Origin of trondhjemite and albitite at the expense of A-type granite,Aravalli orogen,India:Evidence from new metasomatic replacement fronts

The A-type Harsora-Dadikar granites in the Alwar complex of northern Aravalli orogen,NW India provide evidence for subsolidus-requilibration of feldspars.They record three new discrete stages of albitisation,producing trondhjemite and albitite sequentially at the expense of original granite.Stage-Ⅰ metasomatism deanorthised the magmatic oligoclase and transformed the grey least-albitised granite to pinkish grey microcline-oligoclase granite.Stage-II converted the latter to trondhjemite by replacement of microcline to oligoclase.Stage-Ⅲ metasomatism led to the formation of albitite/albite granite from trondhjemite,where the metasomatically formed oligoclase was replaced by albite.This stage of metasomatism resulted in nearly complete disappearance of amphibole and biotite,producing a monomineralic rock(albitite),which is consistent with Korzhinskii theory of infiltration metasomatism.The reaction fronts delineating the Stage-Ⅱ and Stage-Ⅲ are sharp and easily discernible by their prominent color differences in Harsora on the outcrop scale.Chemically,the mineral transformations during three stages are manifested by the differential gains/losses in Na,K,Ca,Rb,Ba,Sr,Fe and Mg.The formation of albite,Cl-rich marialitic scapolite and Cl-rich amphibole in the albitised granites are suggestive of Naand Cl-brines as the metasomatising fluids.The fluid-rock interactions,which can significantly transform the pristine mineralogy of granitoids,should be carefully considered to avoid any misinterpretations about their petrological history.     

Metasomatism of ferroan granites in the northern Aravalli orogen,NW India: geochemical and isotopic constraints,and its metallogenic significance

The late Palaeoproterozoic (1.72–1.70 Ga) ferroan granites of the Khetri complex, northern Aravalli orogen, NW India, were extensively metasomatised ~900 Ma after their emplacement, at around 850–830 Ma by low-temperature (ca. 400 °C) meteoric fluids that attained metamorphic character after exchanging oxygen with the surrounding metamorphic rocks. Albitisation is the dominant metasomatic process that was accompanied by Mg and Ca metasomatism. A two-stage metasomatic model is applicable to all the altered ferroan intrusives. The stage I is represented by a metasomatic reaction interface that developed as a result of transformation of the original microcline–oligoclase (An_12–14) granite to microcline–albite (An_1–3) granite, and this stage is rarely preserved. In contrast, the stage II metasomatic reaction front, where the microcline-bearing albite granite has been transformed to microcline-free albite granite, is readily recognisable in the field and present in most of the intrusives. Some of them lack an obvious reaction interface due to the presence of stage II albite granites only. When studied in isolation, these intrusives were incorrectly classified and their tectonic setting was misinterpreted. Furthermore, our results show that the mafic mineralogy of metasomatised granites has a significant impact on the characterisation of such rocks in the magmatic classification and discrimination diagrams. Nevertheless, the stage I metasomatised granites can be appropriately characterised in these diagrams, whereas the characterisation of the stage II granites will lead to erroneous interpretations. The close spatial association of these high heat producing ferroan granites with iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG), U and REE mineralisation in the region indicates a genetic link between the metasomatism and the mineralisation. World-class IOCG, U and REE deposits are associated with metasomatised ferroan granites, suggesting that such a relationship may act as a critical first-order exploration target for undiscovered mineral deposits.     

Geochemical characteristics of the niobium-rich arfvedsonite granites, Younger Granites province of Nigeria

Arfvedsonite granites are most prevalent in the northern sector of the Nigerian anorogenic ring-complex province wherein they form the main granitic rocks at Kudaru and Fagam and are important components of Kila-Warji, Ririwai and Dutsen-Wai ring-complexes. The albitized variety of these rocks hosts pyrochlore to varying extents depending on the degree of albitization and are, therefore, important targets for niobium investigation. Geochemical data of the granites reveal that niobium has a mean concentration of 111 ppm in the arfvedsonite granite, increasing to 168 ppm in the aegirine arfvedsonite granite and reaching 1568 ppm in the albite arfvedsonite granite. Niobium is thus enriched in the albite arfvedsonite granite by a factor of 8-11 relative to its mean value in the aegirine arfvedsonite and arfvedsonite granites, respectively. Uranium contents show a sympathetic trend with niobium, being also enriched in the albite arfvedsonite granite relative to its abundance in both the aegirine arfvedsonite granite and arfvedsonite granite by a factor of 15. The uranium abundance in the albite arfvedsonite granite is more than 48 times higher than the mean background values in low-calcium granite.The REE fractionation patterns in all three arfvedsonite granite varieties are characterized by enrichment of both the light (La-Sm) and heavy (Gd-Lu) rare earth elements and a significant negative Eu anomaly. The albite arfvedsonite granite is, however, preferentially more enriched in the heavy REE relative to the aegirine arfvedsonite and the arfvedsonite granites. A plot of the ∑REE against Na₂O and niobium reveals positive correlation in the arfvedsonite granites. There is also a linear relationship and strongly positive correlation between Nb and Na₂O because the pyrochlore is most abundant in the most extensively albitized variety of the arfvedsonite granites.     

巴尔哲超大型稀有稀土矿床成矿机制研究

巴尔哲矿床中的矿化和非矿化碱性花岗岩主要造岩矿物均为微斜长石、石英、钠闪石和钠长石,但其相对含量及颗粒大小明显不同,且两类岩石中包裹体的组成特征及锆石的结晶习性也有显著差异.主量元素分析显示,矿化与非矿化碱性花岗岩均以富硅、富碱、贫镁和钙为特征,为较典型的非造山A型花岗岩.尽管矿化碱性花岗岩中K_2O和Na_2O的含量均没有明显的增加,但其Na+K/Al、Na_2O+K_2O/CaO、FeO~*/MgO及K_2O/MgO等岩石化学参数与非矿化碱性花岗岩明显不同.在矿化碱性花岗岩中除了矿化的稀土元素及Nb、Zr强烈富集外,U、Th及Y也明显富集,而Ba、Sr、P、Eu和Ti表现为强烈的亏损.在非矿化碱性花岗岩中除了大离子亲石元素Rb略有富集外,稀土元素、Nb、Zr、U、Th、Ta及Y并无明显富集,虽然Sr、P、Eu和Ti也表现为亏损,但与矿化碱性花岗岩相比其亏损程度明显降低.岩相学、岩石化学及微量元素地球化学特征显示,矿化碱性花岗岩不可能是非矿化碱性花岗岩硅化和钠长石化作用的产物,二者应是同一岩浆体系不同演化阶段熔体固结的产物.K/Rb、Rb/Sr及δEu等地球化学参数显示,矿化碱性花岗岩是高演化A型花岗质熔体固结的产物;而岩石学、包裹体及地球化学特征则显示,这种高演化的A型花岗质熔体已经进入了岩浆一热液过渡阶段.巴尔哲矿床稀有稀土元素的超常富集和成矿与A型花岗岩的高演化过程密切相关.     

西藏拉隆穹窿淡色花岗岩中石榴子石矿物学研究及对岩浆-热液过程的指示

为建立淡色花岗岩演化和稀有金属成矿的矿物学指标,本文选取了北喜马拉雅拉隆淡色花岗岩的石榴子石为研究对象,对其开展电子探针分析和矿物原位LA-ICP-MS微量分析,结果表明MnO含量从白云母花岗岩(12.42%~13.48%)到钠长石花岗岩(16.83%~22.09%)逐渐增高,白云母花岗岩石榴子石主要为铁铝榴石,钠长石花岗岩中石榴子石主要为锰铝榴石,其均为典型岩浆成因的石榴子石。石榴子石微量元素结果显示白云母花岗岩和钠长石花岗岩石榴子石稀土均呈现HREE富集、LREE亏损,Eu负异常的特征。从白云母花岗岩到钠长石花岗岩,石榴子石中Zn含量增加,Sc、Y和HREE等元素含量降低,特别是当HREE含量小于1000×10^-6时,稀有金属元素Be、Nb和Ta含量增加,标志着岩浆演化从正岩浆阶段进入了岩浆-热液过渡阶段。形成于岩浆-热液过渡阶段的锰铝榴石可以作为拉隆淡色花岗岩Be-Nb-Ta稀有金属矿化的矿物学指标,此外,石榴子石中Sc、Y和HREE等元素的变化也可以作为淡色花岗岩稀有金属矿化的判别标志。     

江西石城海罗岭花岗岩型铌钽矿床岩石地球化学、 年代学特征及其地质意义

稀有金属矿产是江西省优势矿产资源,成矿类型以花岗岩型为主,主要分布于赣西和赣北地区,以宜春414超大型钽铌矿为代表,而花岗岩广泛分布的赣南地区鲜有关于燕山期花岗岩型稀有金属矿床的报道。本文以赣南石城海罗岭铌钽矿床为研究重点,结合详细的野外调查,开展花岗岩的岩石学、岩石地球化学和同位素年代学等研究,厘定了海罗岭的中粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩- 中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩岩石组合,明确了钠长石化叠加白云母化的中粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩与铌钽矿密切相关的成矿专属性。海罗岭的成矿作用具两阶段特征,早阶段以蚀变花岗岩型钽铌矿为主,赋存于钠长石化白云母化中粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩中,晚阶段则以花岗伟晶岩型锂矿为主,赋存于云母锂辉石伟晶岩中。海罗岭的花岗岩主要经历了钠长石化、白云母化、黄玉化、绢云母化、硅化等蚀变作用,呈现碱性长石化→云英岩化的演化过程。海罗岭花岗岩具富硅、富碱、富铝,贫钛、镁的特征,其中钠长石化白云母化中粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩（富钽花岗岩）中F含量为8330×10-6～13076×10-6,平均为10475×10-6,具极低的Nb/Ta值（0. 34~0. 49）、Zr/Hf值（3. 73~4. 19）、稀土总量低（ΣREE为16. 3×10-6~23. 2×10-6）和“四分组”效应等特征,显示其成矿经历了岩浆- 流体相互作用的过程。研究显示,Li矿化富集程度与F含量呈明显的正相关,与稀土总量、K/Rb值呈负相关;Ta矿化富集程度与F含量呈明显的正相关,与Nb/Ta值、Zr/Hf值呈明显的负相关。中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩锆石U- Pb年龄为141. 9±1. 1 Ma,云母锂辉石伟晶岩和碱性长石伟晶岩独居石U- Pb年龄分别为141. 68±0. 69 Ma和137. 62±0. 73 Ma,均归属于早白垩世。研究表明,赣南地区140 Ma左右可能存在一次与钠长石化叠加白云母化中粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩相关的独特的铌钽矿成矿事件和与花岗伟晶岩相关的锂成矿事件。这一发现打破了以往华南稀有金属主要赋存于燕山期复式岩体晚期二云母花岗岩- 白云母花岗岩中的认识,拓宽了找矿思路,为赣南乃至华南地区稀有金属找矿提供了新的方向。     

Fluorides and Fluorcarbonates in Rocks of the Katugin Complex,Eastern Siberia: Indicators of Geochemical Mineral Formation Conditions

The paper discusses the chemical composition and parageneses of fluorides and fluorcarbonates in rocks of the Katugin Complex, with which a unique deposit of REE–Nb–Ta ore with cryolite is associated. In mineralogy and chemical composition, the rocks correspond to biotite, biotite–amphibole, arfvedsonite, and aegirine–arfvedsonite granites, which were regarded in earlier publications as granite-like metasomatic rocks. Aegirine–arfvedsonite granite contains a cryolite–gagarinite assemblage, which reflects depletion of Ca in the mineral-forming medium and enrichment in Na and F. Arfvedsonite granite is characterized by intergrowth of yttrofluorite with fluocerite and gagarinite, which indicates a relative enrichment in Ca and low CO₂ content. Biotite granite is characterized by an assemblage of fluorite with titanite, apatite, and monazite as evidence for an elevated Ca concentration along with moderate F and P contents in the system. Neighborite, coulsellite, gagarinite, fluocerite, and tveitite-(Y) appear in biotite–amphibole granite along with replacement of annite with riebeckite and development of albite after microcline. All this indicates that a moderately alkaline Na-fluoride solution with a low Ca concentration affects biotite granite.     

Metasomatism of gabbro – mineral replacement and element mobilization during the Sveconorwegian metamorphic event

Widespread metasomatism affected the 100 km long and 25 km wide Proterozoic Bamble and Modum‐Kongsberg sectors, South Norway, resulting in the chemical and mineralogical transformation of wide segments of continental crust. Scapolitization was associated with veining, and was followed by albitization, transforming metagabbros pervasively over large areas. Fluids played an active role in these reactions, forming H₂O‐, CO₂‐ and Cl‐bearing phases at the expense of the primary volatile‐free minerals, causing depletion in Fe and infiltration of K, Mg, Na, B and P. The transformation of gabbro to scapolite metagabbro is observed as a fluid front replacing the primary magmatic mineral assemblage in three stages: during an incipient amphibolitization stage, the primary mafic minerals were replaced by anthophyllite or hastingsite, followed by pargasitic and edenitic Ca‐amphibole. Magnetite was dissolved, while rutile formed by the breakdown of ilmenite. Plagioclase was replaced by Cl‐rich scapolite (Me_19‐42) reflecting Cl‐saturation, while K‐ and Mg‐saturation produced phlogopite, enstatite, sapphirine and rare corundum. The high modal contents of chlorapatite and tourmaline in the scapolite metagabbro imply infiltration of B and P. The albitites consist dominantly of albite (Ab_95‐98) with varying, generally small, amounts of chlorite, calcite, rutile, epidote and pumpellyite. They formed from a H₂O–CO₂‐fluid rich in Na. The gabbro yields a zircon U–Pb age of 1149 ± 7 Ma and tonalite 1294 ± 38 Ma, whereas rutile from scapolite metagabbro and albitite has U–Pb ages of 1090–1084 Ma, and phlogopite produced during scapolitization Rb–Sr ages of 1070–1040 Ma. Temperature conditions for the scapolitization are inferred to have been 600–700 °C. The reported ages, combined with mineralogical and petrographic observations and inferred P–T conditions, indicate that the metasomatism was a part of the regional Sveconorwegian amphibolite facies metamorphic phase. Initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of the scapolite ranges from 0.704 to 0.709. The Sr‐signature, the Cl‐ and B‐rich environment and regional distribution of lithologies suggest that the fluid may have originated from evaporites that were mobilized during the regional metamorphism.     

Genesis of the Katugin rare-metal ore deposit: Magmatism versus metasomatism

Arguments in favor of magmatic or metasomatic genesis of the Katugin rare-metal ore deposit are discussed. The geological and mineralogical features of the deposit confirm its magmatic origin: (1) the shape of the ore-bearing massif and location of various types of granites (biotite, biotite–amphibole, amphibole, and amphibole–aegirine); (2) the geochemical properties of the massif rocks corresponding to A type granite (high alkali content (up to 12.3% Na₂O + K₂O), extremely high FeO/MgO ratio (f = 0.96–1.00), very high content of the most incoherent elements (Rb, Li, Y, Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb, Th, U, Zn, Ga, and REE) and F, and low concentrations of Ca, Mg, Al, P, Ba, and Sr); (3) Fe–F-rich rock-forming minerals; (4) no previously proposed metasomatic zoning and regular replacement of rock-forming minerals corresponding to infiltration fronts of metasomatism. The similar ages of the barren (2066 ± 6 Ma) and ore-bearing (2055 ± 7 Ma) granites along with the features of the ore mineralization speak in favor of the origin of the ore at the magmatic stage of the massif’s evolution. The nature of the ore occurrence and the relationships between the ore minerals support their crystallization from F-rich aluminosilicate melt and also under melt liquation into aluminosilicate and fluoride (and/or aluminofluoride) fractions.     

Geochemical aspects of the evolution and mineralization of the Amo Younger Granite Complex (northern Nigeria)

The Amo Complex forms one of the prominent ring intrusions in the Jos Plateau and it is lithologically composed of granite porphyry, riebeckite biotite granite, hornblende biotite granite and later intrusives of biotite granite. There are also small intrusions of albite riebeckite granite and albite biotite granite.

Major-element compositions of the principal rock units do not show significant differences. Comparison of the variations found in the granites with results of laboratory studies suggest either that water vapor and volatile transfer were important in the local magma series or at least they accompanied other systematic variations.

Trace-element associations vary; anomalous enrichments of Rb, Li, F, U, Th, Zr, Nb and HREE occur over mildly peralkaline riebeckite biotite granite, peralkaline albite riebeckite granite and albite biotite granite with peralkaline tendency, in contrast to their peraluminous equivalents. These cannot be explained by crystal-liquid fractionation processes and require the evolution of a Na-enriched fluid.

It is suggested that in the albite riebeckite granite and the albite biotite granite the combined effect of F, Li and Rb along with other volatiles may have led to a lower crystallization temperature such that two separate alkali feldspars (albite and microcline) crystallized individually.

Cassiterite and columbite mineralization occur mainly as magmatic disseminations within the terminal phases of the biotite granites and albite biotite granite. Diffused greisenization in association with quartz veins also carry cassiterite mineralization in the Tega and Timber Creek biotite granite phases. Although the magma may have supplied the ore elements and F for complexing, actual mineralization appears to be a product of postmagmatic processes.     

河北兴隆M111稀有金属花岗岩体地质和岩石学特征

本文报道了河北燕山地区一个稀有金属花岗岩体的地质特征、岩石学、矿物学和岩石化学特征.这个两次侵入形成的复式岩体,Rb-Sr同位素年龄171Ma。造岩矿物为石英、钠长石、微斜长石、含锂云母。化学成分铝过饱和富钠偏碱性.发育良好的岩性垂直分带,岩石结构、矿物和化学成分均呈规律性的变化.岩浆成分向富钠富稀碱富挥发分的方向分异演化导至Nb、Ta、Li、Be、Rb、Cs等稀有金属矿化。     

Mineralogy and Petrology of Nepheline Syenites from the Coldwell Alkaline Complex, Ontario, Canada

Nepheline natrolite syenites of Center 2 of the Coldwell alkalinecomplex exhibit rare wispy mafic-rich modal layering, extensivexenolith-rich zones and a wide variety of textural types, thelatter resulting from the imposition of high temperature shearingand recrystallization on consolidated syenite. The texturesdeveloped range from allotriomorphic granular to porphyroclasticto mosaic granulob-lastic. The nepheline syenites are pyroxene-poor.Pyroxenes occur most commonly as corroded diopside to diopsidichedenbergite cores surrounded by amphibole and less commonlyas acmitic hedenbergite overgrowths upon cores of iron-richamphiboles. Amphiboles are the dominant mafic phase and rangefrom magnesian hastingsitic hornblende to hastingsite to hastingsitichornblende to ferroedentic hornblende. Nephelines contain excesssilica and have not equilibrated to compositions characteristicof low temperatures. Feldspars lack microcline twinning andperthites and have undergone extensive ion exchange at highsub-solidus temperatutes with sodium-rich fluids. Formationof late stage primary and replacement natrolite, muscovite andthomsonite is characteristic. The nepheline syenites are consideredto be a part of a cycle of continental rift magmatism and tohave been emplaced by cauldron subsidence as a hot hydrous magma.The rocks did not undergo long term subsolidus re-equilibrationas the high temperature mineral assemblage has been preservedby uplift during post-intrusive regional block faulting. Thenepheline syenites were probably dervied by extensive fractionalcrystallization of alkali basaltic magmas.     

The Durulgui rare-metal granite‒pegmatite system in the eastern Transbaikal region: Petrological and geochronological aspects

The Durulgui granite?pegmatite system unites the Dedova Gora granite massif and pegmatite field with the Chalotskoe beryl deposit. New geochronological data on micas from porphyric biotite granites, fine-grained biotite granites, two-mica granites, and Be-bearing pegmatites are discussed. The plateau age of 128.5(±1.5)–131.2(±1.5) should be considered as indicating the formation time of the granite?pegmatite system as a whole. The age of the system implies the possibility of its formation owing to several magmatic pulses. This assumption concerns porphyric and fine-grained biotite granites and two-mica and muscovite granites, the contact between which is locally sharp. At the same time, the succession “two-mica granites → muscovite granites → granite?pegmatites → microcline pegmatites → microcline?albite pegmatites → albite pegmatites” demonstrates gradual facies transitions between rocks, which indicates their emplacement during a single magmatic pulse.     

Rare-metal pegmatites of Wamba,central Nigeria - their formation in relationship to late Pan-African granites

he Sn-(Nb, Ta) mineralization of the Wamba field (central Nigeria) occurs in muscovite-quartz-microcline pegmatites, which are related to the late-orogenic Pan-African (f 550 Ma) "Older Granites". The emplacement of granites and pegmatites was controlled by late Pan-African shear tectonics. The granitoid magmatism was multiphase and has produced peraluminous biotite granite, biotite-muscovite granite, and muscovite granite plutons. Sodic metasomatism has altered highly evolved granite cupolas and many of the pegmatite dikes. The pegmatitic mineralization of predominantly cassiterite is closely associated with albitization. Chemical data of granites and granitic and pegmatitic muscovites show that Rb, Cs, Sn, Nb, and Ta are enriched during both magmatic and postmagmatic evolution, with highest contents of these elements in early muscovites of the albitized and mineralized pegmatites. Trace-element chemistry of the pegmatitic muscovites reveals a chemical zonation of the pegmatite field related to the late-orogenic shear system.     

诸广山岩体黄峰岭地区产铀花岗岩的岩浆液态不混溶成因

对华南诸广山岩体黄峰岭地区花岗岩开展了锆石U-Pb年代学、矿物学及岩石地球化学研究,提出产铀岩的成因与富氟花岗岩浆液态不混溶作用有关。将黄峰岭地区花岗岩划分为5类, LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,“红化”似伟晶花岗岩成岩年龄为225.4±1.7Ma,与之共生的“红化”细粒黑云母花岗岩成岩年龄为222.9±2.7Ma和226.9±2.7Ma,表明两者形成时代相近且晚于印支期花岗岩岩基成岩年龄（235.4±1.1Ma）。通过镜下鉴定、长石单矿物X射线粉晶衍射以及热力学计算, 认为黄峰岭地区钾、 钠长石主要形成于成岩期,隶属于最大微斜长石及低钠长石系列,与晚期钠交代形成的长石存在差异。元素地球化学分析表明,不同类型花岗岩呈现出Si-Al、K-Na分离,Nb-Ta、Zr-Hf等元素对分异现象,稀土元素配分模式表现出突变性、共轭性,ΣREE-（La/Yb）_N和La-La/Sm演化方向呈分离特征。区内晚期Li-F花岗斑岩脉及多处萤石矿床（点）证实大量氟元素的存在。上述特征综合分析表明：黄峰岭地区产铀花岗岩成岩期存在富氟花岗岩浆液态不混溶作用,且处于其中的中—低阶段,形成的富硅酸盐和贫硅酸盐系统导致了产铀的“红化”似伟晶花岗岩与细粒黑云母花岗岩的空间共生、地球化学共轭等特征,且铀主要富集于岩浆液态不混溶体系形成的花岗岩中。     

川西可尔因地区伟晶岩型锂矿地球化学指标定位矿体的方法

可尔因地区是松潘?甘孜成矿带的大型稀有金属矿集区之一,围绕可尔因岩体分布了大量花岗伟晶岩脉,如何在数百平方千米伟晶岩田中定位稀有金属矿脉一直是该区伟晶岩型锂稀有金属矿找矿难点之一。通过对可尔因岩体二云母花岗岩、伟晶相微斜钠长花岗岩、不同类型伟晶岩及典型矿床开展系统的岩石地球化学分析,总结了可尔因地区伟晶岩地球化学元素空间分布和变化规律,提出了寻找锂矿的特征元素指标、指示指标和品位指标等地球化学指标。特征元素指标包括Li、B、Sn、Rb、Be、Nb、Ta等元素;平面指示指标包括Cs、Tl、F、Zr、Y、ΣREE等元素及TiO₂/Ta、Zr/Hf、Ta/Zr、Nb/Ta、K/Na等值;垂向指示指标包括B、U、Zr、Be、Sn、Rb、Sr、Ba、Tl、In等元素。通过特征元素指标及指示指标的值和变化规律,可辅助定位稀有金属矿化伟晶岩位置,指示矿体深部延伸情况。品位指标主要包括铝饱和指数（A/CNK、A/NK）、里特曼指数（σ）、K+Na和K/Na值等,Li品位与铝饱和度呈正相关、与碱度呈负相关,品位指标的变化趋势指示了矿体中锂的富集部位。      

内蒙古石灰窑花岗岩型铌钽铷矿床地质特征及成因

内蒙锡林浩特石灰窑铌钽矿床是我国最近发现的一处大型稀有金属矿床.通过详细分析该矿床地质特征、控矿因素及其成因,主要获得如下认识:1)该矿床矿石属于碱性花岗岩系列;2)矿石中的铌钽矿物主要包括铌锰矿、铌钽铁矿、铌钽锰矿、锡锰钽矿和细晶石;3)该矿床可能是前期花岗岩岩浆结晶和后期热液交代综合作用的产物,热液交代是铌钽铷主要成矿阶段;4)从铌钽铷矿化成因和富集规律可知,金属矿化与钠长石化、云英岩化密切相关,且矿体赋存于蚀变花岗岩中,分布上严格受北东向构造的控制,因此,钠长石化、云英岩化的花岗岩是寻找上述稀有金属的直接找矿标志,同时石灰窑燕山早期花岗岩出露地段很可能是寻找稀有金属矿的有希望地区;5)围绕石灰窑花岗岩主岩体周围寻找晚期侵位的钠长石化花岗岩小岩体的隆起和浅部部位,是寻找钽铌铷矿的基本思路.     

西藏北喜马拉雅拉隆穹隆含Be、Nb、Ta钠长石花岗岩的识别及意义

拉隆穹隆出露于西藏北喜马拉雅带的东段,位于康马穹隆和错那洞穹隆之间。通过1∶5万矿产地质填图和精细剖面测量,在拉隆穹隆核部和围绕穹隆核部呈环状发育的滑脱系中发现一套含Be、Nb、Ta等稀有金属的钠长石花岗岩。拉隆花岗岩由内向外呈现出规律性的岩性变化,依次为二云母花岗岩、白云母花岗岩、伟晶质花岗岩、钠长石花岗岩、伟晶岩及石英壳,表明其是一套岩浆分异程度极高的花岗岩。岩相学研究显示,拉隆钠长石花岗岩的矿物成分以钠长石、石英、钾长石和白云母为主,含少量石榴石,可见少量绿柱石和铌钽族矿物。岩石化学分析表明,该钠长石花岗岩以富含Be、Nb、Ta、Li、Rb、Cs等稀有金属元素及富含H_2O、P、F和B等挥发分为典型特征,其中稀有金属Be、Nb、Ta的含量均已达到工业品位,构成了Be-Nb-Ta稀有金属矿体。本文对拉隆穹隆核部的钠长石花岗岩进行独居石U-Pb测年分析,获得21.3 Ma的独居石结晶年龄,与区域上的淡色花岗岩的侵位年龄基本一致。拉隆含Be-Nb-Ta稀有金属钠长石花岗岩的发现,丰富了北喜马拉雅带稀有金属成矿作用类型,对在北喜马拉雅地区寻找钠长石花岗岩型Be-Nb-Ta稀有金属矿具有重要意义。     

Paleoproterozoic anorogenic granitoids of the Zheltav sialic massif (Southern Kazakhstan): Structural position and geochronology

The basement of the Zheltav sialic massif (Southern Kazakhstan) is composed of different metamorphic rocks united into the Anrakhai Complex. In the southeastern part of the massif, these rocks form a large antiform with the core represented by amphibole and clinopyroxene gneissic granite varieties. By their chemical composition, dominant amphibole (hastingsite) gneissic granites correspond to subalkaline granites, while their petroand geochemical properties make them close to A-type granites. The U–Pb geochronological study of accessory zircons yielded an age of 1841 ± 6 Ma, which corresponds to the crystallization age of melts parental for protoliths of amphibole gneissic granites of the Zheltav Massif. Thus, the structural–geological and geochronological data make it possible to define the Paleoproterozoic (Staterian) stage of anorogenic magmatism in the Precambrian history of the Zheltav Massif. The combined Sm–Nd isotopic—geochronological data and age estimates obtained for detrital zircons indicate the significant role of the Paleoproterozoic tectono-magmatic stage in the formation of the Precambrian continental crust of sialic massifs in Kazakhstan and northern Tien Shan.     

河北兴隆M111稀有金属花岗岩体地球化学和矿化特征研究

本文研究河北兴隆一个复式小花岗岩体的岩石地球化学和矿化特征.常量氧化物、Rb-Sr同位素、稀土元素和稀有微量元素的地球化学特点综合表明,该岩体是起源较深的花岗岩浆经过较充分地分异演化的晚阶段产物.岩浆成分向着富钠富钠碱元素富挥发分的方向有规律的分异演化导致Nb,Ta,Li,Be,Rb,Cs等稀有元素富集和矿化.最晚形成的空间上位于岩体较高部位的白色似斑状铁锂云母-钠长石花岗岩,是矿化的有利地段,可作为稀有金属矿床找矿的岩石学标志