松辽盆地北部上二叠统林西组地球化学特征及地质意义

为探讨松辽盆地北部林西组地球化学特征、沉积环境及构造背景,对该区黑富地1井所钻遇的上二叠统林西组暗色泥质板岩进行主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素测试分析,结果表明：样品主量元素平均质量分数SiO₂为65.05%、Al₂O₃为17.23%、CaO为2.58%、Na₂O为2.84%、K₂O为3.29%,K₂O/Na₂O值为0.20~3.48,A1₂O₃/（CaO+Na₂O）值为0.41~8.01;稀土元素w（∑REE）值介于80.68×10^-6~215.59×10^-6之间,平均值为173.41×10^-6,δEu值介于0.61~0.88之间,平均值为0.70,表现为Eu的负异常,δCe值介于0.91×10^-6~1.01×10^-6之间,为微弱的Ce负异常,LREE富集,HREE亏损;微量元素以亏损Nb、Ta、Sr,相对富集Rb、Ba、La、Ce、Pb、Nd、Sm为特征。样品元素分析和物源w（TiO₂）-w（Ni）、La/Th-w（Hf）等判别图解表明,林西组沉积物源具有多样性,主要来源于上地壳长英质物源,还有少量来自中、基性岩火成岩物源区。样品微量元素标准化蛛网图,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图,K₂O/Na₂O-w（SiO₂）、Th-Co-Zr/10、F₂-F₁构造背景判别图及地球化学参数对比结果表明,松辽盆地北部林西组物源构造背景主要为活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧,可能形成于靠近大陆岛弧的活动大陆边缘构造背景。林西组应形成于海陆过渡相到陆相环境,水体由半咸水逐渐转变为淡水。     

贺兰山—六盘山地区中侏罗统直罗组地球化学特征及其地质意义*

贺兰山—六盘山地区是研究华北板块西部大地构造背景的关键区域。在研究区内中侏罗统直罗组地层采集了20件样品,应用全岩分析和ICP-MS方法对采集的样品进行主、微量及稀土元素测试并对其地球化学特征做出分析。测试结果显示,样品中Al₂O₃/SiO₂值介于0.17~0.31之间,平均值为0.25;K₂O/Na₂O值介于0.77~73.77之间,平均值为9.78;Al₂O₃ /(Na₂O+CaO)值介于0.49~96.00之间,平均值为15.68。上述含量和比值与样品成分成熟度、元素迁移、热液流体影响和风化程度有关。部分元素之间存在良好的相关性,能够反映物源及环境的变化。稀土元素值总和(ΣREE)变化较大(132.16~394.47μg·g^-1),其球粒陨石标准化配分模式与大陆上地壳(UCC)极为相似,表现为轻稀土富集、重稀土平坦、Eu负异常,Ce异常不明显等特征。结合UCC标准化曲线、La/Yb值、Gd_N/Yb_N值、La/Th值和Hf含量,认为直罗组源岩主要为长英质岩石,混杂了少量古老沉积岩和基性岩或者特殊矿物,且后太古界地层提供主要物源。微量元素构造背景判别图揭示研究区中侏罗统直罗组地层的物源区具有大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘的特征,物源可能来自于兴蒙造山带和祁连造山带。化学蚀变指数(CIA)值和A-CN-K图反映源岩经历了较强的风化作用,但不同区域之间的风化程度存在差异。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段沉积岩元素地球化学特征及沉积环境分析

沉积岩的地球化学特征可以反映盆地沉积环境。为了探讨鄂尔多斯盆地延长组沉积时期古气候、氧化还原条件、古盐度等特征,对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部铜川延长组长7段的5个砂岩、8个页岩样品进行主量、微量以及稀土元素地球化学分析。结果显示,长7段细粒沉积物Al₂O₃/SiO₂值与K₂O/Na₂O值指示样品成分成熟度差别不大,黏土矿物含量较高。∑REE平均值为132.65×10^-6,明显低于北美页岩平均稀土元素含量,也低于全球平均大陆上地壳值;LREE分异程度较高,呈微弱的Eu正异常,无Ce异常。“C值”、Sr/Cu、Rb/Sr、Mg/Ca等指标显示延长组沉积期整体处于温暖潮湿的气候区。研究区样品富集微量元素U、Sc、Cs(平均20.11×10^-6、9.66×10^-6、6.08×10^-6),结合V、δU、Th/U、V/Cr、V/Sc、V/(V+Ni)等指标分析,结果指示延长组沉积期以底层水体呈强分层的还原环境为主。Li、Sr、Ni、Sr/Ba、(MgO/Al₂O₃)×100等值显示沉积期水体总体为淡水-微咸水。     

南秦岭东部新元古代埃达克质岩的发现及其地质意义

秦岭造山带是一条复合型大陆碰撞造山带,存在若干新元古代构造岩浆事件的遗迹,它们对深化认识南北秦岭汇聚-碰撞过程和Rodinia超大陆聚合具有重要意义。本文对南秦岭东部豆腐尖岩体英云闪长岩开展LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩主微量元素地球化学研究。代表性样品的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为860.7±6.0Ma,表明其形成时代为新元古代。岩石地球化学特征表现为高SiO₂(62.41%～68.89%)、高Al₂O₃(15.33%～17.33%),富Na₂O(4.23%～5.80%)和高Na₂O/K₂O比值(1.11～2.41),富Sr(>400×10^-6),低MgO(0.55%～2.08%),低Y(7.40×10^-6～18.20×10^-6)、Yb(0.63×10^-6～1.62×10^-6),...     

小兴安岭北部八里桥地区碱长花岗岩成因与地质意义

小兴安岭八里桥地区位于兴蒙造山带东部兴安地块与松嫩—张广才岭之间的构造带上,区内构造演化复杂,岩浆活动频繁。本文通过对八里桥地区晚古生代碱长花岗岩的年代学和岩石地球化学研究,旨在为兴安地块与松嫩—张广才岭地块碰撞拼合时限提供新的约束。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,八里桥地区发育的中粒碱长花岗岩形成于(295.3±0.7) Ma,属早二叠世侵入体。碱长花岗岩w(SiO₂)为75.27%～77.71%,w(Al₂O₃)为11.48%～13.28%,w(Na₂O+K₂O)为6.96%～8.72%,Na₂O/K₂O比值为0.27～1.05,A/CNK值在1.00～1.51之间,属过铝质、高钾钙碱性系列岩石。稀土元素总量为116.46×10^-6～321.52×10^-6,ΣLREE/ΣHREE和(La/Yb)_N比值分别为3.07～9.65和1.70～6.91,显示轻稀...     

四川省西昌盆地上三叠统白果湾组地球化学特征及其意义

对四川省西昌盆地上三叠统白果湾组碎屑岩的主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素进行综合研究,得出其主量元素具有富SiO₂、CaO、P₂O₅,贫Al₂O₃、TFe₂O₃、MgO、Na₂O、K₂O的特征; 微量元素具有富Zr、Cs、Th、U等特征; 稀土元素总量相对较高,轻重稀土元素分馏明显,轻稀土较重稀土相对富集,具有中等负铕异常。白果湾组物源区为长英质岩区,属于被动大陆边缘区; 白果湾期的气候经历了湿润→干旱→湿润→干旱的变化过程; 成分成熟度总体偏低,呈现高→低→高→低的变化规律,与CIA变化趋势呈负相关。本次研究为该区晚三叠世环境演化研究提供了基础资料。     

四川若尔盖地区西康群地球化学特征及其物源区和古风化程度分析

通过对四川省若尔盖地区西康群砂泥岩的主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素进行综合研究,发现本区砂泥岩的SiO₂ 、P₂O₅ 、MnO与PAAS有相同的含量,富集Na₂O、CaO,贫Al₂O₃ 、Fe₂O₃、MgO、K₂O和TiO₂。微量元素W含量大大高于上地壳丰度,Nb和Ta含量大大低于上地壳丰度,而与下地壳丰度相当,Sc的含量略低于上地壳丰度,造岩元素Sr 略高于地壳丰度值。稀土元素总量相对较高,平均值为133.97×10^-6,与地壳中的稀土元素总量112×10^-6较为接近。轻稀土元素相对于重稀土元素较为富集,具中等的负铕异常,稀土配分曲线均显示比较一致的右倾的轻稀土富集的配分模式。由此认为其地球化学特征与大陆岛弧和被动大陆边缘沉积物相似。综合其他地质资料认为若尔盖地区西康群砂泥岩的物源区可能为康滇古陆。     

黑龙江滨东地区唐家屯组火山岩时代的U-Pb年代学证据

黑龙江省滨东地区广泛发育唐家屯组火山岩,其以强片理化酸性、中酸性火山岩为主,夹少量中性火山岩及片理化变质的正常沉积岩.唐家屯组火山岩SiO₂含量为61.50%~68.96%,TiO₂、Fe₂O₃、MgO和CaO的含量分别为0.61%~0.88%、1.21%~4.24%、0.30%~2.08%和0.77%~4.57%.Mg^#为4~25,Al₂O₃=15.12%~16.99%,K₂O=2.68%~5.2%,Na₂O/K₂O=0.94~2.18,Na₂O+K₂O=7.05%~9.99%,较富碱.稀土元素总量（∑REE）为140.81×10^-6~276.36×10^-6,LREE/HREE比值为7.72~9.70,明显富轻稀土元素,贫重稀土元素.δEu=0.77~1.03,具有负异常-弱的正异常,稀土元素配分曲线为右倾性.微量元素总体上富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）Zr、Ba,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素和Sr、P,具有双峰式火山岩的特点.该火山岩LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年的结果显示,其加权平均年龄分别为300±1 Ma,形成时代为晚石炭世,其形成于引张环境.     

甘肃金川早古生代正长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学、岩石学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

报道了甘肃金川正长花岗岩体的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩地球化学资料,以确定岩体的形成时代、岩石成因及其构造属性。正长花岗岩样品中岩浆锆石SHRIMP U-Pb加权平均年龄为(425.7±2.5) Ma(MSWD=1.07),属晚志留世,与金川地区出露的辉绿岩脉年龄相近。正长花岗岩低硅(SiO₂ 66.71%~70.05%),富碱(Na₂O+K₂O 10.00%~10.7%),K₂O/Na₂O比值为1.88~2.41,高全铁(FeO^T 1.79%~2.62%),低钛(TiO₂ 0.34%~0.52%),A/CNK=0.82~1.05。岩石学及化学成分显示其属于准铝质碱性系列A1型花岗岩,具有较高的锆石饱和温度(T_Zr=878~1 015 ℃);稀土元素含量高,ΣREE含量为374.4×10^-6~529.4×10^-6(平均428.7×10^-6),稀土元素配分曲线呈现轻稀土元素相对富集、重稀土相对亏损的右倾分布特征,(La/Yb)_N=28.07~41.28,具Eu负异常(δEu=0.53~0.66)。原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图显示Nb、Ta、Ti和P的亏损。岩石具有较高的Rb/Sr值(介于0.81~1.27之间,平均值为1)和Rb/Nb值(介于4.72~9.75之间,平均值为7.15),显示壳源岩浆的成分特征。结合区域地质背景及构造判别认为,金川正长花岗岩形成于上地壳长英质物质在高温条件下的部分熔融,同时代出露的辉绿岩脉与其组成的双峰式侵入岩形成于伸展的板内裂谷环境,与约426 Ma阿拉善地块和祁连-柴达木地块导致的俯冲板片断裂、折返以及软流圈地幔的上涌有关,金川地区“I6隐伏矿体”形成以后所经历的构造活动及热液成矿作用的叠加可能与该双峰式岩浆活动有关。     

新疆温泉县哈布特乌兰一带青白口纪花岗岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

新疆温泉县城以南哈布特乌兰一带，花岗岩较发育，共划分出2个侵入序次，由6个岩体组成。在该区第一侵入次获得LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄值为882.8±8.5Ma，时代为青白口纪。该期花岗岩中K₂O、Na₂O含量偏高，K₂O/Na₂O较低，Al₂O₃>CaO+Na₂O+K₂O,A/NKC大于1.1，为S型花岗岩，属高硅、高钾钙碱性过铝质岩石。稀土元素总量为(19.14～70.3)×10^-6，微量元素中RbN/YbN>1,δEu为0.1～0.35，小于0.7，有明显亏损。综合分析，本期侵入岩为交代成因的壳源型花岗岩，表明岩浆源于壳源的产物，随着岩浆温度、压力的不同逐渐分异结晶冷凝而成。     

北京周边二叠系山西组泥岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

对采自北京周边的二叠系山西组露头及钻井泥岩样品进行了岩石学和地球化学研究,结果表明：岩石主要由粘土矿物和石英组成,兼有少量碳酸盐岩和长石;岩石中碳酸盐岩含量的高低与CaO、MgO含量有很好的对应关系;SiO₂、Na₂O和K₂O亏损,TiO₂和Fe₂O₃^T富集,反映了基性物源的存在;微量元素特征比值显示源区母岩为非单一物源,稀土元素总量较高,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素平坦,铕大部分具明显负异常、少部分微弱正异常,Ce基本无异常,显示为多物源,各样品稀土元素配分模式与大陆上地壳一致,显示了沉积物具有同源性。源岩应为来自于华北地块北缘的大陆上地壳的沉积岩、花岗岩和碱性玄武岩的混合。二叠系山西组泥岩沉积于覆水较深的还原环境,源区构造背景为大陆岛弧与活动大陆边缘。     

皖北新元古代刘老碑组页岩的地球化学特征及其地质意义

从安徽北部新元古代刘老碑组页(泥)岩中采集了11个样品。地球化学分析表明,研究区南部的淮南和凤阳页岩样品SiO₂、TiO₂、Al₂O₃、K₂O、TFeO和CaO含量分别为55.28%、0.87%、15.60%、2.99%、4.01%和5.83%,接近页岩平均值,只是CaO含量稍高。北部宿县地区页岩样品SiO₂、TiO₂、Al₂O₃、K₂O、TFeO和CaO含量分别为57.01%、1.82%、20.97%、4.85%、3.31%和0.57%,与南部地区相比,TiO₂和K₂O含量显著偏高,是其2.1倍和1.6倍。刘老碑组页岩REE总量平均为219×10^-6,LREE富集,La/Yb为14.2(9.8～18.6),Eu负异常,Eu/Eu^*为0.60(0.54～0.63),但是北部页岩有更高的REE总量(295.8×10^-6)和La/Yb比值(17.8)。微量元素分析表明,北部页岩中Sc、V、Zr、Nb和Th较高,南部Co和Pb较高。但是南部和北部却有比较一致的La/Sc(2.29±0.15)、Th/Sc(0.69±0.06)和La/Th(3.29±0.20)比值。La-Th-Sc和Th-Sc-Zr/10判别图清楚地表明,刘老碑组页岩形成于大陆岛弧构造环境,岛弧可能位于研究区的南部边缘。北部页岩明显偏高的TiO₂和Al₂O₃含量以及化学风化指数(CIW)表明北部沉积物的源区经历了更强烈的风化作用。     

羌北-昌都地块那益雄组火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学特征

本文对青藏高原羌北-昌都地块阿布日阿加措地区的晚二叠世那益雄组火山岩进行了年代学和地球化学研究。该火山岩主要由玄武岩、安山玄武岩、安山岩、流纹岩、凝灰岩组成,具有碱性玄武岩到酸性熔岩的特征。锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明该火山岩的形成时代为251. 1±4. 8～249. 6±1. 3 Ma之间。地球化学分析结果表明,该地区的流纹岩具有高的Si O2(74. 85%～77. 55%)和Na2O+K2O(5. 40%～6. 61%)含量,较低的MgO、K2O和Ca O含量,Al2O3含量低且稳定,里特曼指数平均为1. 15,小于3. 3。安山岩Si O2含量55. 13%～56. 28%,Na2O+K2O含量4. 13%～6. 15%,里特曼指数平均为2. 20,小于3. 3,属于钙碱性安山岩。碱性玄武岩Si O2含量51. 49%,Na2O+K2O含量6. 34%,里特曼指数为4. 73,属于碱性系列。稀土元素配分曲线为富集LREE的右倾型。另外,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE) Th、U,亏损高场强元素(HFSE) Nb、Ta等特征,均说明羌北-昌都地块阿布日阿加措地区的火山岩形成于陆缘岛弧环境。     

藏北阿里地区改则县雀康一带纳丁措组火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学特征

纳丁措组火山岩分布于班公湖—怒江结合带以北,属于羌塘—三江复合板片内多玛地层分区雀康地层小区的火山岩地层,代表了羌南地区古近纪的火山活动,为一套粗安岩-粗面岩的岩石组合。在地层区采集了3件岩石年龄样品,测年结果分别为(35.99±0.29) Ma、(37.2±0.65) Ma、(35.23±0.37) Ma。样品中SiO₂含量均较高,介于58.7%~65.51%之间; 铝饱和指数A/NFC为0.046~1.029,普遍较低,显示偏铝岩石的特性; MgO含量普遍略高,介于1.10%~2.95%之间。稀土元素(rare earth element,REE)特征显示,样品中REE总量为243.38×10^-6~313.48×10^-6,说明岩石属于稀土元素偏高型,其中∑[w(Ce)]/∑[w(Y)]为15.24~20.61,属于轻稀土富集型; [w(La)/w(Yb)]_N为26.34~52.01,说明轻、重稀土分异明显; δEu为0.77~0.91,属于弱负异常。Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素富集度高,而Hf和重稀土元素等高场强元素丰度值较低,绝大部分样品分析结果显示Ti、Ta、Nb亏损明显,w(La)/ w(Sm)值较为稳定,w(Sm)/ w(Yb)为4.3~6.7,比值较低。根据岩石地球化学特征,判断纳丁措组火山岩原始岩浆来源于青藏高原加厚陆壳之下与岩石圈地幔之上的特殊壳幔过渡带,形成环境为造山带附近的大陆拉张的板内初始裂谷环境。     

Oxygen isotope composition of phenocrysts from Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island lavas: variation with fractional crystallization and evidence for assimilation

We have measured the δ¹⁸O values of the major phenocrysts (olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase) present in lavas from Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island. These islands, which result from the same mantle plume, have enriched radiogenic isotope ratios and are, therefore, prime candidates for an oxygen isotope signature that is distinct from that of MORB. Consistent differences between the δ¹⁸O values of olivine, pyroxene and feldspar in the Gough lavas show that the phenocrysts in the mafic Gough Island lavas are in oxygen isotope equilibrium. The olivines in lavas with SiO₂ <50 wt% have a mean δ¹⁸O value of 5.19‰, consistent with crystallization from a magma having the same oxygen isotope composition as MORB. Phenocrysts in all the Gough lavas show a systematic increase in δ¹⁸O value as silica content increases, which is consistent with closed-system fractional crystallization. The lack of enrichment in δ¹⁸O of the Gough magmas suggests that the mantle source contained <2% recycled sediment. In contrast, the Tristan lavas with SiO₂ >48 wt% contain phenocrysts which have δ¹⁸O values that are systematically ∼0.3‰ lower than their counterparts from Gough. We suggest that the parental mafic Tristan magmas were contaminated by material from the volcanic edifice that acquired low δ¹⁸O values by interaction with water at high temperatures. The highly porphyritic SiO₂-poor lavas show a negative correlation between olivine δ¹⁸O value and whole-rock silica content rather than the expected positive correlation. The minimum δ¹⁸O value occurs at an SiO₂ content of about 45 wt%. Below 45 wt% SiO₂, magmas evolved via a combination of assimilation, fractionational crystallization and crystal accumulation; above 45 wt% SiO₂, magmas appeared to have evolved via closed-system fractional crystallization. Received: 23 November 1998 / Accepted: 27 September 1999     

新疆天山地区榆树沟-铜花山蛇绿岩特征和构造背景

榆树沟-铜花山蛇绿岩出露于南天山北缘,属哈萨克斯坦-伊犁板块和塔里木板块之间的缝合带。蛇绿岩已被构造肢解,主要由超镁铁岩、堆晶岩、熔岩类组成。超镁铁岩以方辉橄榄岩为主,显示典型的亏损地幔岩特征,橄榄石为富镁型,Fo为90;斜方辉石为顽火辉石,En为90,单斜辉石含量少;副矿物铬尖晶石属低铬型,Cr^#值(＝Cr/(Cr+Al)×100)16~28,Mg^#值(=Mg/(Mg+Fe)×100)63~75,反映了深海橄榄岩特征。归一化后榆树沟超镁铁岩MgO含量38.84%~44.53%,Al₂O₃为1.51%~3.63%,CaO为0.42%~5.77%,成分近于大洋二辉橄榄岩;铜花山的超镁铁岩叠加碳酸岩化,LREE强烈富集,可能经历了俯冲洋壳流体改造。熔岩类在榆树沟和铜花山均有较大规模产出,其中榆树沟玄武岩为主,铜花山安山岩和英安岩较多。熔岩多已遭受绿片岩相海底热液蚀变。榆树沟玄武岩的REE含量总体比铜花山的低,稀土配分模式均为轻稀土富集型;玄武岩的微量元素特征表明其源区可能遭受过流体作用影响。铜花山三个高镁火山岩化学成份具有SiO₂(32%~36%)含量很低、MgO(20.12%~28.50%)含量高、K₂O+Na₂O(0.06%~0.46%)含量小于2%的特征,综合分析可归为苦橄岩类。堆晶岩通常以构造小岩块产在超镁铁岩块中或基性熔岩中,以辉长岩为主,有少量橄榄辉石岩等,岩石蚀变、构造变形强烈。堆晶岩的成分接近玄武岩,存在LREE富集和略亏损平坦两种类型。岩石地球化学特征表明榆树沟和铜花山的蛇绿岩形成于MOR构造环境,但具有受俯冲带流体改造特征,并伴生有岛弧火山岩。     

A new partial substitution mechanism of CO 3 2− /CO3OH3− and SiO 4 4− for the PO 4 3− group in hydroxyapatite from the Kaiserstuhl alkaline complex (SW-Germany)

Based on a detailed mineral-chemical investigation of apatite from a series of carbonatites and associated silicate volcanic rocks of the Kaiserstuhl tertiary alkaline volcanic centre, evidence for a new substitution mechanism was found within the hydroxyapatite group, yielding the following simplified formula: (Ca, Sr, LREE)₁₀(SiO₄)_x(CO₃)_x(PO₄)_6–2x(OH, F)₂ with 03 ^2– and SiO ₄ ^4– for PO ₄ ^3– ; however, excess charge may be subsequently adjusted by CO₃OH^3– partly accompanied by the REE in the Ca site.     

Mineralogy,major and trace element geochemistry of riverbed sediments in the headwaters of the Yangtze,Tongtian River and Jinsha River

We collected riverbed sediments of the headwaters of the Yangtze River (Chumaer River, Tuotuo River, Gaerqu River and Buqu River), Tongtian River and Jinsha River (HTJR) flowing on the eastern Tibetan Plateau and analyzed their mineralogical features, major and trace element contents. The results show: (i) very poor correlations of Na₂O, K₂O, CaO, Ba, and Sr to SiO₂, LREE to Th, HREE to Hf, and Ta/La to Ti, and characteristics of Eu anomaly (the ratios of (Eu/Eu^*)_N range from 0.60 to 0.83 with an average value of 0.71) all indicate that the Jinsha River sediments have not undergone much mineralogical sorting; (ii) illite and chlorite are predominant clay minerals, and quartz, calcite, dolomite, albite, and K-feldspar are prevailing non-clay minerals. The characteristics of mineral assemblage indicate relatively weak chemical weathering degree in these river basins; (iii) very high contents of Fe₂O₃, MgO, TiO₂, Sc, V, Cr, Co, and Ni at Panzhihua mainly result from the huge-sized V–Ti magnetite deposits occurred in layered gabbroic intrusion; and (iv) the chemical alteration index (CIA) in the HTJR ranges from 46.5 to 69.2 and with an average value of 60.5 which indicates relatively weak weathering degree.     

The Geochemical and Zircon Trace Elements Characteristics of A-type Granitoids in Boziguoer,Baicheng County,Xinjiang

The Boziguoer A-type granitoids in Baicheng County,Xinjiang,belong to the northern margin of the Tarim platform as well as the neighboring EW-oriented alkaline intrusive rocks.The rocks comprise an aegirine or arfvedsonite quartz alkali feldspar syenite,an aegirine or arfvedsonite alkali feldspar granite,and a biotite alkali feldspar syenite.The major rock-forming minerals are albite,K-feldspar,quartz,arfvedsonite,aegirine,and siderophyllite.The accessory minerals are mainly zircon,pyrochlore,thorite,fluorite,monazite,bastnaesite,xenotime,and astrophyllite.The chemical composition of the alkaline granitoids show that SiO2 varies from 64.55％ to 72.29％ with a mean value of 67.32％,Na2O＋K2O is high （9.85％-11.87％） with a mean of 11.14％,K2O is 2.39％-5.47％ （mean =4.73％）,the K2O/Na2O ratios are 0.31-0.96,Al2O3 ranges from 12.58％ to 15.44％,and total FeOT is between 2.35％ and 5.65％.CaO,MgO,MnO,and TiO2 are low.The REE content is high and the total SREE is （263-1219） ppm （mean =776 ppm）,showing LREE enrichment and HREE depletion with strong negative Eu anomalies.In addition,the chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the alkaline granitoids belong to the ＂seagull＂ pattern of the right-type.The Zr content is （113-1246） ppm （mean =594 ppm）,Zr＋Nb＋Ce＋Y is between （478-2203） ppm with a mean of 1362 ppm.Furthermore,the alkaline granitoids have high HFSE （Ga,Nb,Ta,Zr,and Hf） content and low LILE （Ba,K,and Sr） content.The Nb/Ta ratio varies from 7.23 to 32.59 （mean =16.59） and the Zr/Hf ratio is 16.69-58.04 （mean =36.80）.The zircons are depleted in LREE and enriched in HREE.The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the zircons are of the ＂seagull＂ pattern of the left-inclined type with strong negative Eu anomaly and without a Ce anomaly.The Boziguoer A-type granitoids share similar features with A1-type granites.The average temperature of the granitic magma was estimated at 832-839℃.The Boziguoer A-type granitoids show crust-mantle mixing and may have formed in an anorogenic intraplate tectonic setting under high-temperature,anhydrous,and low oxygen fugacity conditions.     

Mid-Pleistocene lavas from the Seguam volcanic center,central Aleutian arc: closed-system fractional crystallization of a basalt to rhyodacite eruptive suite

In contrast to adjacent volcanic centers of the modern central Aleutian arc, Seguam Island developed on strongly extended arc crust. K-Ar dates indicate that mid-Pleistocene, late-Pleistocene, and Holocene eruptive phases constitute Seguam. This study focuses on the petrology of the mid-Pleistocene, 1.07–07 Ma, Turf Point Formation (TPF) which is dominated by an unusual suite of porphyritic basalt and basaltic andesite lavas with subordinate phenocryst-poor andesite to rhyodacite lavas. Increasing whole-rock FeO^*/MgO from basalt to dacite, the anhydrous Plag+Ol+Cpx±Opx±Mt phenocryst assemblage, groundmass pigeonite, and the reaction Ol+Liq=Opx preserved in the mafic lavas indicate a tholeiitic affinity. Thermometry and comparison to published phase equilibria suggests that most TPF basalts crystallized Plag+Ol+Cpx±Mt at 1160°C between about 3–5 kb (±1–2% H₂O), andesites crystallized Plag+Cpx+Opx±Mt at 1000°C between 3–4 kb with 3–5% H₂O, and dacites crystallized Plag +Cpx±Opx±Mt at 1000°C between 1–2 kb with 2–3% H₂O. All lavas crystallized at f _{o 2} close to the NNO buffer. Mineral compositions and textures indicate equilibrium crystallization of the evolved lavas; petrographic evidence of open-system mixing or assimilation is rare. MgO, CaO, Al₂O₃, Cr, Ni, and Sr abundances decrease and K₂O, Na₂O, Rb, Ba, Zr, and Pb increase with increasing SiO₂ (50–71%). LREE enrichment [(Ce/Yb)_n=1.7±0.2] characterizes most TPF lavas; total REE contents increase and Eu anomalies become more negative with increasing SiO₂. Relative to other Aleutian volcanic centers, TPF basalts and basaltic andesites have lower K₂O, Na₂O, TiO₂, Rb, Ba, Sr, Zr, Y, and LREE abundances. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.70361–0.70375) and ratios of ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (18.88–18.97), ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (15.58–15.62), ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (38.46–38.55) are the highest measured for any suite of lavas in the oceanic portion of the Aleutian arc. Conversely, Nd values (+5.8 to+6.7) are among the lowest from the Aleutians. Sr, Nd, and Pb ratios are virtually constant from basalt through rhyodacite, whereas detectable isotopic heterogenity is observed at most other Aleutian volcanic centers. Major and trace element, REE, and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions are consistent with the basaltic andesitic, andesitic, dacitic, and rhyodacitic liquids evolving from TPF basaltic magma via closed-system fractional crystallization alone. Fractionation models suggest that removal of 80 wt% cumulate (61% Plag, 17% Cpx, 12% Opx, 7% Ol, and 3% Mt) can produce 20 wt% rhyodacitic residual liquid per unit mass of parental basaltic liquid. Petrologic and physical constraints favor segregation of small batches of basalt from a larger mid-crustal reservoir trapped below a low-density upper crustal lid. In these small magma batches, the degree of cooling, crystallization, and fractionation are functions of the initial mass of basaltic magma segregated, the thermal state of the upper crust, and the magnitude of extension. Tholeiitic magmas erupted at Seguam evolved by substantially different mechanisms than did calc-alkaline lavas erupted at the adjacent volcanic centers of Kanaga and Adak on unextended arc crust. These variable differentiation mechanisms and liquid lines of descent reflect contrasting thermal and mechanical conditions imposed by the different tectonic environments in which these centers grew. At Seguam, intra-arc extension promoted eruption of voluminous basalt and its differentiates, unmodified by interaction with lower crustal or upper mantle wallrocks.