大弹涂鱼室内人工繁殖和育苗技术研究

本文进行了大弹涂鱼室内人工繁殖和育苗研究.性激素注射雌性亲鱼864尾,雄性亲鱼846尾,以陶瓷管道诱导产卵和人工授精的方法获得受精卵,采用塑料箱和塑料桶两种容器孵化受精卵,比较了不同的仔稚鱼培育密度和培育方法与成活率的关系.研究结果表明,雌鱼的催熟率为40.0%～65.0%;管道产卵率为10.0%～26.0%,管道内卵子的平均受精率为60.0%～75.0%,人工授精卵平均受精率为45.0%～65.0%;管道内卵子在塑料箱内的孵化率为17.8%～28.0%,人工授精卵在塑料桶内的孵化率为38.5%～57.0%;共投放初孵仔鱼264000尾,经42～46d培育后变态为幼鱼,共培育出幼鱼31098尾,幼鱼平均全长为1.89cm,平均成活率为11.78%.     

花鲈亲鱼人工培育与催产技术研究

作者研究了花鲈人工培育及促熟催产中的技术措施。采用海捕的天然苗种 ,逐年筛选、精心培育 ,共获得 4～ 6龄的成熟亲鱼 50尾。在外源激素 HCG(70 0～ 150 0 IU/ kg)及 LHRH- A3(2～5μg/ kg)的作用下 (雄鱼减半 ) ,共人工采卵 156 0× 10 4粒 ,卵的平均上浮率为 6 1% ,平均受精率为78% ,平均孵化率为 85.7%。     

台湾海峡野生牙鲆人工繁殖和育苗技术研究

2003年12月至2004年5月对台湾海峡的野生牙鲆进行了亲鱼的驯养、促熟产卵及人工育苗技术研究.结果表明,活的鲻鱼苗可用于牙鲆亲鱼的诱食;当水温达到16.2~19.5℃时,牙鲆可自然产卵,产卵盛期为3月中旬至4月上旬.4月份受精率高达86%.在驯养过程中亲鱼未发生死亡.本实验共用受精卵约153万粒,孵出仔鱼140.8万尾,孵化率达92%.经63d培育,育出全长3.8~5.5cm幼鱼53.4万尾,成活率37.9%.育苗水温为20~24℃,海水盐度为26~31.     

美洲鲥的人工繁殖及胚胎发育的研究

2007～2009年,利用深井水及设有钢架保温大棚的土池成功进行了美洲鲥(Alosa sapidissima)的亲鱼培育与人工繁殖的研究,同时观察了美洲鲥的胚胎发育过程.结果表明:2龄美洲鲥在池塘中经专池培育并采用激素+不饱和脂肪酸+维生素E投喂、水流刺激等培育措施使雌雄鱼的性腺成熟率达60％～80％.性腺成熟的亲鱼经生态调控促使产卵或人工催产繁殖,生态调控促使产卵中水温保持在16～23℃,池水始终保持流动状态,50对美洲鲥亲鱼自4月中下旬至5月底陆续产卵,共收集鱼卵9.0万粒,平均受精率10％,孵化率70％～80％;人工催产试验中,采用LHRH-A2+鱼类催产助剂、LHRH-A2+HCG+DOM+鱼类催产助剂和LHRH-A2+HCG+鱼类催产助剂3种催产剂配伍,背鳍基部两针注射法,催产率20％～100％,获卵10.57万粒,受精率0～21.5％,孵化率0～70％.美洲鲥受精卵呈卵圆形,卵膜径为(4.03±0.25)mm,根据胚胎的外形与内部主要特征,胚胎发育分为7个生理阶段30个具体发育时期,在水温(20±1)℃下,历时约71 h40 min完成整个胚胎发育过程.     

黑鲪苗种培育关键技术的研究

采用黑鲪[Sebastodes fuscescens(Houttuyn)]野生亲鱼进行了两次工厂化育苗实验。第一次布放仔鱼38.9×104尾,经过56～60 d的培育,共育成全长30.7～32.7 mm的鱼苗2.9×104尾,平均成活率7.5%;第二次布放仔鱼101.7×104尾,经过46～51 d培育,鱼苗全长30.2～35.7mm。项目验收时,鱼苗平均全长45.7mm,平均体质量1.53g,共出苗约32.1×104尾,单位水体出苗量1 529尾/m3,平均成活率31.6%,最高成活率52.1%。实验中研究了黑鲪仔、稚、幼鱼的生长发育与摄食变化,提出了苗种培育阶段的4个"危险期",并探讨了苗种培育的关键技术。     

利用单胞藻培养池进行真鲷育苗技术

１９９３年，于文登市小观海珍品育苗养殖场，在海湾扇贝和对虾育苗结束后，利用其配套的单胞藻培养地进行真鲷育苗，利用对虾育苗池和卤虫孵化池培养轮虫。在不增加任何设备的前提下，育成全长３．０１～６．５０ｃｍ，平均全长３．４４ｃｍ的真鲷商品鱼种１６１１１６尾，从仔鱼培育到商品苗种的成活率达到２４．７２％，平均单位水体出苗量达到２６８５尾，１９９３年７月１９日通过了文登市科委组织的验收。正材料和方法１．１育苗设施亲鱼产卵池（１个）和鱼苗培育池（６个）皆用单胞藻培养池（规格为３．８ｍ×３．７ｍ×０．８ｍ，水…     

褐毛鲿全人工繁殖技术研究

为了掌握褐毛鲿(Megalonibea fusca)繁殖生物学特性并突破全人工繁殖技术,作者介绍了1998～2002年项目实施期间,对褐毛鲿的性成熟年龄、生殖季节、产卵水温、性腺发育与性周期、产卵类型与产卵量、室内产卵池催产、海上网箱催产、亲鱼产卵率、受精率、催产激素与剂量、全人工繁殖技术等所做的研究,讨论和总结了褐毛鲿亲鱼的强化培育,人工催产的方法与措施。     

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus Vannamei)高位池养殖中几个单项因子试验

在高位池养殖凡纳滨对虾中,分别采用150×104尾/ha、135×104尾/ha、135×104尾/ha、120×104尾/ha、113×104尾/ha、105×104尾/ha、90×104尾/ha的放养密度。经过120d的的饲养,结果表明:在相同的养殖条件下,随着放养密度的增加,水中亚硝酸氮、氨氮的含量也相应增加;产量虽有所提高,但对虾生长缓慢。波吉卵囊藻可降低水中亚硝酸氮、氨氮的含量,增加溶解氧;养殖后期,保持1.5m的水深较为适宜。     

口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)人工育苗技术研究

描述了口虾蛄在人工育苗过程中亲虾蛄的产卵、孵化与湿度、底质、洞穴、光线的关系,以及抱卵和卵裂形态特征.根据口虾蛄自然生态特性,通过模拟自然环境,采用让亲虾蛄自身挖掘洞穴的方法,在人工控温的条件下,首次进行了人工育苗繁殖,获得了口虾蛄幼体3.4×104尾,培育成体长3～4cm的幼口虾蛄2200尾.此项研究为今后虾蛄大规模工厂化育苗提供了技术依据.     

大西洋浪蛤繁殖生物学研究

于2002年1月至2003年1月 ,在浙江温州对引种养殖的大西洋浪蛤(Spisulasolidissima)的性腺发育、生殖周期、肥满度、胚胎发育、幼虫发育及变态等进行了研究。研究结果表明 ,大西洋浪蛤性腺发育过程分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期、休止期5个阶段。在浙南沿海的大西洋浪蛤繁殖期在4月下旬至6月上旬 (水温19.5～25℃ ) ,可大量产卵二次 ;肥满度最高出现在5月份,为10.37 % ,最低出现在2月份 ,为4.66 %。个体产卵量为14.1×104～111.1×104粒 ,卵沉性 ,卵径50～60μm ;受精卵在水温19.5～23℃ ,经16～20h孵化成D形幼虫 ;初孵D形幼虫平均大小为75μm×62μm ,浮游幼虫经12～13d培养进入壳顶后期 ,15～16d进入附着变态期 ,壳长为260～290μm ,发育变态为稚贝。     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

Increased Particle Fluxes at the INDEX Site Attributable to Simulated Benthic Disturbance

Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.     

A Review of Some Environmental Issues Affecting Marine Mining

This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested.     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。