EDTA对罗非鱼嗅觉的影响及其解毒作用

将５种浓度的ＥＤＴＡ和９种含有不同比例的重金属离子、ＥＤＴＡ混合液分别灌注罗非鱼嗅囊,观测这些溶液中甲硫氨酸引起的嗅电图的影响,研究ＥＤＴＡ对重金属染毒钱瓣可行性和最佳配方,并探讨了其可能机理,结果如下：（１）ＥＤＴＡ对ＥＯＧ有抑制和促进两方面影响。当浓度低于３７２ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３时,ＥＤＴＡ抑制ＥＯＧ反应、浓度越低,抑制作用越明显。当浓度大于３７２ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３时,则促进ＥＯＧ反应,浓度越高,促进     

黄河口水域微量重金属表观络合容量研究

本文采用物理涂汞膜电极阳极溶出伏安法络合滴定技术结合i_p-E_a*特性曲线的研究,完成了黄河口水域两个站位的微量重金属(Cu、Pb、Cd)的表观络合容量测定.结果表明,黄河口水样中微量重金属的表观络合容量大小顺序为:Cu>Cd>Pb,近岸水样比远岸水样的表观络合容量高.同时还对紫外线照射对有机配位体的破坏效应及电解池壁的吸附效应进行了研究,并利用i_p-E_a*特性曲线探讨了海水中微量重金属在电极上还原的机理.     

末次冰期陆架古环境新说——《陆架沙漠化》一书评介

末次冰期陆架古环境新说——《陆架沙漠化》一书评介ＳＯＭＥＣＯＭＭＥＮＴＳＯＮ“ＣＯＮＴＩＮＥＮＴＡＬＳＨＥＬＦＤＥＳＥＲＴＩＺＡＴＩＯＮ”——ＡＮＥＷＴＨＥＯＲＹＯＦＣＯＮＴＩＮＥＮＴＡＬＳＨＥＬＦＰＡＬＥＯＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＤＵＲＩＮＧＬＡＳＴ...     

大西洋中脊TAG热液活动区中热液沉积物的稀土元素地球？…

用ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ对ＴＡＧ热液活动区表层热液沉积物中６个块状硫化物样品进行了稀土元素分析。所有样品均表现出正Ｅｕ异常和ＬＲＥＥ相对富集的球粒陨石标准化配分模式,热液沉积物样品中稀土元素组成的变化是由于海底热液循环体系中热液流体和涨水不同程度混合作用的结果,     

Transgressions of Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary in Eastern China

ＴＲＡＮＳＧＲＥＳＳＩＯＮＳＯＦＬＡＴＥＣＲＥＴＡＣＥＯＵＳＴＯＥＡＲＬＹＴＥＲＴＩＡＲＹＩＮＥＡＳＴＥＲＮＣＨＩＮＡＱｉｕＳｏｎｇｙｕ，ＬｕＢｉｎｇｌｉ，ＣｈｅｎＹｏｎｇｃｈｅｎｇ（ＪｉｌｉｎＨｅａｄｑｕａｒｔｅｒｓＯｆＰｅｔｒｏｌｅｕｍＰｒｏｓｐ...     

矿产地质学家谭启新研究员简介

矿产地质学家谭启新研究员简介ＢＲＩＥＦＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＰＲＯＦ．ＴＡＮＱＩＸＩＮ，ＡＭＩＮＥＲＡＬＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＧＥＯＬＯＧＩＳＴ谭启新研究员，１９６０—１９６５年就读于长春地质学院地质系，毕业后，就职于陕西省地矿局、山东省地矿局，１９...     

我国环境地质状况及值得重视的若干问题

我国环境地质状况及值得重视的若干问题ＳＩＴＵＡＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＣＨＩＮＡ＇ＳＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＬＧＥＯＬＯＧＹＡＮＤＳＯＭＥＰＲＯＢＬＥＭＳＴＨＡＴＭＥＲＩＴＡＴＴＥＮＴＩＯＮＳ我国人口众多，地质条件复杂，各种环境地质和灾害地质问题极为突出和严重...     

ENSO期热带太平洋和印度洋海温异常对亚洲夏季风变异影响的数值研究

本文采用ＡＧＣＭ研究了ＥＮＳＯ期间热带太在和印度洋ＳＳＴＡ对亚洲夏季风变异影响的特点和相对重要性。     

系统分析在渔业资源、生态环境工程研究中的应用

文章得到相建海、董金海以及邓景耀、李德尚、罗秉 征、唐启升、周名江研究员书面或口头上的帮助，在 此诚表谢意。 中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第２９３５号。ＴＨＥ ＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＳ ＯＦ ＳＹＳＴＥＭ ＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳ ＭＥＴＨＯＤＳ ＩＮ ＦＩＳＨＥＲＹＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＳ ＳＴＵＤＹ ＡＮＤ ＥＣＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬ ＥＮＶＩＲＯＭＥＮＴＡＬ ＥＮＧＩ－ＮＥＥＲＩＮＧ 系统理论与系统分析应用于渔业资源、生态环境工程始于６０年代，现已成为定量研究渔业资源、生态环境工程必不可少的工具之一，并已为大家普遍接受。…     

电位溶出伏安滴定法测定人工海水中铜-胡敏酸络合物的条件稳定常数

近年来,重金属离子与有机物的相互作用日益受到环境化学家的重视。许多研究表明,有机物会影响天然水中重金属的存在形式及其毒性。对水生物来说,与有机物络合的铜,其毒性较铜离子小得多;且有机铜络合物愈稳定,毒性愈小。所以研究重金属离子与有机物的相互作用,对环境化学和生态学都有着重要的意义。研究重金属离子与有机物相互作用的方法之一是用阳极溶出伏安法跟随重金属离子与有机物的络合滴定,以确定水体中有机物的络合能力;并用该络合滴定的数据估算络     

Potentiometric determination of calcium and magnesium in seawater

Methods are described for the complexometric determination of calcium and magnesium in seawater, using an amalgamated silver electrode for end-point detection. In the presence of a small amount of mercury(II)-chelonate, the amalgamated silver electrode serves as a pM indicator during the complexometric titration, the Hg complex being stronger than Ca, Mg and Sr complexes. Calcium is determined by titration with EGTA, calcium+magnesium+strontium by titration with EDTA and magnesium is obtained by difference. Average values of 0.02120 (standard deviation 0.00004) for Ca:Cl‰ and 0.06671 (standard deviation 0.00014) for Mg:Cl‰ were obtained for samples from tropical North Atlantic Ocean.     

Computer-processed potentiometric titration for the determination of calcium and magnesium in sea water

An improved potentiometric titration method for the determination of calcium and magnesium in sea water has been newly devised. In this method, a mini-computer is used for the automation of titrations, and ion-selective electrodes are used as an end-point detector. Calcium is determined by titration with EGTA, and total alkaline earth metals (magnesium + calcium + strontium) by titration with EDTA. Magnesium can be determined by the difference, strontium having been determined by a suitable method. In the present method, calcium and magnesium in sea water can be determined with a precision of 0.1 %.     

用Ag2S电极电位滴定法测定海水氯度

本文以Ag_2S银离子电极为指示电极,第二种离子选择电极为参比电极组成无液接测量系统,对海水中高含量氯的测定进行了研究。试验表朋,以氟电极或玻璃电极作参比电极,在酸性溶液中,电位突跃约为140mV,终点明显,尤其是氟电极作参比电极,电位较稳定。证明了在酸性溶液中,可以不加有机试剂直接测定海水中高含量氯。     

Alkalinity determination in hypersaline solutions: a method for overcoming glass electrode errors

The non-ideality of commercially available glass pH electrode normally used for alkalinity determination by the Gran-type titration has been examined and its effect on the accuracy of the estimated alkalinity evaluated. It is found that slope errors of the glass electrode could be a limiting factor to the accuracy that can be obtained. This error source could be eliminated altogether by applying the proposed ‘slope correction’ algorithm which uses the titration data for in situ slope calibration of the glass electrode. Application of the proposed method eliminates the need for calibration of the glass electrode and the requirement for thermostating the test solution.     

饲料中钙、磷和水体盐度对南美白对虾幼虾生长的影响

用不同钙、磷含量的配合饲料在不同的盐度水体中对南美白对虾幼虾 (Penaeus vannamei)进行饲养试验.试验采取 L9(3 4),磷添加量设 3个水平 0%, 0.75%, 1.5%;钙添加量设 3个水平 0%, 0.75%, 1.5%;水体盐度设 3个水平 4, 17, 30.结果显示,各因素对南美白对虾体质量日增率、饲料系数、成活率的影响大小为盐度 >磷 >钙,对蛋白质效率的影响大小为盐度 >钙 >磷.盐度 4时,不添加钙的组体质量日增率、饲料系数、成活率和蛋白质效率最差;盐度 17时,饲料中磷的添加非常重要.南美白对虾幼虾最适的生长因素是盐度为 17,钙添加量为 1.5%,磷添加量为 1.5%     

蓝藻钙信号的研究进展

近年来对钙离子在蓝藻信号传导中的潜在作用进行了研究。大量证据表明,蓝藻能够“感知”与“区分”不同的环境刺激,并以钙瞬变的形式产生反应。这是不同的环境刺激所引起的钙离子的内流或外流的结果。由氮缺乏所引起的钙信号对丝状蓝藻鱼腥藻异型胞的分化非常关键。鱼腥藻PCC7120中钙结合蛋白（CcbP）的发现为钙信号在蓝藻中的作用提供了进一步的证据,CcbP的降解或表达下调是氮缺乏时钙信号产生的主要原因。但是与真核生物相比,蓝藻钙信号的编码与解码机制还不清楚。因此,为了解钙信号如何在蓝藻中发挥作用,还要进行系统的、深入的研究,特别是从细胞水平了解钙信号的动力学特征。     

Biogrouting of hydraulic fill fine sands for reclamation projects

ABSTRACT

Biogrouting, which is a new method for soil improvement, was used in an attempt to cement a type of hydraulic fill fine sands (called black sands) in reclamation projects in Tianjin, China, to form a working layer for mechanical equipment. Several factors influencing biogrouting with regard to cementing solution, including injection frequency, reaction time, concentration, and flow rate, were controlled to prepare black sand columns. This paper reports on an investigation of bacterial fixation, calcium ion utilization, and calcium carbonate distributions of biogrouted sand specimens. At the end of the tests, the geotechnical performances of the sand specimens were determined. The results showed that the biogrouting method effectively solidified black sands, by increasing the unconfined compressive strength of a sand column to 1.91?MPa and reducing the permeability coefficient by three orders of magnitude. A relationship between the unconfined compressive strengths and calcium carbonate contents was put forward, in addition to a relationship between the permeability coefficients and the calcium carbonate contents. According to the experimental results, some reasonable suggestions regarding the application of biogrouting to the consolidation of hydraulic fill fine sands in reclamation projects were proposed.     

The influence of particle morphology on microbially induced CaCO3 clogging in granular media

Abstract

Sporosarcina pasteurii (ATCC 11859) is a nitrogen-circulating bacterium capable of precipitating calcium carbonate given a calcium source and urea. This microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is able to infill inter-granular porosity and act as a biological clogging agent, thus having a wide potential application in strengthening coastal foundations, preventing erosion by seas and rivers and in reducing sand liquefaction potential in coastal areas. A successful MICP application requires the understanding of the primary parameters that influence the microbially mediated process to achieve its engineering goals, such as injection scheme, chemical concentrations, retention times, and injection rates. However, the granular morphology has generally been oversimplified to ideal shape without enough consideration in previous studies. The following explores the critical micro-scale influence of particle morphology on mechanisms of microbially induced clogging. Spherical, non-spherical and angular particles were used as granular aggregates in permeating column experiments with the resulting permeability and calcium carbonate content of the treated aggregates examined. Microscopic examination (SEM) defines the features of the distribution of microbially precipitated calcium carbonate and the forms of clogging. The results show: (1) given a fixed duration of treatment, the calcium carbonate content for the spherical particle aggregate is significantly higher than that for near-spherical and angular particle aggregates; (2) for identical durations of treatment, the maximum permeability reduction occurs for angular particles (rather than for spherical particles with the highest carbonate content). This suggests that the microscopic distribution of calcium carbonate is significantly influenced by particle morphology, exerting a critical control in the effectiveness of clogging. SEM images indicate that the microbial calcium carbonate precipitates encapsulate the spherical particles as a near-uniform shell and occlude the pore space only by increasing the shell thickness. In contrast, the near-spherical and angular particles are only partially coated by a calcium carbonate film with scattered crystals of vaterite and calcite further clogging the void space. The polyhedral nature of the non-spherical particles tends to result in a slot-shaped pore structure which critically defines the hydraulic conductivity of the ensemble medium. As the microbial vaterite and calcite continue to accumulate on the particle surface, these slot-shaped pore structures become increasingly more tortuous – resulting in a noticeable reduction of permeability at a lower calcium carbonate content.     

Using recycled calcium sources to solidify sandy soil through microbial induced carbonate precipitation

Abstract

The use of calcium solutions is a cost-limiting factor for bio-cement production from microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). The aim of this article is to analyse the feasibility of using recycled calcium sources to solidify sand, including oyster shells, scallop shells and eggshells, by comparing the physical and mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of solidified sand with different recycled calcium sources and chemical calcium nitrate. The results show that oyster shells have the optimal effect on MICP, with values of permeability, dry density, unconfined compressive strength and calcium carbonate precipitation of 1.12?×?10^?4 m s^?1, 2.09?g cm^?3, 1454.6?kPa and 15.28%, respectively. Strength values of bio-cemented sands made from different recycled calcium sources in this article range from 845.1 to 1454.6?kPa. According to the SEM and XRD analysis, calcium carbonates originating from the above recycled calcium sources precipitate as globular vaterite, whereas the precipitation from calcium nitrate is a cluster mixture of vaterite and calcite. Oyster shells, scallop shells and eggshells derived from kitchen waste, which is more economical and environmentally friendly than calcium nitrate, can be applied as recycled calcium solutions in MICP.     

海洋固体颗粒主要无机组份表面羟基形态分布特征

本文根据海洋固体颗粒主要无机组份表面羟基的酸碱特性，描述了其表面羟基存在形态随ＰＨ变化特征，并研究了据零电荷点定义直接由表面羟基分布曲线测定颗粒零电荷点ＰＨｐｚｃ的新方法。