基于SPOT 5卫星影像的空间数据快速更新

介绍了SPOT 5卫星HRG、HRS影像,讨论了SPOT 5影像空中三角测量的方法,以及利用SPOT 5影像进行DEM、DOM、DLG等地理信息产品生产的流程,对比了有、无地面控制纠正SPOT 5影像的精度情况,最后分析了SPOT 5影像在空间数据快速更新中的作用。     

利用SPOT5卫星影像制作DOM的工艺流程探讨

本文探讨了利用SPOT5卫星影像制作DOM的处理流程和技术方法，总结了制作DOM的优选方案。     

利用SPOT卫星遥感影像测绘1：50000地形图的探讨

目前，高分辨率的卫星遥感影像逐步商业化，国内外不断把卫星遥感影像应用于测绘领域。本文主要分析，研究利用SPOT卫星遥感影像测绘1：50000地形图的地理精度和地物判断能力，认为在山地，高山地地区基本上可以利用SPOT卫星遥感影像测绘1：50000地形图。     

SPOT5影像严格几何纠正方法研究

根据SPOT卫星的成像原理和特点,讨论了对SPOT5卫星影像按共线方程法进行有控制点的几何纠正的方法,经对关中、陕北和陕南三种地形的影像纠正结果进行对比检验,证明了该方法精度达到了较高水平。     

利用物理方法确定外方位元素的卫星立体摄影测量的精度分析

本文在分析用物理方法确定外方位元素的情况下卫星立体摄影测量的精度影响因素,推导了卫星立体摄影测量的理论精度计算公式,并以SPOT5 HRS立体像对为例,计算了SPOT5 HRS立体测量的理论精度,进行了利用少量地面控制点的立体测量试验。结果证明卫星立体摄影测量的理论精度估算公式是正确的,同时SPOT5 HRS立体测量精度能够满足1∶50000测图的要求。     

高分辨率卫星影像GPS像控点数据库建设研究

本通过对SPOT2.5m高分辨率卫星影像数据校正采用的各类控制资料的分析,阐述了GPS像控点数据库建设的必要性,通过对像控点的选取、外业施测、精度评价及GPS像控点数据库建设等论述,提出了选用GPS控制点作为SPOT2.5m高分辨率卫星影像数据校正控制资料,可保证影像校正精度、节省时间和减少投资。     

SPOT卫星系统性能及应用简介

1 引言 地球资源遥感卫星是众多遥感探测器中最主要的一种,它的目标十分明确,它是探测地球资源与环境的遥感卫星。美国的Landsat、法国的SPOT、中巴合作的CBERS、日本的JRS、欧共体的ERS、加拿大的Radarsat,印度的地球资源卫星都是属于此类。它们是目前世界上最常用的遥感卫星。在法国国家宇航局和中国科学院的支持下,对北京密云卫星接收站的设备进行了升级改造,实现了在中国直接接收、存档、和处理SPOT     

常用卫星遥感影像的介绍和用于制图的分析

介绍了国际上常用的Landsat和SPOT卫星遥感影像的主要参数和背景知识，并对它们应用于各种比例尺地图制图的适宜性进行了分析。     

Resourcesat-1（IRS—P6）卫星及其传感器

2003年10月17日由印度发射的Resourcesat-1(也称IRS—P6)卫星为太阳同步、近地极轨道卫星，从其轨道模型看，具有典型的光学遥感卫星的特点，与中国遥感卫星地面站正在接收的CBERS、Landsat和SPOT等卫星的轨道特性非常类似。该卫星包括多光谱传感器LISS-4和LISS-3以及高级广角传感器AWiFS，各传感器的特性如表1所示。     

1:50 000卫星遥感(SPOT 5)数字正射影像数据生产的基本环节及质量控制

数据质量控制提供了1:50 000卫星遥感(SPOT 5)数字正射影像数据生产的质量保证,1:50 000卫星遥感(SPOT 5)数字正射影像数据生产过程包括许多中间重要的环节,每个环节都决定着卫星遥感(SPOT 5)数字正射影像产品的最终质量.     

General non-iterative solution of the inverse and direct geodetic problems

Summary Improved practical and theoretical formulas are presented for the calculation of geodetic distances, azimuths, and positions on a spheroid. The formulas are designed for use with either electronic computers or desk calculators. For the latter, the formulas lend themselves to the construction of useful interpolation tables. The report includes convenient computation forms and auxiliary equations which assure a high degree of accuracy for any geodetic line, no matter how short or long (up to half or fully around the earth) and regardless of its orientation or location. Numerical examples illustrate the complete calculation procedure.     

Gravity recovery using COSMIC GPS data: application of orbital perturbation theory

 COSMIC is a joint Taiwan–US mission to study the atmosphere using the Global Positioning System (GPS) occultation technique. Improved formulas are developed for the radial, along-track, and cross-track perturbations, which are more accurate than the commonly used order-zero formulas. The formulas are used to simulate gravity recovery using the geodetic GPS data of COSMIC in the operational phase. Results show that the EGM96 model can be improved up to degree 26 using 1 year of COSMIC data. TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data are used to derive a temporal gravity variation. COSMIC cannot reproduce this gravity variation perfectly because of data noise and orbital configuration, but the recovered field clearly shows the gravity signature due to mass movement in an El Ni?o. Received: 3 March 2000 / Accepted: 10 November 2000     

不同固体潮改正公式及国家重力网的统一

本文讨论了不同的潮汐公式,及其引起的重力测量计算成果不一致的问题,计算了当潮汐改正公式不统一时,对我国范围内绝对重力测量、相对重力测量、重力仪长基线格值因子标定、重力仪短基线周期误差标定及物探重力控制测量成果的影响,分析了我国85重力基本网所选取的绝对重力控制点之间的一致性、控制点与我国85网相对联测平差结果的一致性、以及85网与我国一等重力控制同之间的一致性问题。最后,为统一我国重力控制测量成果提出了一些建议。     

Numerical solution of geodetic boundary value problems using a global reference field

One of the most serious practical limitations of boundary element methods for gravity field determination is that they cannot make efficient use of existing satellite geopotential models. Three basic approaches to solving the problem are developed: (1) alternative representation formulas; (2) modified kernel functions of classical representation formulas; and (3) modified trial and test spaces. The three methods are tested and compared for the altimetry–gravimetry II boundary value problem. It is shown that there is in fact a significant improvement when compared to the pure boundary element solution. Most promising is the method of multiscale trial and test spaces which, in addition, yields sparse system matrices. Received: 7 September 1998 / Accepted: 16 June 1999     

关于大比例尺地形图高程精度检验公式的探讨

介绍了的地形图验收依据,不同依据给定的高程精度验收的计算公式,文章分析了根据真误差计算中误差的公式,文章分析了国标、地标公式理论来源,目前地形图的高程测绘及检验高程的获得,探讨最佳公式。     

Determination of the potential of homogeneous polyhedral bodies using line integrals

For the determination of the potential of irregular inhomogeneous bodies they can be decomposed into (polyhedral) parts of homogeneous density. Efficient formulas for the computation of the gravitational potential (and its first and second derivatives) of homogeneous polyhedral bodies are presented. They are obtained using a transformation of the volume integral into line integrals. The most important property of the solution is that all ten quantities under consideration (potential, 3 components of the gravitation vector, 6 components of the tensor of the second derivatives) can be represented by using only two different line integrals. Furthermore, all coordinate transformations needed in the evaluation are chosen in such a way that they do not appear in the final result. The consequence, favorable for efficient programming, is that the same transcendental expressions along each edge of the polyhedron are needed for all ten quantities; even the same linear combinations of them for individual surfaces are appearing in different formulas. The expressions obtained are probably the simplest possible, which is also reflected in the fact that for the special case of a right rectangular prism they may easily be specialized to the usual well-known formulas. Received 28 Juni 1994; Accepted 13 September 1996     

Spherical integral transforms of second-order gravitational tensor components onto third-order gravitational tensor components

New spherical integral formulas between components of the second- and third-order gravitational tensors are formulated in this article. First, we review the nomenclature and basic properties of the second- and third-order gravitational tensors. Initial points of mathematical derivations, i.e., the second- and third-order differential operators defined in the spherical local North-oriented reference frame and the analytical solutions of the gradiometric boundary-value problem, are also summarized. Secondly, we apply the third-order differential operators to the analytical solutions of the gradiometric boundary-value problem which gives 30 new integral formulas transforming (1) vertical-vertical, (2) vertical-horizontal and (3) horizontal-horizontal second-order gravitational tensor components onto their third-order counterparts. Using spherical polar coordinates related sub-integral kernels can efficiently be decomposed into azimuthal and isotropic parts. Both spectral and closed forms of the isotropic kernels are provided and their limits are investigated. Thirdly, numerical experiments are performed to test the consistency of the new integral transforms and to investigate properties of the sub-integral kernels. The new mathematical apparatus is valid for any harmonic potential field and may be exploited, e.g., when gravitational/magnetic second- and third-order tensor components become available in the future. The new integral formulas also extend the well-known Meissl diagram and enrich the theoretical apparatus of geodesy.     

一类球谐函数与三角函数乘积积分的计算

本文根据球谐函数的跨次递推公式和三角函数的性质,详细推导了在重力梯度调和分析中出现的一类球谐函数积分的跨次递推公式和递推初始值的计算公式。数值试验表明,球谐函数跨次递推算法具有快速、稳定的优点。该类积分的跨次递推实现,为卫星重力梯度调和分析奠定了算法基础。     

Big Data and cloud computing: innovation opportunities and challenges

ABSTRACT

Big Data has emerged in the past few years as a new paradigm providing abundant data and opportunities to improve and/or enable research and decision-support applications with unprecedented value for digital earth applications including business, sciences and engineering. At the same time, Big Data presents challenges for digital earth to store, transport, process, mine and serve the data. Cloud computing provides fundamental support to address the challenges with shared computing resources including computing, storage, networking and analytical software; the application of these resources has fostered impressive Big Data advancements. This paper surveys the two frontiers – Big Data and cloud computing – and reviews the advantages and consequences of utilizing cloud computing to tackling Big Data in the digital earth and relevant science domains. From the aspects of a general introduction, sources, challenges, technology status and research opportunities, the following observations are offered: (i) cloud computing and Big Data enable science discoveries and application developments; (ii) cloud computing provides major solutions for Big Data; (iii) Big Data, spatiotemporal thinking and various application domains drive the advancement of cloud computing and relevant technologies with new requirements; (iv) intrinsic spatiotemporal principles of Big Data and geospatial sciences provide the source for finding technical and theoretical solutions to optimize cloud computing and processing Big Data; (v) open availability of Big Data and processing capability pose social challenges of geospatial significance and (vi) a weave of innovations is transforming Big Data into geospatial research, engineering and business values. This review introduces future innovations and a research agenda for cloud computing supporting the transformation of the volume, velocity, variety and veracity into values of Big Data for local to global digital earth science and applications.     

等角投影变换的常系数公式及其在高斯—克吕格投影换带中的应用

讨论了等角投影变换的常系数一般公式及应用模型,墨卡托投影和高斯－克吕格投影问题的正解变换及其在高斯－克吕格投影换带中的应用,常系数计算公式优于传统的变系数计算公式,是基于计算机的等角投影变换的最佳模型,它在计算机制图,地理数据库,ＧＩＳ等领域中有着广泛的应用。