巯基棉色谱分离——原子吸收分光光度法测定水系沉积物中痕量银

近来,应用巯基棉分离富集天然水中痕量元素,开始取得较好的效果,长春地理研究所作了较多的工作,也有用于岩矿样品中痕量金的分离,巯基棉用于分离和富集某些痕量元素的优越性已开始显示出来了。 本文详细地研究了银在巯基棉上的交换行为和洗提条件,测量了分配系数和洗提曲线,考查了其它元素的吸附情况,拟定了水系沉积物中痕量银的分析方法,在规定的条件下,本法的检出限为0.06ppm,精密度(RSD％)在含量(0.1—0.2ppm)为20％左右,含量(1—3ppm)为6％左右,准确度也较好。     

巯基棉富集分离—催化极谱测定岩石,土壤中痕量硒碲

近十年来关于巯基棉的制备、性能、稳定性等研究已有报导:由于巯基棉本身具有表面积大、吸附性强、富集倍数高、选择性好及使用方便等优点.因此巯基棉富集分离技术在我国环境监测、冶金地质、食品检验等系统得到了广泛应用,现已有20多种元素通过巯基棉富集分离后应用不同测试手段测定.文献曾对硒碲的测定有过报导.本文应用了巯基棉富集分离技术.对岩石、土壤、水系沉积物中痕量硒碲进行了富集试验.经试验选择了0.1～     

巯基棉分离富集ICP-AES法测定高盐冶金废水中痕量铅镉铜银

矿山企业的冶金废水含有多种污染环境的金属元素,必须经过化学沉淀法处理达标后排放。冶金废水经化学沉淀后引入了大量盐分,使得金属元素含量变得极低给分析测试造成困难。针对此类高盐冶金废水,本文采用巯基棉分离富集其中的金属元素,建立了运用电感耦合等离子体光谱(ICP-AES)测定铅、镉、铜、银的分析方法。通过优化实验表明,巯基棉可有效地分离实际样品中大量存在的硫酸根离子和钠离子基体,富集待测元素的效果显著,硫酸根离子和钠离子回收率均小于0.05%,待测元素的回收率在88.7%~113.0%之间。实验条件方面,待测溶液的pH值对巯基棉吸附有较大的影响,使用巯基棉富集前应将溶液调节至适宜的pH值;待测溶液在富集柱中的流速和洗脱剂盐酸的浓度对分离富集效果也有一定的影响。在最佳实验条件下,本法回收率为95.0%~102.0%,精密度(RSD)为3.1%~9.4%,方法快速简便、准确度高,能够满足冶金废水中痕量金属元素的检测需求。     

巯基棉分离富集—石墨炉原子吸收法测定岩矿微量银

用石墨炉原子吸收法测定银,灵敏度很高,适用于岩矿中微量及痕量银的测定。但共存元素对微量银的测定有不同程度的干扰。测定前必须将银与共存元素分离,以达到消除干扰,降低测定下限的目的。分离手段一般采用有机溶剂萃取法。泡沫塑料或离子交换树脂交换法和巯基棉吸附法。其中用巯基棉分离富集银,有其独具的优点。首先可避免使用有害人体的有机溶剂,且回收率高,空白值低并较稳定。本文在原有文献的基础上,对过去的分析流程提出了改进。建立了岩矿中微量银测定的实用方法。 文献介绍,银在巯基棉上的吸附是在PH     

巯基棉富集分离——冷原子吸收法测定天然水中痕量汞

用巯基棉富集水中痕量汞,用饱和氯化钠的盐酸溶液解吸,冷原子吸收法测定。当水样取１Ｌ时,最低检测浓度可达０．００３μｇ／Ｌ,方法相对标准偏差为３．８￣６．９％,巯基棉汞平均回收率为９１．１％。该法操作简单、快速、富集倍数大,适用于天然水中痕量汞的分析。     

巯基棉色谱分离发射光谱法测定水系沉积物中的痕量银和鉍

在区域化探扫面样品分析中,对银和铋的检出限要求很低,一般分析方法都难以达到。本文应用巯基棉色谱柱分离富集水系沉积物中的痕量银和铋用发射光谱法同时测定,银的检出限为0.003μg,铋为0.007μg。在相同时间和条件下,银含量为     

巯基棉富集—大口径毛细管气相色谱法测定水样中痕量烷基汞

介绍了巯基棉富集-大口径毛细管柱气相色谱法测定环境水中痕量烷基汞的分析方法,并与玻璃填充柱色谱分离烷基汞进行了对比。取1000ml环境水样时,本法的检出限为:甲基汞(MMC)0.5pg;乙基汞(EMC)0.7pg。     

巯基棉分离富集光度法测定矿石中微量钯

本文系统地研究了巯基棉柱分离富集钯(Ⅱ)的最佳条件,建立一种用0.1克巯基棉对微量钯(Ⅱ)分离富集的可行方法。解决了湿法溶样,用3,5-diCl-PADAT光度法测定矿石中微量钯时,常见离子Fe~(3+)、Al~(3+)和Ti(Ⅳ)等的干扰问题。方法操作简便、快速,结果准确。用于矿石样品测定,结果满意。     

巯基棉分离富集-原子荧光光谱法测定重晶石中痕量汞

重晶石样品研磨过筛,用EDTA-氢氧化钠混合溶液络合处理,盐酸调节至弱酸性释放出汞,处理后的样品用原子荧光光谱法测定矿样中的痕量汞。采用巯基棉分离富集有机汞及无机汞,在pH 3~4时巯基棉可充分吸附汞,分别用2 mol/L和6 mol/L盐酸洗脱有机汞和无机汞,并将有机汞转化为无机汞。对影响汞测定的实验条件及干扰元素进行探讨。方法线性范围为0.00~5.00 ng/mL,相关系数为0.999 6;加标回收率为92.0%~114.0%。方法具有简便、快速、基体干扰少、灵敏度高等优点。     

等离子体发射光谱法分析毒砂单矿物

研究了大孔膦酸树脂对毒砂中主、次和痕量元素的吸附行为及洗脱条件,结合巯基棉和TBP柱分离技术,建立了两个分离流程。在J-A1160型多道直读光谱仪上实现了毒砂单矿物中包括主量元素Fe和As在内的20个元素测定。主量元素As和Fe的相对标准偏差(n为5～10)分别为1.03％和0.9％,其它元素在5％～11％范围。流程经实际试样分析验证,结果与化学法相符。     

5—Br—PADAP光度法测定黄铁矿中微量银

2-(5溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二乙基胺基苯酚(简称5-Br-PADAP)为铀(Ⅵ)、铌(Ⅴ)、钴(Ⅱ)等多种金属离子的灵敏显色剂,但试剂能否作为银(Ⅰ)的显色剂,则迄今尚未见有报导。本工作试验了以阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SLS)     

570矿床主要矿石矿物的成分特征

本文对５７０矿床的主要矿石矿物（沥青铀矿、铀石、钛铀矿及胶硫钼矿）的化学组成进行了研究。沥青铀矿的铀含量较高（ＵＯ２＋ＵＯ３）＝８４．４％￣９１％，并含有一定量的Ｃａ、Ｓｉ、Ｐ和Ｔｉ等，而Ｔｈ和ＲＥＥ的含量低，表明沥青铀矿的低温成因。在电镜下观察到钛铀矿与钛的氧化（金红石或锐钛矿）成交代关系，说明钛铀矿是交代成因的。胶硫钼矿中的银含量很高（０．５％￣１．６％），是该矿床伴生银的富集矿物及携带矿物，     

萃取色层分离—原子吸收分光光度法测定岩石中痕量银

原子吸收分光光度法测定银是一个较简便、快速的方法。但由于灵敏度的限制,不得不采取一些有效措施如分离富集等手段来满足生产上的要求。本文探讨了N_(26(?))国产季胺型液体交换树脂萃取色层分离、富集银的行为。经实践证明,在有一定量氯离子存在下,N_(263)能定量吸附银,1∶1盐酸淋     

Toxic effect of Pb, Cd, Ni and Zn on Azolla filiculoides in the International Anzali Wetland

The limitation of plant growth in the polluted mediums can be used as a factor to determine of plant tolerance and the toxic effect of these mediums. In this work, the effect of Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ni²⁺and Znsu2+ (individually) on Azolla filiculoides growth in the aqueous solution and using this method to water post treatment were studied. During 15 days the biomass the fresh Azolla with initial mass of 20 g was grown on the nutrient solution containing these metal ions, each in a concentration 4 mg/l. The presence of these ions, caused about 25%, 42%, 31% and 17% inhibition of biomass growth, respectively, in comparison to Azolla control weight which had not heavy metals. The water salinity of 1, 2 and 4 g. NaCl/l decreased the removal of these heavy metals about 4–7%, 20–24% and 40–55%, respectively. The addition of total dissolved solids (TDS) from 50 to 300 ppm. (as CaCO₃) into the samples of containing heavy metals increased Azolla growth, but decreased the control Azolla growth.     

铊与铜试剂的络合物吸附波

有关铊与有机试剂络合物来提高极谱测定的灵敏度,至今尚未见报导。基于S~=离子比Ⅰ~-离子在滴汞电板上的特性吸附更强,我们选择一些含巯基-SH的试剂进行试验,观察了胱氨酸,硫脲,铜试剂,吡咯烷-α-硫代甲酰胺与铊(Ⅰ)离子形成络合物的极谱行为,发现在中性或微硷性的溶液中铊     

Noble-metal mineralization in the Semenov-2 hydrothermal field (13°31′N), mid-atlantic ridge

The porous fine-grained to microcrystalline copper-zinc ore of the Semenov-2 hydrothermal field, a site in the Semenov hydrothermal cluster discovered in 2007 (13°31′N, MAR), is anomalously enriched in Au (22–188 ppm) and Ag (127–1787 ppm). Chalcopyrite, isocubanite, würtzite, and opal are major minerals; sphalerite, marcasite, pyrite, and covellite are auxiliary; and galena, pyrrhotite, native gold, silver telluride, barite, and aragonite are sporadic. Gold containing 0.31 to 23.07 wt % Ag occurs as up to 9-μm-sized subhedral, dendritelike, and elongated grains mostly hosted in opal and less frequently in sphalerite and in pores within isocubanite-chalcopyrite aggregate. An elongated grain (2 × 4 μm in size) of the Ag-Te phase was found in a pore. So far only basalts have been dredged from the Semenov-2 field, but anomalous gold and silver concentrations suggest the influence of ultramafic rocks; the latter were found 1.5 km westward, in the Semenov-1 hydrothermal field. Mineral assemblage and morphology of gold particles indicate its primary origin in contrast to the hydrothermal fields hosted in basalts, where gold is a product of remobilization. Zonal gold grains, found on oceanic floor for the first time, are characterized by low Ag content in the cores and high Ag content in the outer rims, reflecting variation in formation conditions.     

Distribution of barium and fulvic acid at the mica-solution interface using in-situ X-ray reflectivity

The interfacial structures of the basal surface of muscovite mica in solutions containing (1) 5 × 10⁻³ m BaCl₂, (2) 500 ppm Elliott Soil Fulvic Acid I (ESFA I), (3) 100 ppm Elliott Soil Fulvic Acid II (ESFA II), (4) 100 ppm Pahokee Peat Fulvic Acid I (PPFA), and (5) 5 × 10⁻³ m BaCl₂ and 100 ppm ESFA II were obtained with high resolution in-situ X-ray reflectivity. The derived electron-density profile in BaCl₂ shows two sharp peaks near the mica surface at 1.98(2) and 3.02(4) Å corresponding to the heights of a mixture of Ba²⁺ ions and water molecules adsorbed in ditrigonal cavities and water molecules coordinated to the Ba²⁺ ions, respectively. This pattern indicates that most Ba²⁺ ions are adsorbed on the mica surface as inner-sphere complexes in a partially hydrated form. The amount of Ba²⁺ ions in the ditrigonal cavities compensates more than 90% of the layer charge of the mica surface. The electron-density profiles of the fulvic acids (FAs) adsorbed on the mica surface, in the absence of Ba²⁺, had overall thicknesses of 4.9-10.8 Å and consisted of one broad taller peak near the surface (likely hydrophobic and positively-charged groups) followed by a broad humped pattern (possibly containing negatively-charged functional groups). The total interfacial electron density and thickness of the FA layer increased as the solution FA concentration increased. The sorbed peat FA which has higher ash content showed a higher average electron density than the sorbed soil FA. When the muscovite reacted with a pre-mixed BaCl₂-ESFA II solution, the positions of the two peaks nearest the surface matched those in the BaCl₂ solution. However, the occupancy of the second peak decreased by about 30% implying that the hydration shell of surface-adsorbed Ba²⁺ was partially substituted by FA. The two surface peaks were followed by a broad less electron-dense layer suggesting a sorption mechanism in which Ba²⁺ acts dominantly as a bridging cation between the mica surface and FA. When the muscovite reacted first with FA and subsequently with BaCl₂, more Ba²⁺ could be adsorbed on the FA-coated mica surface. The peak closest to the mica included Ba²⁺ ions adsorbed directly on the mica in an amount similar to that in the BaCl₂ solution but more broadly distributed. A second peak observed within the FA layer suggests that the FA coating provides additional sites for Ba²⁺ sorption. The results indicate that enhanced uptake of heavy metals can occur when an organic coating already exists on a mineral surface.     

Cobalt as an exploration tool in the Outokumpu zone, Finland

The Outokumpu region in eastern Finland is an integral part of the Precambrian formations of the Karelidic orogeny. The copper-cobalt ore deposits discovered in the region are associated with a lithologic complex that consists of serpentinites, skarns, carbonate rocks and quartzites. The outer zone of this rock association adjacent to the surrounding mica schists is commonly occupied by black schists. The association constitutes the coherent stratigraphic sequence known as the Outokumpu zone, which is the environment in which the ore deposits of the Outokumpu type occur. The total length of the ribbon-like zone is about 240 km. Three Cu---Co ore deposits: Outokumpu, Vuonos and Luikonlahti are currently being exploited and four sub-economic ore showings have been found in the zone. All the deposits and ore showings are of the polymetallic sulphide type with copper, zinc, cobalt and nickel. There are also small amounts of silver, gold, tin and selenium in the orebodies. These stratabound ore deposits are submarine volcanic exhalative in origin. The immediate host rock of the ore is commonly quartzite, interpreted as a chemical silica precipitate.The Outokumpu copper-cobalt ore deposit was discovered in 1910. Owing to its economic potential, the Outokumpu zone is one of the most thoroughly studied parts of the Finnish Precambrian. More than 1000 holes have been drilled from the surface into the zone and provide a large source of material for lithogeochemical studies.The association does not lend itself easily to geophysical investigations because of its complex geology, characterized by black schists and other rocks giving a strong geophysical response. For this reason, and because of the extensive drilling, lithogeochemistry has become an important exploration tool in the region.The discovery of the blind Vuonos ore deposit in 1965 was the result of a comprehensive lithogeochemical study carried out in the early 1960's. Several old prospects were sampled in the Outokumpu zone and the sulphide phase was analyzed for Cu, Co, Ni and Zn.Clustering of the analytical data gives five groups of rock types: (1) quartzite-skarn-dolomite; (3) black schists; (4) mica schists; (5) copper-cobalt ore (Huhma and Huhma, 1970). The locations of these groups in Ni---Co and Cu---Co diagrams and in an Co---Cu---Ni triangular diagram are shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. The nickel content of serpentinites varies between 1500 and 2200 ppm and that of cobalt between 70 and 110 ppm. Thus the Ni/Co ratio averages 20:1. In the quartzite-skarn-dolomite-group the nickel content ranges from 900 to 3000 ppm and the cobalt content from 50 to 120 ppm. The Ni/Co 150 to 500 ppm and the cobalt content from 20 to 60 ppm. The Ni/Co ratio is about 10:1. Mica gneisses are poor in sulphides. Their nickel content averages from 40 to 90 ppm and the cobalt content from 15 to 30 ppm.The copper-cobalt ore occupies a discrete area in the Ni---Co diagram. Its nickel content varies between 1000 and 2000 ppm and the cobalt content between 1000 and 3000 ppm. The copper-cobalt diagram shows that the cobalt content of the serpentinites and the quartzite-skarn-dolomite group is fairly constant varying between 60 and 140 ppm. The copper content ranges from zero to 100 ppm in the former and from 10 to 100 ppm in the latter. In black schists the copper content varies from 100 to 300 ppm, the cobalt content being some tens of ppm. The mica gneisses are somewhat poorer in their Cu and Co contents. In this case too, the copper-cobalt ore has a Cu---Co content distinctly apart from those of the other groups.In the Cu---Co---Ni triangular diagram the serpentinite and the quartzite groups plot near the Ni apex of the triangle, the relative Ni content being 94–96% and that of Cu less than 1%. The black schists and mica gneisses have their own area near the centre of the Cu---Ni join with the Co content not exceeding 10%. There are several exceptions where points in the diagrams described above plot outside the normal field. Most of these anomalous points are located between the normal area of the rock type and that of the Cu---Co ore. The Ni---Co diagram in particular demonstrates that the deviations are due to the increase in the Co content.In summary, the anomalies of the Outokumpu type have: (1) a Ni/Co ratio lower than 15:1; and (2) a Cu percentage of the sum Cu+Co+Ni = 100 higher than 5. These anomaly units are applied to rank the analytical data of the Outokumpu zone. It is evident from the diagrams that the increase in cobalt content outside its normal field is the prime indication of the proximity of the ore. Being rather constant, the nickel content is used as a reference. Thus a decrease in the Ni/Co ratio indicates the presence of the ore. In some cases the decrease in the Ni/Co ratio may be due to a local decrease in the Ni content. The anomaly can be checked by the Cu/Cu+Ni+Co ratio. Except when testing the anomalies with Co, Cu and Ni as described above, the Co content alone can be used as an indicator of the proximity of a Cu---Co orebody. This was tested in one section of the Vuonos orebody (Fig. 4). The pyrite phase of the quartzites was selectively leached and its Co content analyzed. It was noted that the Co content of pyrite increased somewhat when the orebody was approached along strike.Before this method can be used more widely, the stratigraphic position and the structure of the potential ore horizon must be known fairly accurately. The proximity of an orebody can also be evaluated by means of the Co content of the black schists. As shown above, the Co content of the black schists is usually considerably under 100 ppm; it is usually over 100 ppm only adjacent to an orebody. Consequently, the extensive data on black schists in the Outokumpu zone can be sorted into potential and less potential ones.     

Determination of Ultra - Trace Amounts of Thorium in NIM-D and NIM-P Standard Geological Reference Materials Using Cation Exchange Chromatography - Spark Source Mass Spectrography

Ultra-trace (<1 ppm) amounts of thorium in NIM-D and NIM-P geochemical reference materials are determined by the technique of cation exchange chromatography - spark source mass spectrography. After dissolution, thorium is selectively separated from all other elements on a column of AG50W-X4 resin. The thorium eluate is concentrated and evaporated onto silver powder together with 1 000 ng of uranium which serves as the internal standard. Mass spectrographic analysis of this spiked silver powder is carried out with a spark source mass spectrograph.     

Lead removal from wastewater using faujasite tuff

The Jordanian chabazite-phillipsite tuff and faujasite-phillipsite tuff have suitable mineralogical and technical properties that enable them to be used for ion-exchange processes. These include suitable grain size and total cation exchange capacity, acceptable zeolite content, good attrition resistance and high packed-bed density. The chabazite-phillipsite tuff (ZE1 and ZE2) has an excellent efficiency to remove Pb and an acceptable efficiency to remove Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni from effluent wastewater of a battery factory and other industries. The faujasite-phillipsite tuff (ZE3) is 6.97 times more efficient than the ZE1 and ZE2. A bed of ZE3 (1,000 kg) loaded in a 1.17-m³ column is capable of cleaning about 2,456 m³ of the effluent from the factory at a cost of US $200/ton. The wastewater is contaminated with 20 ppm Pb in the presence of competing ions including Ca (210 ppm), Na (1,950 ppm) and Fe (169 ppm). This quantity of wastewater is equivalent to 120 working days of effluent discharge from the factory at a flow rate of 20 m³/day.