天水烤烟最佳育苗设施及苗期气象条件的研究

针对天水早春气温波动大,寒潮、大风天气多,低温冷害重而育苗成活率低的气候背景,１９９６～１９９８年对烤烟育苗期间,进行适宜气象条件及最佳育苗设施手对比试验研究,得出当地烤烟幼苗健壮生长的最适环境气象条件,同时,也得出了当地烤烟育苗的最佳设计是双膜纸钵大畦与弓棚大畦,以双膜钵大畦最佳。     

济宁冬季气候特征对日光温室生产的影响

利用济宁1960—2013年逐年冬季（12月—次年2月）平均气温、平均最低气温、≤-5.0℃低温日数、日照时数、降雪日数、能见度≤1000m 雾日数及平均风速等资料进行数据统计分析。发现济宁冬季平均气温、平均最低气温整体呈上升的趋势,≤-5.0℃低温日数有减少的趋势,热量条件利于发展日光温室。冬季日照、降雪日数有下降的趋势,雾有略微下降的趋势,虽然日照时数减少,对日光温室生产稍显不利,但光照条件总体利于发展日光温室。冬季平均风速和平均极大风速有减小的趋势,对发展日光温室是一个较为有利的因素。     

地膜玉米生态特点,关键技术与气象服务

近年来，地膜覆盖在玉米生产中起到了明显的增产作用，而获得了广泛的推广应用，尤其在热量不足的地区，地膜玉米都有较大的增产效果。地膜栽培与常规生产相比较，地膜玉米具有增温、保墒，促进早熟丰产的作用。1地膜玉米的生态环境适应性1．l地膜覆盖改善了玉米的生态环境1．1．1改善土壤热状况地膜覆盖后，在膜下聚结的水珠减少热量辐射散发，又防止膜内空气流动带走热量，能有效地蓄热保温。据观测：scm地温，从4月下旬到5月中旬30天时间内Z10℃有效积温增加gi．3℃，5－Anm地温，从4月下旬到5月中旬均增加2－3．9℃，全生育期间，膜内…     

加厚空体墙日光温室保温性能分析

1引言日光温室蔬菜生产在蔬菜生产中、尤其是在高原地区的蔬菜生产中占有非常重要的地位。高原地区虽然光照资源丰富 ,但由于海拔较高 ,温度普遍偏低 ,为高原地区利用普通日光温室进行反季节蔬菜栽培带来了很大困难。为此 ,我们对普通日光温室的结构进行了改造 ,在原红砖墙的基础上 ,设计出了加厚空体墙的墙体结构 ,并在墙体内加入填充物 ,从而有效地减少了热量的散失 ,提高了冬季日光温室的保温性能。根据实地测试 ,这种墙体结构的日光温室与普通日光源室相比 ,温度可提高10℃左右 ,基本上可以满足绝大多数叶菜类及一些果菜类蔬菜生长的需…     

日光温室光温调控技术

1光1．1合理的温室结构目前，我国基本推行三面是墙体，一面见光的单跨东西栋温室，主要解决了夜间保温性好，省去加温设备，降低成本的问题。而半拱圆塑料棚面的日光温室透光量大。1．2透光性好的覆盖材料一般干净薄膜的透光损失为20％，如吸附水滴和灰尘又会损失20％，故选择无滴、长寿、多功能薄膜透光率提高7％左右。1．3反光膜的应用将表面镀有铝粉的银色聚酯膜挂在日光温室的后柱附近，可提高北部的光照31．8％～70．9％；并增加地温0．5～1．0℃，气温1．2～2．3℃。1．4　清洁棚面每天坚持用布条、笤帚等清扫棚面，清除表面灰尘、杂…     

营养杯育蕉苗的气温条件分析

1采用营养杯育苗的原因我市热量丰富，年平均气温21．5℃，且≥10℃的80％保证率积温7331．9℃。最冷月平均气温13.6℃，无霜期达360天以上，平均年雨量1700mm以上。如此优越的气候条件，对种植香蕉十分有利，全市已种植香蕉2700公顷以上。但是，夏秋季节，热带气旋活动频繁，尤其登陆在厦门～汕尾的热带气旋对我市影响最大，对成熟和将成熟的香蕉带来毁灭性的破坏。为避过热带气旋的影响，推迟、调制香蕉上市季节，采用营养林育蕉苗是解决问题的好办法。2营养林育蕉苗的试验我市关埠农技站与汕头农委、市科协等单位协作，自1991年起开始营…     

石家庄地区日光温室冬季小气候特征及其与大气候的关系

根据2006—2007年、2008—2009年冬季日光温室内小气候和附近气象站观测资料,利用相关和逐步回归分析,对不同天气状况下石家庄地区日光温室冬季小气候特征及其与外界的关系进行了研究。结果表明,晴天和少云-多云天气下日光温室内的气温、空气相对湿度、接受到的最大太阳辐射有明显的日变化;连续寡照时,室内全天气温低,空气湿度大,不利于蔬菜正常生长发育。影响日光温室内小气候的主要因子有外界的日照时数、平均气温、最低气温、最高气温、空气湿度、云量以及温室内前一天的最高气温等。建立了日光温室内外气象要素的相关模型,经拟合检验和应用检验,不同天气状况下日光温室内日最低气温、最高气温、空气最小相对湿度、接受到的最大太阳辐射的平均绝对误差分别在1.1℃、2.5℃、5.8%、58.3W·m~(-2)以内,平均相对误差大部分在10%以内,具有较高的精度。     

河南省设施农业冬季低温灾害风险评估

为了提高气候资源利用率,合理优化河南省冬季设施农业布局,利用1981—2018年河南省113个国家气象站冬季逐日最低气温资料,采用数理统计方法计算冬季年最低气温标准差和不同低温灾害指标的气候概率、发生频率、发生强度,并采用等权重法构建设施农业低温风险指数,结合低温灾情资料,选用有序样本最优聚类法划分设施农业低温风险等级,且叠加地表覆盖数据进行低温灾害风险评估。结果表明:河南省各地冬季低温灾害指标小于等于-5℃的气候概率和发生频率均超过0.80,不适宜发展塑料小拱棚,且不宜采用单层塑料大棚进行设施农业生产。信阳和南阳南部小于等于-10℃的气候概率和发生频率均小于0.20,适宜发展塑料大棚;鹤壁、安阳和濮阳小于等于-10℃的气候概率和发生频率均超过0.80,需发展日光温室才能保证设施作物生长。在塑料大棚发展区内,信阳市固始县和商城县为低温灾害轻度风险区,信阳大部、南阳部分区域和周口为中度风险区,其他地区均为重度风险区;在日光温室发展区内,濮阳、安阳和鹤壁部分区域为低温灾害特重风险区。河南省冬季各地不同等级的低温灾害风险有一定的区域性,在发展设施农业时,应因地制宜进行科学布局。     

天气、气候影响评述

2013年1—3月江西省气温明显偏高,降水偏少,日照分布不均。季度内出现了雨雪冰冻、冰雹、强降水等灾害性天气过程,局部地区农业生产受灾严重;但大部时段气温偏高,热量充足,大部地区稳定通过10℃初日较常年提前了15—25d,且3月全省未出现明显的低温连阴雨灾害,天气条件对早稻播种育秧、棉花育苗总体有利,基本未发生烂种、烂秧现象,春播进度较常年有所加快。     

怎样解决湿度大时日照迹线不清楚的问题

在夏季温度较大的地区，日照迹线不清楚给记录造成影响，同时给计算带来很多麻烦。根据实际情况，我们采取以下几种办法，仅供夏季湿度较大地区参考。1少涂日照纸。在每次涂日照纸时要少涂一些，一般情况下涂5张（与自记上弦相同便于记忆）用完后再涂，这样就减少了涂多后受潮湿药起变化，使日照迹线不清。2保持干燥。在有条件的台站可以把涂好的日照纸放在恒温箱内，使日照纸保持干燥。在没有条件的情况下，也可以采取放在电热毯下，保持干燥。3在日出之前换上纸。但需要有高度的责任心和严格的交接班制度，才能保证日照纸不。漏换。总之，…     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.