Decoding urban development dynamics through actor-network methodological approach

Due to growing social and physical transformations, contemporary cities reveal the profound necessity of proper scientific approaches that are adjusted to conditions of global complexity and dynamic patterns of development. Predominance of an overall market economy, sporadic deregulations of administrative powers and a lack of local investment or resources, dominate urban reality. Incongruous urban decision-making procedures result in contextually inappropriate and incoherent urban management. We will explore these operational elements in Savamala neighbourhood in Belgrade. The actor-network theory (ANT) is applied to analyse the hyper dynamic circumstances of transition in Serbia. An unclear regulatory framework, powerful financial means for investment and limited institutional influence of citizen participation, deploy unstable urban development modalities at the neighbourhood level. ANT offers an insight into how urban norms, projections and structures unfold and how associations and translations of urban elements develop. Plausible yet complex collisions in Savamala constitute a challenge for ANT in mapping urban development processes and visualizing actors and networks through diagrams. Based on the presented results, the illustrative perspective of ANT minimalizes both the importance and the influence of the permanence of urban structures across time and space. Instead, ANT deals with a city as a contingent, fragmentary and heterogeneous, yet persistent product of actors, their roles, associations, agencies and networks. Possible adaptations of ANT should respond to the needs of non-scientific actors and practitioners for an interpretive tool that addresses undercover processes and mechanisms or provides explanations, recommendations or operational diagnoses on how to absorb urban development dynamics.     

The automatic management of drivers and driving spaces

In this paper, we examine the development and implementation of new technical systems designed to more effectively manage and produce driving, drivers and driving spaces. These new systems change the governmentality of automobilities by altering the relationship between driver, vehicle and transport infrastructure and produce new subjects and spaces. They do this principally through the process of automation, creating a system of regulation that we term ‘automated management’. Automated management consists of two interlocking sets of regulatory technologies: automated surveillance that seeks to enforce more effective (self)disciplining and capture systems that actively reshape activity. We argue that these work together to alter the automobilities landscape creating new socio-spatial arrangements with respect to access, movement, flow, and behaviour. Some of these arrangements are benign and empowering to individuals, others enhance the power of state and corporations. We illustrate our argument with examples predominately drawn from the UK, though the technologies we discuss are increasingly being developed and implemented throughout Western countries and beyond.     

The non spaces of critical geography in Mexico

The paper examines the limited presence of critical geography in Mexico and analyses why the lack of theoretical discussion means there is a need for theory from abroad. Different stages in the development of our critical practice, our links with planning programmes, and a lack of relations with other Latin American countries are all salient features.     

热岩-枝找矿理论

矿化线索或矿苗的发现,对地质找矿具有重要意义。找矿理论、方法创新是重要的地质科学问题,一直备受地质学家关注。近年,随着各种成矿、成矿模式的建立,找矿向更宏观更微观演化。文章在分析我国当前地质找矿勘查存在问题的基础上,指出野外一线找矿工作者需心存宏观找矿概念,并应加强中观找矿理论、方法的学习和研究,进而提出了热岩-枝找矿理论,重点阐述了热岩-枝组矿模型的特征及地质异常找矿方法,并结合近年来作者找矿体验,分析了其特点及应用前景。     

The theory of metasomatic zoning

The main features of the theory of metasomatic zoning, developed by the author, are here exposed. The basic differential equations of metasomatic zoning, of the infiltration as well as of the diffusion type, are deduced for the conditions of local equilibrium, the kinetic phenomena being neglected. The sharpness of the fronts of replacement and other regularities of metasomatic columns are established and the differences between infiltration and diffusion columns are shown. The mathematical model of the outstripping wave of acidic components in the flow of postmagmatic solutions is discussed, in relation with the acidic filtration effect, i.e., with the higher filtration rate of acidic components as compared with basic ones. The passage of this acidity wave causes the acid leaching of metals out of rocks and their subsequent concentrated redeposition in veins. One may therefore speak of a lateral and vertical hydrothermal acid-base differentiation.

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Zusammenfassung Die wesentlichsten Ergebnisse der vom Autor entwickelten Theorien über metasomatische Zonenbildungen werden dargelegt. Die grundlegenden Gleichungen der metasomatischen Infiltrations- und Diffusionszonalität werden unter der Annahme entwickelt, daß lokales Gleichgewicht geherrscht hat unter Vernachlässigung der kinetischen Beziehungen. Die Bildung scharfer Verdrängungsfronten und anderer Regelmäßigkeiten im Aufbau der metasomatischen Kolonnen und Unterscheidungsmerkmale zwischen Infiltrationsund Diffusionskolonnen werden festgehalten. Das mathematische Modell der Überholenden Aziditätswelle im Migrationsstrom der postmagmatischen Lösungen wird betrachtet. Diese Welle ist mit dem azidischen Filtrationseffekt verbunden, d.h., mit der schnelleren Filtration der azidischen Komponenten im Vergleich zu den basischen. Der Durchlauf der Aziditätswelle im Strom der postmagmatischen Lösungen ruft die azidische Auslaugung der Metalle aus Gesteinen hervor, mit darauffolgender angereicherter Ablagerung der Metalle in Gängen. Dadurch wird eine laterale und vertikale hydrothermale azid-basische Differentiation hervorgerufen.

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A report prepared for a lecture tour in France in 1967.     

火山岩储层储集空间及影响因素研究

火山岩储层已成为油气勘探的一个新领域。由于火山岩储层的复杂性和特殊性,对其的研究还比较薄弱。在总结国内外火山岩储层研究成果的基础上,通过对准噶尔盆地与松辽等盆地的火山岩储层的分析,本文认为火山岩储层的储集空间主要有孔洞和裂缝,而裂缝连通了孤立的孔洞。当孔、洞、缝相互交织在一起时,才可形成有效的火山岩储集空间。在火山岩储层储集空间的演化过程中,由于受自身因素和外部条件的影响,火山岩储层的内部结构比较复杂。岩性岩相、成岩作用、风化淋滤作用、构造作用等在对火山岩储集空间的改造中起着关键作用。     

The feeling of participation: Everyday spaces and urban change

Initiatives around ‘public participation’ and ‘community involvement’ have become increasingly central to UK government policy programmes, particularly within interventions aimed at disadvantaged neighbourhoods. These initiatives have been the subject of extensive critical comment, essentially focusing on the ways in which power is often maintained by state agencies, whatever the surrounding rhetoric. This article attempts to consider what more productive forms of participation might feel like, through drawing on fieldwork with two small community groups on housing estates in Stoke-on-Trent, UK, to look at how and why they were able to generate successful participation in their activities. The importance of the small-scale interactions and feelings that made up their spaces of participation is explored. These can be characterised through ideas such as ‘feeling comfortable’, ‘feeling at home’, ‘helping out’ and ‘keeping going’, and involve everyday sociability and informal forms of volunteering. If government is serious about supporting political participation in such contexts it needs to consider how official projects might learn from these kinds of spaces.     

Shared spaces — separate spaces: the Israel-Palestine peace process

The Israel-Palestine peace process has been implemented in a series of stages, beginning with limited Palestinian autonomy in part of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, followed by the territorial expansion of the self government region to include all major Palestinian population centers. The current peace process is no more than a transition stage on the way to Palestinian statehood. Final round negotiations will have to deal with difficult issues of boundary demarcation. This will necessitate transforming the geographically discontinuos map of the Oslo II agreement into separate and compact political territories. While shared Israeli-Palestinian spaces would indicate a real move towards peace, continued mistrust and suspicion of each partner for the other is dictating the creation of separate spaces — for both peoples and territories. This is yet another example of the continued significance of territorial boundaries as part of the conflict resolution process in areas of ethno-territorial disputes.     

The liminality of training spaces: Places of private/public transitions

This paper draws upon research, conducted for the London West Learning and Skills Council, on the training experiences of women with dependent children. One of the striking revelations of the research, we suggest, is the way in which training spaces are used and perceived by women, which are often at odds with government intentions. To help make sense of women’s use of, and motivation for, training we utilise the concept of ‘liminality’ and the private/public imbrication to explain the ways in which women use, or are discouraged from using, training spaces. Further, how the varied and multiple uses women in our research have put training to in their own lives has encouraged us to rethink the relationship between the private and the public more generally. In the light of this, we suggest that training and the places in which training take place, have been neglected processes and spaces within feminist geography and might usefully be explored further to add to an extensive literature on women’s caring and domestic roles and their role in the paid workplace.     

Differential spaces of critical geography

This intervention address some of the social and epistemological mechanisms that construct an `international' writing space imbued with an Anglo-American hegemony. This is done by way of three examples, each making it possible to infer one of the general mechanisms at work. Taking off from the, comment, by the way of examples from Denmark, tries to illustrate how a truthful acknowledgement of the contextuality of geographical knowledges can multiply the spaces of critical geography--in the end enriching Anglo-American and non-Anglo-American debates alike.     

电阻率层析成像的实质及其应用

电阻率层析成像技术是８０年代末期发展起来的一种地球物理勘探方法，本文分析了其实质，并介绍了用于电阻率层成像野外观测的ＭＣＯＨＭ－２１型仪器，最后通过实例说明了该方法的应用前景。     

The homonormalisation of white heterosexual leisure spaces in Bloemfontein, South Africa

The paper comprises a response to the overwhelming lack of geographical research into South African gay male leisure space development and augments the first detailed analyses of white gay leisure space development in this country by redirecting the geographic focus to a smaller provincial city. The image of gay leisure space that emerges in Bloemfontein is different from those identified and described in large metropolitan complexes. What emerges in this city is the development of gay-coded spaces in which heterosexual leisure spaces are queered, but not with the intent or outcome of generating exclusively gay spaces. Homonormalised spaces are created. It is contended that much of the current debates approach the so-called homonormalistion of gay leisure space from an unhelpful “gay/queer-disempowered” perspective which is inadequate to explain the development of a range of leisure spaces certain gay/queer cohorts created and/or seek out. It is suggested that homonormalised spaces are far more than heteronormativity infiltrating the gay (leisure) world through a range of consumption-led processes/events, or gay male capitulation to such normative hegemonies. It is argued that “homonormalisation” should be understood more reflexively.     

The origins and use of theory in urban geography: Household mobility and filtering theory

The paper looks in detail at one particular interpenetration of academic theory and state policy making — filtering theory in urban geography. While household mobility and turnover are important processes in the housing system, they are extended in filtering theory to form a universal explanatory model embracing the entire housing system. In this model idealised concepts of the operation of the housing market—valid only under conditions that do not occur in practice — are used to legitimate a laissez-faire natural-market view of how the housing system should operate. Translated into government policy, used to justify the dominant private interests in housing, and supported by academic explanation, the theory then comes to legitimate the persistence of gross inequalities in housing provision and to maintain the allocation of resources away from those most in need. This paper reviews this use of filtering theory both in Britain and the United States, and makes a variety of empirical and theoretical criticism of its validity.     

The theory of bypassed-isotope formation in the universe

A Fermi-gas model for the atomic nucleus in the presence of a quantizing magnetic field is considered. The energy of the magnetized neutrons is determined taking into account the Pauli paramagnetism, and the energy of the magnetized protons taking into account Landau diamagnetism and Pauli paramagnetism. To determine the characteristics of the proton-gas energy in a quantizing magnetic field, we use a model for the proton motion in which the initial energy of the proton and the magnetic field strength enable estimation of the maximum Landau quantum number. The latter characterizes the proton motion perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field. Due to the occupation of Landau levels by protons, it is possible to estimate the kinetic energy for continuous motion along the magnetic field from zero to a certain finite value. As a result, the magnetic field of a certain strength facilitates neutron evaporation from the nucleus and increases the stability of the protons in the nucleus.     

粗糙集理论与方法在地质研究中的应用

在地质研究工作中,经常遇到海量的数据需要处理.这些数据集合通常具有规模庞大、类型复杂、参数繁多、完整性差、先验信息多等特点.因此,地质数据集合分析一直是制约地质工作定量化研究的瓶颈.本文针对地质研究中数据集合的特点,结合粗糙集理论,提出一种适合地质研究领域泛用的地质数据分析和规则提取模型,并通过三个实例介绍应用该模型约...     

The inverse problem of the theory of degenerate dwarfs

Based on the radii and masses of degenerate dwarfs derived from HIPPARCOS and other observations, we estimate the microscopic parameters of a Chandrasekhar model (the relativistic parameter at the stellar center x ₀, and the chemical-composition parameter μ _e = A/Z, where A is the mass number and Z is the nuclear charge). We have obtained analytical expressions for the macroscopic characteristics (mass, radius, energy) as functions of x ₀ and μ _e . From the calculated dependence of the energy on these parameters, we have found constraints on the range of variability of x ₀, which are in good agreement with the observed radius distribution of dwarfs. The critical value of x ₀ at which stability breaks down due to general-relativisitc effects is found more accurately than previously. We propose a generalized model with an inhomogeneous (coordinate-dependent) chemical composition, with μ _e = μ _e (r).