临沧市临翔区城市形态演变的分形研究

在对临沧市临翔区1949～2009年城市建成区地图进行遥感和GIS技术处理的基础上,利用分形理论的边界维数模型对其城市形态的演变过程进行了定量分析,并以城市紧凑度和建成区面积年均增长率作为辅助数据,探索了临翔区城市形态在不同历史阶段的扩展特征。研究表明:临翔区城市形态具有分形特征,其演变过程经历了5个大的阶段:第一次快速扩展期、缓慢扩展期、恢复扩展期、第二次快速扩展期和稳定扩展期。扩展模式在外部扩展和内部填充之间不断"角力"。在整体的扩展方向上,以向北为主导。演变受到多种因素的共同作用,以经济、政策和自然因素的影响为最大。     

高速交通对山东省城市形态时空演变的影响

为研究高速交通对城市形态时空演变的影响,基于1995—2018年山东省城市建设用地数据,选取城市形态扩张速度指数、城市形态扩张强度指数、城市形态紧凑度指数和分形维指数等指标,从时空角度分析高速交通对山东省城市形态演变的影响。结果表明:(1)山东省城市建设用地分散,紧凑度低;(2)山东省城市发展规模小,城市扩展速度慢;③大城市形态受高速交通分割严重。针对高速交通对山东省城市形态演变带来的问题,提出了山东省高速交通与城市和谐发展的对策性建议。     

城市空间形态的最低成本-周期扩张规律——以昆明为例

城市形态演化反演城市土地利用模式的转变,是内部最低成本土地利用模式驱动力的外部表达。这一城市空间格局演变遵循本文提出的"外部扩张,内部填充"相互交替总体规律。它既是集聚与扩散驱动因子作用的结果,也是植入与再植入的"扬弃"选择过程的交互作用产物。基于最低成本—周期扩张模型的假设,本文选取昆明建成区近现代的影像资料,运用形态学的视角分析城市空间结构的变迁,探寻城市形态演化规律。结果表明:(1)从城市形态演变的一般理性微观、宏观过程来看,城市形态变迁在统计学上遵循最低成本—周期扩张规律假设;(2)在最低成本—周期扩张模型内,公共投资与基层设施建设变动及其要素替代效应对形态的周期性扰动响应是其核心作用机制。     

徐州城市形态演变的分形分析

基于城市扩展图和多时相Landsat遥感影像资料，应用分形理论，对1949年以来徐州城市形态的演变进行定量分析，揭示了徐州城市形态在不同时期的扩展特征。结果表明：徐州城市形态具有分形性质，城市形态的演变是多种因素综合作用的结果，尤其与经济发展的周期性变化密切相关。城市形态的演变经历了迅速扩展期、缓慢扩展期、恢复扩张期、快速推进期和稳步扩张期。在空间上，徐州城市形态一直处于外部扩展一轴间填充一外部扩展的循环过程中。在扩展方向上，1987年以前，城市的扩展重心向东北方向转移；1987年以后，扩展重心转向东南方向。     

怀化城市形态演变特征及影响因素

城市形态研究一直就是城市地理学的一个重要内容,本文根据1992、1999、2007年城市规划土地利用现状图、怀化市1∶10000地形图、遥感影像图、社会经济统计数据以及其他相关资料,借助ArcGIS 9.2平台和统计分析软件(SPSS11.5),采用空间形态分析、地统计分析、等扇分析、景观测度及分形理论等研究方法,对我国中部铁路枢纽城市怀化的城市形态演变特征及形成机制展开研究。结果表明:城市整体以正东、西南、正北方位的扩展为主,且呈现出明显的阶段性特征;城市外部形态的紧凑度、分维数偏低,形状指数偏大,城市内部形态演化中,居住用地和公共设施用地的圈层分布比较明显,工业用地主要集中在几个特定圈层,而工业用地和住宅用地各时期随圈层面积变化较大,公共设施用地各时期随圈层面积变化较小;在此基础上探寻城市形态演变的动力机制,认为怀化城市形态的演变是经济发展、交通设施发展、自然地理条件限制等多重驱动力共同作用的结果。     

西宁城市空间形态演化研究

在RS和GIS技术支撑下,利用城市空间紧凑度模型,分析西宁1987,1996,2001,2006年近20年的城市影像图.认为西宁城市空间形态呈现出"X"形,在城市空间形态演化过程中表现出扩张速度加快,湟水南岸扩张速度快于湟水北岸,并且主导西宁城市空间形态演化类型;从城市内部来看,近20年湟水北岸城市空间扩张以填充紧凑型模式演化,湟水南岸表现出从填充紧凑型过渡为外延扩张型为主.最后分析得出西宁城市形态跨河发展演化机制中,湟水、南川河与北川河流向奠定了其城市空间形态总体格局,交通网络体系起到了重要的引导作用,经济基础发挥了关键性作用等.     

快速城市化阶段济南城市空间扩展及驱动力研究

基于济南市1992年、2000年、2010年、2018年Landsat遥感影像数据,借助ArcGIS、ENVI等图像分析工具,提取济南城市建成区,从扩展速度、强度、分形维数、紧凑度、重心转移等方面探究济南城市空间扩展的时空变化过程、特征,运用地理加权逻辑回归方法对济南城市空间扩展驱动力进行分析。结果表明：① 济南城市空间扩展经历“中强低速”“高强中速”“低强高速”3个阶段,城市形态趋于稳定,城市形状呈现东西向条带状分布格局,紧凑度较差;② 1992—2018年济南城市空间向E、NEE、NE方向扩展最为显著,扩展方式以外延扩张与内部填充为主,城市空间分布重心东移态势明显;③ 济南城市空间扩展受多重驱动因子影响,主驱动因子为距城市建成区距离、距主要公路距离、地区生产总值、城镇化率、人口密度等。     

地理学学位论文摘要(13篇)

本文以中国城市为研究对象,分析了从秦汉至今中国城市形态基本模式的产生发展过程,划分了我国城市形态发展的五个历史时期,并研究各个时期城市形态的基本特征。同时将城市形态划分为由内向外,由小到大的三个相互联系的空间层次——城市内部形态、城市外部形态、城市群形态;分别阐述了三个形态层次的特征及基城市工业、商业、居住等活动的基本现象和规律,并分析了我国城市形态发展演变的机制和影响因素;此外,具体地研     

基于道路交叉点邻域扩张曲线的城市边界识别——以成都、西安、武汉、南京和长沙为例

城市边界识别是定性和定量研究城市的基础和前提,已有的关于城市边界提取的研究大都需要提前设定阈值或依赖人口统计数据。基于分形几何学,利用矢量建筑物分布数据识别城市边界,虽可克服这一缺陷,但国内城市边界的研究往往受阻于矢量建筑物分布数据获取困难。本文提出了一种基于道路交叉点的邻域扩张曲线作为识别城市边界的新方法。结果表明：该方法以电子地图为数据源,基于道路交叉点矢量数据进行研究时,城市集群数据随搜索半径增大而改变,城市扩张曲线中的最佳距离阈值是提取城市边界的关键;提取成都、西安、武汉、南京和长沙城市边界的最佳距离阈值分别为133、114、139、124和129 m,各城市的集群面积分别为769、350、270、317和359 km²。利用道路交叉点提取城市边界,方法简便可行,数据较易获得,本文结论有望为城市形态发展演变和城市规划等相关研究提供参考。     

上海大都市交通网络分形的时空特征演变研究

分形理论的城市形态发生学研究应用,首先是从交通网络的应用开始的。国内外学者进行的大量案例研究表明,分形分维有可能是表征城市交通网络特征、解释城市交通网络发展,演化的一种较为理想的测度指标。以上海这一国际性大都市的交通网络为研究主体,通过测算上海市不同行政区域交通网络的分维值,研究分形特征的空间变化;利用不同时代上海市全域及典型行政区交通网络的分维,研究分形特征的时间演化。研究结果表明,在上海与一些发展相当成熟的大、中城市与城市化地区,交通网络形态1.7左右的分形分维值具有普适性,有可能是判断网络形态与功能、结构完善度的一个较为合宜的测度指标;分维的变化,表现在空间域上,上海城市交通网络的分形特征内域明显复杂于外域,在城市发展主轴方向表现为由内向外分维测度值的有序降低;而在时间域,近期的交通网络分形复杂度明显高于早期,网络的构型不断得到优化;这一总体趋势,与城市形态开发、经济发展的历程相一致。可以相信,分形测度与分维的演化将成为描述城市形态发生学过程的一个最有用的指标。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,