of brick tea, and F concentrations decreased in the order of Kang brick tea, Green brick tea, Black brick tea, Mi brick tea, Fu brick tea, Chitsu ping tea, Puerh tea, and Tuo tea. The average F concentration in brick teas was 431.92 mg/kg.     

贵州省紫云县狗场地热水分析

紫云县地处贵州省南西部,区域上无岩浆活动,地表无温泉地热流体露头和无明显的其他地热显示,增加了地热勘查的难度。燕山期自东往西的构造应力作用下,产生了近南北向、北东向断层和近南北向褶皱的主体构造,以及碳酸盐岩—碎屑岩沉积建造为区内地热资源的产生提供了前提条件;采用基础地质结合物探方法研究优选出了层状热储较好的牛场坡背斜和带状热储F4小桥断裂结合的有利部位,施工了地热钻孔,取得了良好的地热水找矿成果。