圆尾斗鱼食物选择性的实验研究

在实验条件下,圆尾斗鱼优摄食纹幼虫和摇蚊幼虫,对食物的选择性明显,同时表明,用数量指标,以选择指数和Ｘ＾２检验能较客观地,可靠地说明食物选择性的大小。     

香蒲、灯心草人工湿地的研究——Ⅰ.净化污水的效果

本文研究了种植香蒲Ｔｙｐｈａ ａｎｇｕｓｔｉｆｏｌｉａ或灯心草Ｊｕｎｃｕｓ ｅｆｆｕｓｕｓ的人工湿地对城镇污水和人工不污染物的净化效果,调查了香蒲,灯心草不同季节的生长差异及高浓度污水冲击负荷对其生长的影响。香蒲,灯心草人工湿地净化城镇污水,出水水质总体上达到国家Ⅱ,Ⅲ类地面水标准,灯心草湿地对人工污水中凯氏氮,总磷,化学耗氧量地去除率维持在９４％以上,氨氮的去除率为８２．７％－９９．７％;在正常     

武汉东湖微囊藻水华形成及消失原因的探讨——围圈放养实验

采用围圈试验的方法,将东湖微囊藻水华的形成和消失过程重现。根据有关生物调控(Biomanipulation)的原理,我们设计了鲢鳙草鱼的放养试验。实验结果表明:放养鲢鳙的围圈,水华在很短时间(约15天)内消失,放养草鱼的围圈,水华几乎不受影响,而没有放养的围圈,其水华日趋浓厚。这一结果显示出滤食性鱼类对围圈内浮游生物群落结构的影响是巨大的。在实验过程中通过测定碳、氮、磷等营养元素的变化,重点探讨了它们对微囊藻水华形成与消失过程的影响。     

Effect of Copper on Activity and Feeding in the Subtidal Prosobranch Babylonia lutosa (Lamarck) (Gastropoda: Buccinidae)

Individuals of the subtidal gastropod Babylonia lutosa were exposed to three sublethal concentrations of copper (0.02, 0.06 and 0.20 ppm) for four weeks. The percentage of normally active individuals (body extended and moving with the foot attached) decreased and the percentage of snails retracted (body extended, foot not attached, unable to move) and in a distressed stage (body retracted within the shell) increased with increase in copper concentration. Exposure to copper also decreased significantly the ability of an individual to move, and to burrow, but the effect was only observed in week 1, individuals were fully recovered in week 2. Feeding, however, was not affected, both in terms of the percentage number of individuals which fed, and the time spent feeding. Results were discussed with respect to the potential of using this animal as a bioassay tool in monitoring the effect of environmental perturbations on the subtidal community in Hong Kong.     

Description of the larval stage of Drusus mixtus (Pictet, 1834) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae: Drusinae) with notes on its ecology and zoogeography

In the Swiss Jura adults of Drusus mixtus and unknown Drusinae larvae which could not be identified with existing keys were sampled. Based on ripe pupae, the unknown larvae were identified as D. mixtus. The association was confirmed by specimen rearing in aquaria.Based on morphology, larvae of D. mixtus key out together with Drusus croaticus in existing keys. D. mixtus is separated from the latter species by the shape of the anteromedian metanotal sclerites which are broadly triangular, whereas in D. croaticus the sclerites are almost parallel-sided, resembling a stretched rectangle. In addition, the two species are geographically well separated: D. croaticus is restricted to the confines of Croatia and Slovenia, whereas D. mixtus is only present in Switzerland and eastern France. With this present paper, all Central European Drusinae species except Drusus chapmani McL, 1901, (France, Switzerland) and D. noricus Malicky, 1981, an endemic from the Saualpe (Carinthia, Austria), are known in the larval stage.     

密度和温度对萼花臂尾轮虫产卵量和混交雌体的影响

用小球藻(Chlorella sp.)为食培养萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus),食物浓度约1×10~6cells/mL,温度25℃,光照强度约40001x,昼长比LD=18:6。在1.0mL、0.5mL和0.25mL培养液中同时进行单个体和群体培养。结果发现:1)单个体培养时每个母体平均产卵量分别为12.0,13.8和7.8个;后代个体中混交雌体的百分比分别是46.38％,53.49％和55.83％。2)群体培养时,每个母体平均产卵量分别为8.7、3.1和2.65个,随密度增加而减少;后代个体中混交雌体百分比分别为41.70％,53.59％和54.26％,群体培养的密度为4.0ind./mL与2.0ind./mL,2.0ind./mL与1.0ind./mL混交雌体的百分比差异不明显。母体密度高低与后代混交雌体百分比间具有明显相关性。在上述培养条件下,轮虫为1.0ind./mL时,进行单个体培养,分别用急剧冷休克(SS)、逐渐冷休克(GS)和恒温对照(C)进行处理,结果表明:个体平均产卵量分别为10.8、9.2和12.6个。后代混交雌体百分比分别为32.85、20.7和16.87,SS和C处间后其混交雌体比例具显著差异,而SS和GS,GS和C处理间没有显著差异。