“内蒙古政务地理信息系统”通过评审

由内蒙古测绘事业局组织、地图制印院承担的"内蒙古政务地理信息系统"项目初步完成,并于12月8日交由专家组评审通过。该系统目前已在内蒙古政务网上试运行。内蒙古政务地理信息系统适应"数字内蒙古"和自治区"电子政务"建设需要,以测绘空间数据为基础,借助于地理信息系统强大的图形表现和空间分析能力,以地图展示为主,辅以文字、图片、视频等表现形式,搭载自然、经济、政治和文化等信息,为全区各级政府部门提供多要素、多层次、多时态的区情地理空间信息服务。该系统目前包括基本区情和基础地理信息服务系统两部分内容。其中内蒙古区情地理信…     

经济社会发展中的大数据应用

通过全面系统地分析大数据特点和应用升级、大数据引发的新一轮产业革命、阐述大数据在国家基础数据库、电子政务业务、新型城镇化建设、物流公共信息服务、互联网金融、电子商务与企业信息化管理、世纪之村服务平台等行业的应用内容,指出当前中国大数据使用面临的问题与挑战,提出解决的方案和途径。     

《基于政府管理创新的电子政务理论与应用》一书已出版发行

由张震宇等主编的《基于政府管理创新的电子政务理论与应用》一书于2011年8月由西安地图出版社出版发行。该书分为三篇,分别从电子政务的理论、电子政务的实践、中美电子政务对比分析三部分详细阐述了电子政务的建设。该书系统介绍了电子政务、社会管理创新的相关理论,分析了国内外政府管理创新和电子政务建设的现状与趋势,结合我国以及河南省的实际,借鉴国内外成功的经验和做法,形成了一套比较完整的社会管理创新理论和电子     

地理大数据挖掘的本质

针对地理大数据的内在本质以及地理大数据挖掘对于地理学研究的意义,本文解释了地理大数据的含义,并在大数据“5V”特征的基础上提出了粒度、广度、密度、偏度和精度等“5度”的特征,揭示了地理大数据的本质特点。在此基础上,从地理大数据的表达方式、地理大数据挖掘的目标、地理模式的叠加与尺度性、地理大数据挖掘与地理学的关系等4个方面阐述了地理大数据挖掘的本质与作用,并从挖掘目标的角度对地理大数据挖掘方法进行分类。未来地理大数据挖掘的研究将面临地理大数据的聚合、挖掘结果的有效性评价以及发现有价值的知识而非常识等几方面的挑战。     

新疆国土资源数据中心的设计与实现

在分析了目前国土资源信息化建设现状的基础上,根据新疆国土资源数据中心建设的基本目标和要求,建立一个覆盖省级行政区的多类型、多尺度、多时态的综合性国土资源数据库,提出了新疆国土资源数据中心建设的思路,将多源异构的国土资源数据综合多种技术手段,建立数据分发与服务、数据共享、数据更新与维护的完整体系。介绍了基于GIS技术建设国土资源数据中心的技术和方法,详细介绍了数据中心系统的基本功能,并分析了国土资源数据中心与国土资源电子政务的关系。     

基于云服务的综合监管系统建设

为实现"天上看,地上查,网上管"的监管体系提供保障,确保国土资源政务管理高效、持续稳定运行,本次研究基于云服务的土地资源监管系统,全面提升国土资源管理的效率和管理水平,将对发挥电子政务绩效、提供公共服务社会效益起到重要作用。     

自然资源空间大数据对自然资源管理的支撑作用 ——以福建省为例

空间大数据在政务服务方面的应用是近年大数据战略的重要方向,本研究以福建省为例,在分析福建省自然资源空间大数据的建设现状基础上,分析了自然资源空间大数据对自然资源管理的支撑作用及当前存在的不足,并提出自然资源大数据在自然资源管理中的应用前景,对提升自然资源管理水平有积极的借鉴意义。     

河南省智慧城市建设:问题、方向与路径

智慧城市是新型城市建设的重要内容。河南省智慧城市建设已经取得一定成绩,但也存在不少问题,还处在初级阶段。要顺应智慧城市发展趋势,立足各城市实际,科学确定其发展方向与目标。河南省智慧城市建设的主要内容与路径包括加强智能化基础设施建设、营造普惠化的智慧民生、完善精细化的智慧政务和智慧城管、发展高端化的智慧经济以及打造一批智慧城市示范区域等。     

基于多维数据模型的城市建设用地数据挖掘研究——以北京市为例

针对城市建设用地数据的多源异构、多维、复杂度高等特点,探讨基于空间数据仓库理论挖掘城市建设用地潜在的空间信息,提出了面向城市建设用地利用的多维数据模型,并基于该模型构建了以城市建设用地利用为主题的空间数据仓库,实现空间数据挖掘过程.以北京市中心城区的建设用地扩展为例,研究了城市建设用地的空间格局及其演变特征,为城市建设用地管理提供决策依据,同时也为城市建设用地数据的集成、分析和高层决策支持提供了方法论.     

赤峰市自然资源多级一体化电子政务升级建设研究

根据自然资源部门机构改革和政府部门"放管服"改革等要求,在赤峰市自然资源局原国土资源电子政务平台基础上,结合实际业务需求并统筹考虑与上级业务关联,进行赤峰市自然资源电子政务一体化系统升级项目的功能变更、拓展和扩充.本次主要建设任务为:规划相关业务审批管理系统建设、实现与市政府电子政务平台对接、增加公文流转功能、建设移动...     

Understanding Causes of Conflict Over Common Village Pastures – A Comparative Analysis of Property Rights in Azerbaijan and Georgia

Abstract

Conflicts in the management of renewable natural resources are situations in which actors have diverging opinions on issues of natural resource use. In the literature, among the causal factors for conflicts discussed are resource wealth or scarcity and the role of governance. The evidence, however, is contradictory. In order to analyze the role of governance in more detail, we propose a combined analysis of property rights and conflicts. In this way, an improved understanding of the causes of local conflicts over renewable natural resources can be achieved. We use comparative case study data from pasture management in the Caucasus region, first, to classify conflicts according to the bundle of property rights approach and, second, to explore how the causal factors resource scarcity and current governance contribute to those conflicts.     

Legitimacy of Different Knowledge Types in Natural Resource Governance and Their Functions in Inter-Institutional Gaps

Abstract

This study expands the Inter-Institutional Gaps (IIGs) framework to conceptualize the legitimacy associated with different types of ecological knowledge (e.g., scientific, traditional and local) used in natural resource governance. We draw on primary qualitative data, and document analysis to examine a case of inland fisheries management in the north-eastern floodplain of Bangladesh. We posit that the pragmatic, moral, cognitive, and regulative legitimacy for different types of ecological knowledge are repeatedly reevaluated by rule-makers and resource users in the process of rule-devising. Results show that inter-institutional gaps may be perpetuated when formal rules do not sufficiently consider traditional and local ecological knowledge. While it is widely proposed that systematically incorporating different knowledge types can better address local-national policy problems, this study underscores that the source of legitimacies for different knowledge types often differs across formal and informal institutional actors. Recognizing the differences is critical to fishers’ resource management.     

A Geography of Place: principles and application for defining ‘eco-civic’ resource governance regions

River catchments have been the dominant form of regionalisation for natural-resource management in many countries since the 1980s. Local governments play a considerable role in planning with ever-increasing responsibilities for sustainable environmental management, planning and development controls. There has also been an increasing emphasis on community participation in resource management, which emphasises the need to re-examine the requirements for spatial definition of resource governance regions. This paper proposes three principles. First, the nature and reach of environmental externalities of resource use should determine the size and nesting of resource management regions. Second, the boundaries of resource governance regions should enclose areas of greatest interest and importance to local residents. Third, the biophysical characteristics of a resource governance region should be as homogenous as possible, which provides resource planning and management efficiencies. The paper describes a range of concepts and empirical techniques used to apply these principles to the derivation of a resource governance regionalisation of the State of New South Wales, Australia.     

Linked Boundary Functions: Examining the Role of ‘Research for Development’ Organizations in Integrating Levels of Resource Governance

Natural resource management practices such as community-based resource management (CBRM) are well-established bottom-up approaches to developing adaptive governance systems. Less is understood about how communities involved in such processes can attract top-down support without compromising their credibility or salience. We tested the usefulness of the linked boundary functions concept – boundary chains – for explaining the role of “research for development” (R4D) organizations in the integration of bottom-up community resource governance and top-down policy and legislative governance. We used the Australian Centre for Agricultural Research (ACIAR) in the Solomon Islands as a case study to probe the role of R4D organizations in this regard. The linked boundary functions concept proved useful in exploring the active functions of R4D organizations as actors that lend credibility, salience, and legitimacy to community-based governance initiatives. The concept of linked boundary functions or boundary chains can contribute to the current discussion in the complexity-aware theory of change and open new avenues for boundary management that enable the development of integrated resource governance in complex development contexts. This article contributes to the existing literature on the boundary spanning activities of R4D organizations.     

新时期国土空间治理单元功能认知及其融合路径——以成都市为例

国土空间治理是新时期中国国土资源开发、利用、保护、整治及修复的重要战略手段。当前国土空间治理体系在空间尺度上存在主导功能衔接失配,亟待统一不同尺度空间单元以统筹治理边界、提高治理效率。据此,面向传统治理单元管制边界的针对性问题导向,提出“通过不同理念或方式界定的国土空间单元具有不同的功能导向”等研究假设,并构建土地利用冲突、生态系统障碍、社会发展状态等指数在行政区划单元、自然生态单元、社会发展单元等治理单元上以成都市为例进行验证。结果表明,研究区国土空间治理问题属性的空间格局特征差异化显著,人类活动范围与自然环境限制之间的矛盾是导致区域内治理问题发生的核心因素。在空间相关性分析方面,所有治理问题类型在不同空间单元上均呈现显著自相关性,且均通过0.05显著性检验,但不同空间单元具有理论指向性特点。其中,社会发展单元更适合解决经济发展动力差距问题,自然生态单元更适合解决生态系统连通阻力问题,行政区划单元则更适合解决事权管理冲突问题。在此基础上,利用景观单元协调不同尺度空间单元的问题属性,将研究区划分为高山地带发展动力衰弱型（22.98%）、丘陵地带治理属性均衡型（11.55%）、乡村地区管理冲突加剧型（44.57%）、城乡边缘区发展主导复合型（9.44%）、核心建成区连通阻力增强型（11.46%）5类空间,进而实现多尺度空间单元的跨行政区融合路径。综合而言,有必要建立管理-保护-发展功能嵌套的空间单元集成体系,通过细化景观尺度将权力和责任从政府机构拓展至更广泛的行动参与者,系统地提升国土空间治理效能。     

Free satellite imagery and digital elevation model analyses enabling natural resource management in the developing world: Case studies from Eastern Indonesia

Decentralization of governance and natural resource management is an ongoing process in many parts of Africa and Asia. Natural resource management requires spatial land resource data for planning. However, currently the financial and human capacity for natural resource mapping, monitoring and modelling remains low in local governments. In this context, this paper explores how new opportunities provided by the increasing availability of free satellite imagery, digital elevation data and open source spatial analysis software, can be applied by local government and NGOs to conduct sophisticated natural resource mapping and modelling in ways that meet their needs and incorporates local knowledge. Reported are cases of a local government using free geospatial data and GIS software to improve evidence‐based natural resource management in the developing world with a focus on raster data applications for satellite image analysis and terrain modelling. It is argued that, through removing barriers to uptake, such applications provide a means of decentralizing landscape analysis skills to improve local natural resource management. This hypothesis is supported through examples of a local government applying these tools in eastern Indonesia, and within this context barriers to wider adoption are explored.     

行政区划研究的地理学支撑与展望

行政区划研究一直是人文—经济地理学的重要研究领域,与政治地理学、历史地理学、城市地理学具有非常密切的关系。行政区划本身也是一种资源的新论断,对于重新认识和发挥行政区划在空间治理和优化区域发展格局的作用具有非常重要的意义。在回顾总结行政区划研究历史的基础上,梳理了行政区划研究的发展脉络,分析了新时期政区设置的背景和影响因素发生的重大变化,如城镇化进程改变了人口经济集聚的空间格局,自然地理格局对行政区划设置的影响日益减小,交通通讯条件的改善为扩大管理幅度创造了条件。结合空间治理的新需求提出了新时期的行政区划研究应把握3条主线,分别是优化和提高区域管理效率、预防和保障区域治理安全和推进政区精准精细化管理。从推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化出发,提出行政层级和管辖幅度的优化可以提高空间治理效率;缩小经济强省和面积大省的管辖幅度可以保障空间治理安全;合理的管辖幅度和基层政区的优化设置有助于加强空间治理的精准化和精细化。科学合理的行政区划调整可以让空间治理更好的发挥作用,为构建适合我国国情的空间治理体系提供基础支撑。     

Developing Governance Principles for Public Natural Resources

Wildlife governance principles (WGPs) identify desirable governance characteristics for wildlife conservation in the United States (US). The types of institutional, ecological, and socio-cultural challenges that WGPs are designed to address also affect governance of public natural resources other than wildlife and in places other than the US. This raises the possibility that a similar set of governance principles might help natural resource professionals working in other resource contexts address the particular challenges they face. We describe the process by which we developed WGPs and offer seven practically oriented questions to help natural resource professionals ascertain whether a similar set of principles could improve governance in their context. In some contexts, minor modification of WGPs might be appropriate; in others, the process by which we developed WGPs could serve as a blueprint for formulating appropriate principles.     

From Community Forest Management to Polycentric Governance: Assessing Evidence from the Bottom Up

Decentralization of governance is an emerging trend in many natural resource sectors in both developed and developing countries. Despite the normative agenda of community-based natural resource management for social and ecological outcomes, a shift to multilevel or polycentric theorizing is warranted. Polycentric governance recognizes the importance of cross-scale interactions, as well as the horizontal and vertical institutional linkages of authority, networks, and markets in which community institutions are embedded. Based on qualitative community forestry research in Revelstoke, British Columbia, Canada, this article explores the themes of livelihood and local economy, collaborative forest planning and participation, and environmental governance. Bottom-up empirical evidence suggests that viewing community forestry through a polycentric governance network is necessary for theorizing complex cross-scale dynamics. Incentivizing policies that encourage the development of polycentric systems for natural resource governance is important for maintaining local benefits, while increasing adaptive capacity to deal with complex social–ecological challenges.     

“行政区划本身也是一种重要资源”的理论创新与应用

行政区划是国家治理体系和组织结构的基本形式,也是中央政府统治和管理全国各地的有效手段,是事关国家政治、经济和社会发展全局的重大战略问题。就“行政区划本身也是一种重要资源”的论断进行多视角的分析,提出“行政区划资源论”这一全新的理论解读。分别从空间、权力、行政和政策角度探讨行政区划的资源属性,并从行政资源的空间配置、生产要素的优化配置、权力资源的空间整合、空间资源的优化重组和政策资源的空间载体等多个角度剖析行政区划的资源效应,最后提出应当将“行政区划资源论”这一新论断积极应用至主体功能区规划、空间规划、空间治理体系建设等实践领域,完善目前行政区划设置和调整的思路与要求,建立健全与国家发展战略及综合配套改革相适应的行政区划体系和管理框架。