河北省宽城县某滑坡特征与稳定性评价

位于河北省宽城县某拟建铁路将穿越一老滑坡体,体积约77×104 m3,并在滑坡前缘以路堑方式穿过,因开挖施工导致老滑坡复活.在现场地质调查基础上,阐明了滑坡所在的地质环境条件和发育特征,系统分析了老滑坡的形成原因和复活机理,即老滑坡是受附近断层影响,岩体完整性较差,而前缘河流冲刷和回漩旁蚀降低了边坡的整体稳定性,在暴雨或地震诱发下形成,而修建铁路的路堑开挖则是导致前缘抗滑段失效而复活的主要原因.在现场试验和室内试验成果基础上,分别对沿现滑面和古滑面在不同工况下的稳定性进行计算,并系统分析了铁路路堑边坡开挖对滑坡稳定性的影响程度,并对滑坡治理提出了措施建议.     

汶川地震区暴雨滑坡泥石流活动趋势预测

汶川大地震发生后,暴雨又激发了新的滑坡和泥石流发生.为探讨汶川地震区暴雨滑坡泥石流活动趋势,对比分析了日本关东大地震和台湾集集大地震后诱发滑坡和泥石流活动趋势,在此基础上,对汶川地震区未来滑坡、泥石流活动趋势作了预测分析.同时,还讨论了估算不同强度降雨条件下滑坡面积和泥石流冲出量的方法.初步研究表明,汶川强震区至少在近10 a内,滑坡和泥石流活动趋势是强烈的,之后地质条件将逐渐趋于稳定.本研究选择了面积为5.9 km2的北川县城西侧斜坡为研究区,计算结果是如果一旦遭遇100 a一遇降雨,新增滑坡面积可达166.97 ×104 m2,约占整个研究区流域面积的28.3%.本研究还预测了魏家沟、苏家沟流域的不同频率降雨条件下的泥石流土砂产量,在100 a一遇降雨条件下,泥石流土砂产量分别达71.0×104 m3和49.2×104 m3.研究成果为进一步认识汶川地震区后续降雨作用诱发的滑坡泥石流活动趋势提供参考.     

浅论拱溃型顺层岩质滑坡

近年来才开展研究的拱溃型顺层岩质滑坡,是一类独特的滑坡。它的滑动方向总是沿层面顺坡下滑,这属推动式滑坡。滑坡所在的斜坡岩层倾向与斜坡坡向大体一致;坡脚处岩层逐层拱起,并开裂脱层,发展成抗滑段,其与沿岩层层面发育的主滑段相贯通,由此呈现崩溃与滑动。滑坡经历蠕滑→滑动→剧滑三个阶段。     

古蔺郎酒热电联产厂场区滑坡治理

从自然因素与人为因素两个分析了滑坡形成的原因、动力来源和激发条件，阐述了滑坡形成过程、活动现状及发展趋势。依据以上原因，提出了抗滑锚固桩抗滑、浆砌石护坡、谷坊和潜槛固沟防冲、场区防渗排水、并加固场区地基的综合措施来治理滑坡，治理工程于1999年7月完成，保证热电联产厂的正常工作。而且经过经理后两年的运行，观测资料反映治理效果良好。     

沟道偏转地形对滑坡碎屑流运动的影响研究

在沟谷地形中,滑坡碎屑流的运动常受到地形的影响,导致其运动方向发生改变,进而影响到滑坡运动速度和堆积特征。本文利用三维离散元素法,对四川都江堰三溪村高速远程滑坡进行模拟,研究滑坡体不同部位的块体失稳后,在沟道偏转地形主导下的滑坡碎屑流前缘的运动速度、各部位滑体的速度变化过程和堆积特征,并提出沟道偏转地形耗能模型分析了地形偏转造成的动能消耗。研究结果显示:滑坡前缘在地形偏转位置运动方向发生变化,导致运动速度突降;由于滑坡不同部位的滑块相对于地形偏转点具有不同的撞击角度,导致其撞击后产生不同的偏转角度,滑块的偏转角度越大,速度变化越大;由沟道偏转地形导致的滑坡运动速度减小反映了偏转地形对滑坡的动能产生的耗散,动能耗散率与cos2θ(θ为偏转地形在水平面上的偏转角度)成反比;不同部位滑块的堆积长度随偏转角度的增大而减小。本研究分析了沟谷地形偏转对滑坡碎屑流运动速度作用机制及不同部位岩土体堆积范围的影响,可为该类地形条件下滑坡的运动机制研究和防灾减灾工作提供参考。     

永胜金沙江寨子村古滑坡和古堰塞湖的发现

在滇西北地区永胜南部金沙江的右岸,发现了总方量为2.5×108 m3的超大型古滑坡.滑坡后缘及两侧断壁为近直立的石灰岩峭壁,高5 ～30 m.滑床发育有规模不一的冲沟,覆盖有发育植被的坡积物、倒石堆和巨石.该滑坡曾造成过严重的堵江事件,在金沙江左岸仍然可以看到垄岗状残留滑坡坝,坝体方量约180×104 m3,滑坡坝和坝体后侧基岩界限清晰,两者之间岩性区别较大.滑坡堵江事件在上游形成了沿江连续分布长度约46 km的古堰塞湖沉积,沉积物主要由粉土、粉质粘土及粉细砂构成,偶夹卵石层,以水平层理为主,粉细砂层中见有小型交错层理,湖相沉积特征显著,而沉积物的树枝状平面分布进一步证实其形成于堰塞湖环境.     

喜德采书组“8·31”滑坡工程地质特征及运动过程

受青藏高原新生代快速隆升和河流的快速下切影响,在我国西南山区高山峡谷、高地应力场、频繁的地震活动、暴雨及人类活动等内外动力作用下,河谷地段常形成暴雨诱发滑坡→堵江→堰塞湖灾害链。2012-08-31,四川喜德县遭遇200 a一遇的特大暴雨,日最大降雨量达149.2 mm。热柯依达乡上游1.5 km处发生大型碎屑岩滑坡,体积为520×104m3,堵河形成堰塞坝。堰塞湖水位上升28.6 m,库容量达120×104m3,威胁下游9个乡镇与县城约1.29万人的生命财产安全。基于对滑坡及堰塞坝的工程地质测绘,分析了滑坡的平面、空间形态,滑坡体、堰塞坝的物质结构、变形破坏特征。研究了滑坡运动过程的地质力学模式,推导出本构方程。主要认识有:1.滑坡体物质主要分为散体、层状碎裂、层状块裂结构。2.滑坡失稳运动地质模式为:强降雨诱发滑体产生后退式拉裂蠕滑启动;在岩体裂隙中静水压力和动水压力作用下,和前缘良好临空条件结合,产生高速滑动,凌空飞行;受河谷、对岸山体阻挡,急速停止,解体、破碎,堆积于河谷,堵断河流形成堰塞体。3.滑坡启动失稳力学模式主要为潜水和承压含水层混合模式。天然工况下稳定性系数为1.18,处于基本稳定状态;暴雨工况下为0.92,失稳破坏。推导出滑坡短程飞行、碎屑流运动本构方程。4.堰塞坝整体稳定性好,发生管涌或流土溃决的可能性小,主要以"漫顶"模式逐级冲刷破坏。     

微型组合桩在高位滑坡抢险工程中的运用——以宁南白水河滑坡为例

本文通过一个工程实例,分析了白水河高位滑坡灾害链情况,介绍了采用微型组合桩进行抢险治理的思路和方法。工程实践表明,微型组合桩具有施工高效快捷安全的优点,在交通运输条件受限的高位滑坡处置中,取得了成功,可供类似项目设计时参考。     

汶川地震区红椿沟泥石流形成物源量动态演化特征

2008年"5·12"汶川地震时,映秀-北川断裂通过的映秀镇红椿沟流域内产生了大量的碎屑体,约为384.3×104m3,为泥石流的发生提供丰富的固体物源条件。2010-08-14,红椿沟暴发特大型泥石流,冲断公路,堵塞岷江致使江水改道,威胁映秀新区。为研究物源区演变特征,选取3期影像,并结合野外调查资料,通过ArcGis分析发现:地震前,红椿沟植被良好,未发现大规模地质灾害,流域内沟道均属于清水沟。地震后,流域内滑坡崩塌数量为68处,滑坡面积为101.12×104m2,沟道总长度5 752 m,沟道总面积11.82×104m2。受上盘效应影响,沟右岸滑坡发育强于左岸,左岸大多为小型浅层滑坡。2010年"8.14"泥石流后,受地表径流和泥石流的冲刷、侵蚀、切割作用影响,使部分滑坡"复活"或产生新的滑坡,流域内滑坡个数77处,新增9处,变化率为13.23%,滑坡面积139.80×104m2,新增38.68×104m2,变化率38.25%。沟道总长度8 851 m,新增3 099 m,沟道总面积17.48×104m2,新增5.66×104m2。泥石流暴发后,流域内仍有固体物源量约为344.6×104m3,泥石流治理工程可控制物源量约为92.8×104m3,在极端降雨条件下,仍有暴发大规模泥石流的可能。     

土质滑坡滑带土取样方法的新尝试

土质滑坡勘查中,滑带土的取样工作极其重要。能否高质量地采取滑带土样,关系到室内试验的准确性,而试验结果又是滑坡稳定性评价和滑坡治理工程设计的重要依据,试验结果稍有偏差,就可能对滑坡稳定性作出不同的结论,计算出滑坡推力也相差很大。所以,高质量采集滑带土样是做好试验的前提条件,是正确勘察、评价滑坡的重要环节。 由于土质滑坡活动的特殊性,滑带土厚度一般很薄,根所我们对数十个滑坡的调查统计,滑带土厚度大多在几毫米到几厘米,正在活动或者活动时间不久的滑坡,其滑带土大部份为软塑状的粘土、粉质粘土,受滑动碾磨,颗粒很细。滑带土厚度薄、力学性质软弱的特点使取样工作难度极大。 按照常规取样方法,从钻孔中取样试验几乎不大可能,一是钻孔口径的限制使取出的样品数量不够,常规钻孔的口径在100mm上下,不能满足剪切试验土样的数量要求;二是受钻进方法的制约,如果用回转干钻,钻头摩擦生热常常使岩心固结失水,取出的岩心已经干硬,加之岩心之间的相对同心转动,滑带土常常被破坏,失去了实验意义。如果用大口径冲击钻进,能相对较好地保存岩心的原始状态,但这种钻进方法又常常受地层制约,遇到块碎石土时难以钻进。 根据实践经验,在探坑和浅井中对滑动面的揭露比较直观,勘探效果比钻孔理想,这种     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

THE MOST PERFECT EXAMPLE OF AN ALIEN ECOLOGY EVER CONSTRUCTED

Much science-fiction literature is based upon the creation and exploration of alternative environments. Stanley G. Weinbaum's short story, “Parasite Planet,”introduces an unusual environment that may be wrong in the light of recent evidence on Venus but still stimulates the geographical imagination.     

Metals and models: Diagenic modelling in freshwater lacustrine sediments

This review aims to distill and synthesize the existing information on the use of models to describe and predict the distribution and movement of metals in lacustrine sediments. As such it examines the causes of metal diagenesis, the origin and form of the equations that govern these phenomena, and the predictability or measurability of the parameters that appear in the models. The paper concludes by highlighting some seminal results from modelling studies, including the determination of the factors controlling the formation of surficial Mn-Fe-enriched zone or layers, the substantial contribution possible from metal reduction to organic matter regeneration, the calculation of mixing-corrected metal input histories to lakes, and the prediction of growth rates and morphologies for both deep-sea and lacustrine ferromanganese nodules.     

Guidelines to Authors

正1.Aims and scope Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions(SCAR)is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions.Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of cryosphere to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies;focus on the objects of glacier,snow,river,lake,sea ice,permafrost and seasonal frozen ground,and periglacial geomorphology,etc.;and think much of cold regions     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Portable Utopia: Glasgow and the United States 1820–1920. Bernard Aspinwall. Studies in Russian Historical Geography. James H. Bater and R. A. French, eds. Water and Sanitation: Economic and Sociological Perspectives. Peter G. Bourne, ed. Green Politics. Fritjof Capra and Charlene Spretnak. The Southern Cone: Realities of the Authoritarian State. César N. Caviedes. Women in Third World Development. Sue Ellen Charlton. Land Management: New Directions. David Chiddick and Alan Millington, eds. Geography and Ethnic Pluralism. Colin Clarke, David Ley, Ceri Peach, eds. Geomorphological Hazards in Los Angeles. R. U. Cooke. Regional Impacts of United States-Mexico Economic Relations. Alfonso Corona and Lay James Gibson. eds. Patterns of Jobs and Geographic Mobility. Torvald Gerger. Cities and Sickness: Health Care in Urban America. Ann Lennarson Greer and Scott Greer, eds. Neighborhoods: Their Place in Urban Life. Howard W. Hallman. Development and the Rural-Urban Divide. John Harriss and Mick Moore, eds. Patterns of Undocumented Migration: Mexico and the United States. Richard C. Jones, ed. Central Place Theory. Leslie J. King. The Geography of Western Europe: A Socio-economic Survey. Paul L. Knox. Regions and Resources: Strategies for Development. David T. Krisge, Daniel A. Seiver, Oliver S. Goldsmith and Michael J. Scott. Geography of Crowding and Human Response. A Study of Ahmedabad City. K. M. Kulkarni. Haciendo Pueblo. The Development of a Guadalajaran Suburb. Kathleen Logan. The Imperial Lion: Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management in Central Africa. Stewart A. Marks. Water in the Hispanic Southwest: A Social and Legal History, 1550–1850. Michael C. Meyer. Imlil: A Moroccan Mountain Community in Change. James A. Miller. Tourism in Canada: Selected Issues and Options. Peter E. Murphy, ed. David Harvey's Geography. John L. Paterson. Raster Scanning, Processing and Plotting of Cartographic Documents. Donna J. Peuquet and A. Raymond Boyle. The USSR and the Muslim World: Issues in Domestic and Foreign Policy. Yaacov Ro'i, ed. Environmental Perception and Behavior: An Inventory and Prospect. Thomas F. Saarinen, David Seamon, and James L. Sell. Incised channels, Morphology, Dynamics, and Control. Stanley A. Schumm, Michael D. Harvey, and Chester C. Watson. The Gap Between Rich and Poor: Contending Perspectives on the Political Economy of Development. Mitchell A. Seligson, ed. Twentieth-Century Richmond. Planning, Politics and Race. Christopher Silver. Land Conservation and Development: Examples of Land-Use Planning Projects and Programs. F. R. Steiner and H. N. van Lier, eds. Biogeography: Recent Advances and Future Directions. J. A. Taylor, ed. Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union. A. A. Velichko, ed. H. E. Wright, Jr. and C. W. Barnosky, eds.