波浪能发电平台系泊系统耦合动力响应及水动力分析

本文以一种新型波浪能发电平台为研究对象,分别采用基于三维势流理论的软件Sesam和基于有限体积法的Flow3D软件,对平台和发电浮子进行水动力分析。应用Sesam-HydroD模块计算了平台和发电浮子在频域内的运动响应,将平台和发电浮子的垂荡运动响应进行对比分析,结果表明,在正常海况下,平台与发电浮子垂荡运动相对幅值满足捕能系统的发电需求。应用Flow3D软件对平台整体进行水动力分析,结果表明,平台与发电浮子相对运动振幅在0.3～0.4m间,可满足发电需求。在此基础之上,应用Orcaflex软件,通过时域耦合动力分析的方法,计算了平台在自存工况和作业工况下的运动响应和系泊缆动张力响应,结果表明:在自存工况下,平台锚泊线的安全系数符合规范要求,平台具有良好的安全性能,能够适应恶劣的海洋环境;在作业工况下,平台的垂荡运动响应对波浪方向变化并不敏感,捕能系统不受波浪方向变化的影响,满足发电需求。另外,本文的研究结果能为类似的海洋平台的研究提供建议和参考。     

极限海况下Spar平台系泊系统耦合动力分析

在复杂的风浪流海洋环境中,Spar及其系泊系统的耦合作用受多方面的影响。对极限海况下的某Classic-Spar平台及其系泊缆索的动力响应做了时域非线性耦合研究。重点分析了极限海况下一根或者多根系泊缆索断裂时平台运动及其缆索张力动力响应的统计特性。分析结果表明,在风浪流同向且共线的极限海况下,不同位置处的系泊缆索发生断裂,对整个平台系泊系统安全的影响程度不尽相同,尤其以迎浪方向系泊缆索的断裂影响显著。     

深海系泊系统动力特性研究进展

系泊系统设计是深海平台开发的关键问题之一。由于深海环境载荷和系泊材料物理特性及系缆构型影响,系泊系统分析涉及流固耦合非线性、非线性流体动力及整个系泊系统的运动稳定性。总结深海系泊系统关键理论和技术研究的前沿问题,包括系泊系统系缆建模、系泊系统耦合动力分析的理论和方法等,重点分析系泊系统非线性动力学问题的研究进展,并且提出了深海系泊系统需要深入研究的若干动力学问题。     

深海采矿转场工况平台—水下系统耦合动力响应特性研究

针对水深6.0 km深海采矿装备,研究其转场工况平台—水下系统耦合动力响应特性。建立深海采矿平台—输浆管—中继站一体化耦合动力模型,其中采用有限元方法离散输浆管,采用势流理论计算平台水动力,基于Kalman滤波对动力定位系统进行参数整定,优化动力定位系统推力。考虑动力定位系统,计算水动力和采矿平台—输浆管—中继站的频域响应和平台—水下系统耦合时域运动响应,计算得到了平台时域运动响应、水下系统动力响应及动力定位系统推力响应。结果表明：建立的一体化耦合动力分析模型是可行的,可以有效预报平台及水下系统响应;转场0°浪向动力定位系统可以有效控制平台运动;中继站运动较小,输浆管轴力较大,建议将输浆管的浮力材料移动到流速较小的水下范围,可降低拖曳力,有利于输浆管的强度性能。     

深海平台试验中水深截断系泊缆动力特性对比分析

在深海平台混合模型试验中,采用大截断比水深截断系泊缆模拟全水深系泊缆的静力和动力特性具有很大的难度.以工作在1 500 m水深的Spar平台系泊系统为例,对比分析5种大截断比水深截断系泊缆的动力特性,研究缆绳轴向刚度、直径和单位长度空气中质量对水深截断系泊缆动力特性的影响规律.认为这三个因素对水深系泊缆的动力响应影响并不是孤立的,需要合理地选取三者的参数,才能使得水深截断系泊缆的动力响应与全水深系泊缆保持一致.     

不规则波中半潜式平台及其系泊系统动力响应分析

采用时域分析方法,研究某半潜式平台在不规则波作用下的动力响应特性。重点分析在不同浪向角情况下,平台系统有1根锚链缆发生断裂时,其运动谱与锚链缆张力谱的变化特性。研究表明,在该半潜平台遭遇恶劣海况时,一旦有某1根锚链缆发生断裂,则对整个平台系统的动力响应特性将是有很大影响的。     

新型深海系泊系统及数值分析技术

随着海洋油气资源开发逐渐向深海转移,传统的悬链式系泊系统在技术和经济上遇到难以逾越的障碍。作为一种新型的适用于深水和超深水环境的系泊系统,绷紧索系泊系统面临广阔的应用前景。文章对这种新型系泊系统的发展情况进行了介绍,基于有限元数值分析技术,对系泊系统的两个关键特性,即系缆的绷紧-松弛特性以及纤维系缆的动刚度特性进行了分析和处理,通过算例考察了深海平台运动引起的系缆力响应。     

首尾两点系泊系统设计及水动力性能分析

海上油轮在服役过程中受到随机风浪荷载和随机海流的共同作用,因此其系泊系统的合理设计对于实现其正常功能有着重要作用。本文以某油田开发工程为例,采用AQWA计算软件,对一艘首尾系泊的油轮进行了水动力性能分析。考虑了系泊缆的水动力特性以及系泊系统与油轮之间的耦合影响,研究了不同方向的风、浪、流等环境荷载对两点系泊系统动力响应的影响,为首尾两点系泊系统的设计应用提供了一定的参考。     

随机波浪中张力腿平台耦合运动及系泊系统特性研究

张力腿平台(TLP)是一种垂直系泊的半顺应半刚度式平台,预报平台的运动响应及锚泊系统的张力是张力腿平台结构设计的重要基础。应用挪威船级社SESAM软件在频域和时域内研究了张力腿平台在随机波浪中的非线性运动响应及系泊系统特性,并在试验室中通过缩尺比为1∶40的模型进行了试验验证。在试验验证的基础上,将仅考虑浪与考虑浪、流联合作用下的张力腿的张力平均值、幅值及标准差作了对比。结果表明,在较低海况时,考虑浪和流时的张力腿与不考虑流的情况变化不大;在较大海况时,流的影响不可忽略,考虑流的张力腿变化幅度要略大于不考虑流的情况。     

半潜式平台运动及系泊系统特性研究

针对深海半潜式平台及其系泊系统的水动力特性,运用时域耦合的分析方法,对一座水深为1 000 m的半潜式平台,及其悬链线式系泊系统的水动力性能进行探索,获得频域和时域响应结果。同时阐述了平台系泊系统的设计流程,并通过系泊系统参数的变化,研究其特性寻找影响系泊系统作用的一般规律,为平台及其系泊系统设计提供参考。     

Design Curves for Mooring Lines of Turret Mooring Systems

This paper presents a series of design curves to aid in the selection of turret mooring systemsfor tankers based Floating Production Storage and Offloading(FPSO)systems.These curves are appropri-ate to water depths ranging from 100m to 600m.The curves can be used as a preliminary design tool,al-lowing the designer to quickly evaluate alternative mooring system configurations,including the numberof mooring lines,the characteristics of chain and wire rope to be deployed and the initial tension.With aknowledge of the total environmental force and vessel motion characteristics,the designer can determinethe appropriate system for closer evaluation.     

Theoretical Model and Dynamic Analysis of Soft Yoke Mooring System

As a popular solution for mooring an FPSO （Floating Production, Storage and Offloading） permanently in shallow water, the soft yoke mooring system has been widely used in ocean oil production activities in the Bohai Bay of China. In order to simulate the interaction mechanism and conduct dynamic analysis of the soft yoke mooring system, a theoretical model with basic dynamic equations is established. A numerical iteration algorithm based on error estimation is developed to solve the equations and calculate the dynanfic response of the mooring system due to FPSO motions. Validation is conducted by wave basin experimentation. It is shown that the numerical simulation takes only a few iteration times and the final errors are small. Furthermore, the calculated results of both the static and dynamic responses agree well with those ones obtained by the model test. It indicates that the efficiency, the precision, the reliability and the validity of the developed numerical algorithm and program are rather good. It is proposed to develop a real-time monitoring system to further monitor the dynamic performance of the FPSO with a soft yoke mooring system under various real sea environments.     

防风单点系泊系统系泊力试验研究

通过物理模型试验,得到了3种船型在不同工况组合下的偏荡幅度、偏荡周期以及系泊力实测数据。试验得出了船舶在台风与波、浪、流共同作用下,单点系泊力的主要影响因素为风速、流速、波浪、船舶种类、水线上下侧投影面积比和系泊系统的刚性。选出了本文理论意义明确合理的适合单点系泊系统使用的防风系泊力表达形式,即奎因公式。采用系泊力试验数据在奎因公式的基础上导出的防风系泊系统系泊力计算公式,并给出了公式中的重要参数表达式。     

Study on Collision Characters for SPAR Platform

This paper presents the research on the external mechanism of collision characters for a SPAR platform. The collision characters of SPAR platform have not attracted so much attention as that of ships in the past, because short of this kind of collision accidents reported. But with the increasing number of SPAR platforms in the world, the possibility of such kind of accident also increases. Therefore, it is necessary to master the character of SPAR collision. Model test technique is employed to study the external mechanism. The collision scenario is a ship colliding with a SPAR platform moored in the site with 1500 meters water depth. The striking ship hits the SPAR platform on the hard tank near water surface in its longitudinal direction. The specifics of the SPAR＇s motions and the tension forces of the mooring lines are collected to summarize the hydrodynamic characters in the collision scenario. It is found that the maximal displacements and the maximal pitch angles of the SPAR platform, and the maximal tension forces of mooring lines are all linearly proportional to the initial velocity of the striking ship basically. Mooring lines play elastic roles in the collision course.     

Analysis of Optimization for Preliminary Design of Multi-Component Mooring Systems

Multi-component mooring systems become widely used in deep water position-keeping of drilling and production platforms. However, versatile materials make it difficult to design appropriate mooring lines made of several segments. Based on catenary equations of a multi-component mooring line at a specific water depth, this paper establishes a minimum model for designing this kind of lines. The model is solved by Genetic Algorithm and Multi-Objective Planning respectively. The model is verified by its application to a practical mooring design assigranent-a quasi-static analysis for a largesemi-submersible. The optimal result is finally obtained with the aid of design graphs.     

Impact Analysis of Air Gap Motion with Respect to Parameters of Mooring System for Floating Platform

In this paper, the impact analysis of air gap concerning the parameters of mooring system for the semi-submersible platform is conducted. It is challenging to simulate the wave, current and wind loads of a platform based on a model test simultaneously. Furthermore, the dynamic equivalence between the truncated and full-depth mooring system is still a tuff work. However, the wind and current loads can be tested accurately in wind tunnel model. Furthermore, the wave can be simulated accurately in wave tank test. The full-scale mooring system and the all environment loads can be simulated accurately by using the numerical model based on the model tests simultaneously. In this paper, the air gap response of a floating platform is calculated based on the results of tunnel test and wave tank. Meanwhile, full-scale mooring system, the wind, wave and current load can be considered simultaneously. In addition, a numerical model of the platform is tuned and validated by ANSYS AQWA according to the model test results. With the support of the tuned numerical model, seventeen simulation cases about the presented platform are considered to study the wave, wind, and current loads simultaneously. Then, the impact analysis studies of air gap motion regarding the length, elasticity, and type of the mooring line are performed in the time domain under the beam wave, head wave, and oblique wave conditions.     

Full Coupled Effects of Hull, Mooring and Risers Model in Time Domain Based on an Innovative Deep Draft Multi-Spar

The coupled hull, mooring and riser analysis techniques in time domain are widely recognized as the unique approach to predict the accurate global motions. However, these complex issues have not been perfectly solved due to a large number of nonlinear factors, e.g. forces nonlinearity, mooring nonlinearity, motion nonlinearity and so on. This paper investigates the coupled effects through the numerical uncoupled model, mooring coupled model and fully coupled model accounting mooring and risers based on a novel deep draft multi-spar which is especially designed for deepwater in 2009. The numerical static-offset, free-decay, wind-action tests are executed, and finally the three hours simulations are conducted under 100-year return period of GOM conditions involving wave, wind and current actions. The damping contributions, response characteristics and mooring line tensions are emphatically studied.     

Fully Coupled Effects of Hull, Mooring and Risers Model in Time Domain Based on An Innovative Deep Draft Multi-Spar

The coupled hull, mooring and riser analysis techniques in time domain are widely recognized as the unique approach to predict the accurate global motions. However, these complex issues have not been perfectly solved due to a large number of nonlinear factors, e.g. forces nonlinearity, mooring nonlinearity, motion nonlinearity and so on. This paper investigates the coupled effects through the numerical uncoupled model, mooring coupled model and fully coupled model accounting mooring and risers based on a novel deep draft multi-spar which is especially designed for deepwater in 2009. The numerical static-offset, free-decay, wind-action tests are executed, and finally three hours simulations are conducted under 100-year return period of GOM conditions involving wave, wind and current actions. The damping contributions, response characteristics and mooring line tensions are emphatically studied.     

系泊平台碰撞外部动力学的数值仿真研究

海洋平台通常在近岸系泊状态下作业,附近常有穿梭油轮和供应船的航行或停靠,因此系泊状态下的平台被碰撞的机会较多。平台一旦遭受碰撞,其结构将受到严重的破坏,因此对该状态平台动力特性的研究具有重要意义。本文结合碰撞的外部动力学和多体动力学理论,对软钢臂单点系泊条件下的海洋平台进行碰撞分析,对平台碰撞特性和系泊装置的运动响应进行了研究,分析了系泊平台的运行轨迹及能量耗散情况,为平台在系泊状态下的安全性提供依据。从分析结果可以看出:相比于无系泊状态的碰撞,系泊平台遭受侧向撞击时,平台的纵荡位移可降低30%~40%,但由于系泊系统的存在,横荡速度和位移显著增加,但整体偏转幅度降低(即艏尾位移减小);垂荡位移大幅度增加,速度波动较大,振动明显;横摇和艏摇的角速度和角度幅值降低,沿近似正弦曲线变化。