河南嵩县钾长石石英脉型钼矿矿床成因分析

河南嵩县钾长石石英脉型钼矿顺层产出于中元古界熊耳群火山岩中,呈似层状、透镜状密集平行排列,与围岩整合产出.矿化石英脉两侧呈条带状蚀变,钼矿化均伴随着钾长石化、强硅化和黄铁矿化.远离石英脉则蚀变减弱,矿化也随之减弱.石英脉可以划分三期,早期无矿石英脉;中期石英脉含有辉钼矿-黄铁矿-黄铜矿-方铅矿-闪锌矿,构成石英脉型矿石.晚期属于石英-碳酸盐细脉,无矿化.文章对三期石英脉分别进行了地球化学分析,石英脉矿石和非矿石英脉稀土含量配分曲线及微量元素的差异反映成矿流体喷流结晶过程中发生了流体分异.成矿流体包裹体反映系高盐度富CO2的沸腾和不混溶流体成矿,成矿压力28×103～68×105Pa,属于低压浅成环境.测定了矿化石英脉的Ar/K年龄1352.95±27.06Ma.根据上述分析.认为嵩县钾长石石英脉型钼矿属于火山期后中高温热液矿床,成矿物质来自火山岩浆热液,在火山口及火山机构附近沿火山岩层问裂隙充填交代成矿.     

与岩浆热液有关成矿流体特征、演化及其对比研究——以社垌石英脉型钨钼矿床和宝山斑岩型铜矿床为例

与同一花岗质岩浆系统密切相关的不同成矿作用在成矿流体性质、组成、演化及成矿物质沉淀等特征既存在相似之处,也表现出明显差异。本文对赋存在社山复式岩体中的社垌石英脉型钨钼矿床和宝山斑岩型铜矿床进行的对比研究表明,钨钼矿体呈石英细脉状产出在社山加里东期黑云母花岗闪长岩中,铜矿体呈浸染状分布在宝山燕山晚期隐伏花岗斑岩体中。流体包裹体研究数据表明,社垌钨钼矿床石英中流体包裹体均一温度范围为180 ℃～320 ℃和340 ℃～440 ℃,其中主峰值范围为180 ℃～320 ℃,盐度峰值范围分别为0～10%、16%～20%、30%～34%,集中在0～10% NaCl_equiv.峰值范围内（n = 177）,显示社垌钨钼矿床的成矿流体形成于一种中高温、中低盐度的H₂O-NaCl±CO₂体系。宝山斑岩型铜矿床中石英包裹体的均一温度范围在136.6 ℃～440.0 ℃,峰值为240 ℃～360 ℃,盐度主要集中在0.18%～34.83% NaCl_equiv.（n = 154）,显示宝山斑岩型铜矿床的成矿流体属于中-高温、高盐度的NaCl-H₂O-KCl±CO₂体系。结合包裹体岩相学以及均一温度和盐度的特征,我们认为社垌脉状钨钼矿床成矿流体的演化经历了早期岩浆流体与晚期大气降水逐渐混合的过程,流体混合作用可能是引起矿石沉淀的主要因素,而宝山斑岩型铜矿床的成矿流体演化可能是早期岩浆结晶分异的中-高温、中-高盐度初始成矿流体,晚期又分异为高温、低盐度流体和高温、高盐度流体,流体沸腾和相分离作用对Cu金属元素的运移和沉淀起着重要的作用。     

新疆阿尔泰萨热阔布-铁木尔特地区两类矿化及成因

新疆阿尔泰南缘萨热阔布-铁木尔特一带的矿床均赋存于下泥盆统康布铁堡组的变质岩系中。早泥盆世的海相火山形成了Zn--Pb ( Cu) 矿化,晚泥盆世--早石炭世的碰撞造山相应形成了Cu--Au 石英脉矿化; 前者以铁木尔特VMS 型Zn--Pb ( Cu) 矿床为代表,后者以造山型萨热阔布金矿为代表,与造山有关的脉状矿化还叠加在铁木尔特等VMS 矿床中。通过对比两类矿化的稳定同位素特征,结合矿化的变形变质和流体包裹体特征,研究了成矿物质、成矿流体来源和矿床成因。萨热阔布金矿主成矿阶段硫化物石英脉和铁木尔特Zn--Pb ( Cu) 矿床中晚期发育的含黄铜矿石英脉中均富含碳质 ( CO2--CH4--N2 ) 流体包裹体,可能与碰撞造山的热液流体作用有关。铁木尔特Zn--Pb ( Cu) 矿床中代表VMS 期的浸染状矿石中硫化物δ34S 为－26. 46 × 10-3 ～ －19. 72 × 10 -3,硫主要来源于海水硫酸盐的无机还原和细菌还原作用; 而代表后期叠加改造的脉状矿化硫化物值与萨热阔布金矿床硫化物石英脉中δ34S 值接近,硫主要来源于造山过程中的深源流体。萨热阔布金矿床硫化物石英脉和铁木尔特Zn-- Pb ( Cu) 矿床晚期含黄铜矿石英脉的δDH2O 值和δ18OH2O 值,均反映了碰撞造山期热液与岩浆活动和变质作用有关。萨热阔布金矿硫化物石英脉中碳质流体包裹体CO2 体系中δ13 C 为－ 21. 15 × 10-3 ～ －7. 51 × 10 -3,CH4 体系的δ13C 为－34. 11 × 10 -3 ～ －28. 38 × 10-3 ; 铁木尔特Zn--Pb ( Cu) 矿床含黄铜矿石英脉中碳质包裹体测得的δ13C 为－8. 02 × 10 -3 ～ －6. 99 × 10 -3,δ13 C 特征与海相火山沉积无关,具岩浆源或深部源的特点。     

赣中良山钼矿床流体包裹体特征及其地质意义

良山钼矿是近年来赣中地区新发现的钼矿,浅部矿体主要赋存于南华系浅变质岩系的构造裂隙中,矿石类型以含辉钼矿石英脉为主。流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温结果表明：含辉钼矿石英脉中的流体包裹体主要呈星散状随机或成群分布,其形态多样,大小集中在2~15 μm,包裹体的类型主要有纯液相包裹体、富气相两相包裹体、富液相两相包裹体和含液体CO₂三相包裹体4类,其中以富液相两相包裹体最为发育;包裹体的均一温度为136~298 ℃,盐度为1.22%~10.11%NaCleqv,密度为0.78~0.99 g/cm3,成矿流体属中-低温、低盐度、较低密度流体;成矿压力估算为13~70 MPa,形成深度为0.5~2.6 km。流体包裹体激光拉曼光谱分析表明：包裹体中气液相成分以H₂O为主,气相中还有少量的CO₂和CO。H、O、S同位素组成显示：成矿流体的δD值介于-61‰~-57.9‰,δ¹⁸OH₂O值介于-3.32‰~-0.52‰,具有岩浆水和大气降水混合的特征;成矿热液中的δ³⁴S值介于-1.8‰~+1.9‰,具有岩浆硫的特征。综合成矿地质特征及相关分析,认为成矿流体可能与燕山期的岩浆活动有关,属于岩浆热液流体,混合作用及钾化作用是促进金属富集沉淀成矿的主要因素,推测矿床属于岩浆热液充填石英脉型钼矿。     

达亚纳石英脉型钨钼矿床流体包裹体特征

达亚纳钨钼矿床是近年来内蒙古东乌旗-嫩江成矿带西南端的一个中小型石英脉型钨钼矿床。通过对主成矿阶段石英脉中的流体包裹体进行了显微测温研究表明,其流体包裹体主要类型有NaCl-H_2O型、CO_2-H_2O型和含子晶包裹体;显微测温实验结果表明成矿流体主要表现为中-高温,中-低盐度特征。对流体包裹体的分析发现成矿具有多期次,脉动式热液充填成矿特点,可将成矿热液划分为五期热液活动,前三期为成矿期热液活动,后两期为成矿后热液活动。达亚纳钨钼矿成矿机制为流体混合沉淀成矿。     

达亚纳石英脉型钨钼矿床流体包裹体特征

达亚纳钨钼矿床是近年来内蒙古东乌旗-嫩江成矿带西南端的一个中小型石英脉型钨钼矿床。通过对主成矿阶段石英脉中的流体包裹体进行了显微测温研究表明,其流体包裹体主要类型有NaCl-H_2O型、CO_2-H_2O型和含子晶包裹体;显微测温实验结果表明成矿流体主要表现为中-高温,中-低盐度特征。对流体包裹体的分析发现成矿具有多期次,脉动式热液充填成矿特点,可将成矿热液划分为五期热液活动,前三期为成矿期热液活动,后两期为成矿后热液活动。达亚纳钨钼矿成矿机制为流体混合沉淀成矿。     

甘肃合作早子沟金矿床流体包裹体及硫铅同位素特征

早子沟金矿床是西秦岭西段近年来发现的大型金矿床之一。矿床产于中三叠世古浪堤组中,矿体产出与中酸性岩脉关系密切;矿体受断裂控制,呈脉状、条带状,少数似层状产出。含金石英脉可分为两个成矿期次,分别为含金粗粒石英脉期和多金属硫化物-金石英期;金属硫化物主要为辉锑矿、黄铁矿、毒砂等。辉锑矿石英脉型金矿石中流体包裹体主要为富液相的气液两相流体包裹体,均一温度为129.8 ~324.3 ℃,平均为203.2 ℃,盐度（w（NaCl））为1.22%~10.73%,平均为6.04%,成矿流体的密度平均为0.90 g/cm³,矿床的成矿平均深度约为2.00 km;阴阳离子分析结果表明,流体包裹体液相成分主要为Na⁺-SO₄^2--Cl^-,单个流体包裹体激光拉曼显示流体包裹体中的气相成分主要为H₂O、CO₂和SO₂,个别样品显示有CO和CH₄,成矿流体为NaCl-H₂O-CO₂体系。流体包裹体研究揭示了早子沟金矿床辉锑矿-金成矿阶段的成矿流体为浅成中低温低盐度低密度流体,主要为岩浆水与地下水的混合热液,不同性质流体的混合作用和它们的沸腾作用是使金沉淀的重要因素。矿石中辉锑矿硫同位素组成很稳定,δ³⁴S_V-CDT值为-10.30‰~-8.10‰,平均为-9.33‰,表明硫主要为岩浆热液来源,并混有地层硫。矿石铅同位素组成显示²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为18.166~19.027,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为15.608~15.741,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为38.249~39.275,矿石铅同位素组成为壳幔混合成因铅。根据早子沟金矿床特征,结合成矿流体性质及来源、成矿物质来源研究成果,推测甘肃早子沟金矿床应为岩浆期后低温热液金矿床。     

福建紫金山金铜矿明矾石的流体包裹体特征

福建紫金山金铜矿位于紫金山矿田中部,受火山机构控制,其矿化特征是脉状隐爆角砾岩发育及蚀变分带明显且严格控制相应的矿化。以隐爆角砾岩脉为中心,从内向外,从上到下,依次为硅化带、明矾石化带、地开石化带、绢英岩化带。硅化带控制着上部金矿体,明矾石化带控制着下部高硫化型铜矿体。明矾石可分为4种产出类型,分别为蚀变岩型明矾石、与铜-硫化物共生的明矾石、脉状明矾石和粉末状明矾石。流体包裹体显微测温结果表明：(1)明矾石中的流体包裹体主要为气-液两相包裹体,流体属于NaCl-H₂O体系;(2)成矿流体密度为0.5～1 g/cm³,均一温度集中在200～360 ℃,盐度小于20%,属于中低温、中低盐度体系;(3)从蚀变岩型、与铜-硫化物共生型、脉状明矾石到粉末状明矾石,其包裹体均一温度、盐度有逐渐降低的趋势;(4)成矿压力多集中在40×10⁵～160×10⁵ Pa,估算其深度为500～1 600 m;(5)成矿流体以岩浆水为主,后期有大气降水的加入,成矿过程中发生过沸腾和不混溶作用。     

石英脉型钼矿地质和地球化学特征研究现状综述

石英脉型钼矿床作为钼矿资源的一种主要工业类型,对于钼资源的开发具有重要意义,因此,其地质、地球化学特征及其成矿机制也引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。本文通过整理和分析国内主要石英脉型钼矿的矿床地质、矿区花岗岩的地球化学特征,以及相关成矿地球化学资料,发现石英脉型钼矿床具有如下地质和地球化学特征：产于断裂构造发育的地区,断裂为主要的控矿空间;矿区常发育花岗岩体,与成矿具有密切的空间和时间关系;矿体呈脉状,由石英脉和其两侧的蚀变围岩组成,其中主要矿物组合为辉钼矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、钾长石和石英;与成矿有关的花岗岩地球化学特征显示矿床主要形成于后碰撞伸展构造环境,岩浆源区为下地壳,并且有少量幔源物质的加入;流体包裹体数据显示,成矿流体具有中低温（160 ℃～375 ℃）、中低盐度（4%～28%）的特点;成矿流体的δ¹⁸O值为-7.3‰～4.8‰、δD值为-129‰～-50‰,表现为岩浆水和大气降水混合成因;成矿热液的总δ³⁴S值为1.1‰～8.8‰,指示成矿体系中的硫来源于岩浆,并受地层硫的不同程度影响。     

广西油麻坡钨钼矿床地球化学特征及成因探讨

文章总结了广西油麻坡钨钼矿床地质特征,将矿床的矿化类型大致划分为矽卡岩型白钨矿和石英脉型辉钼矿,两者是同一含矿热液不同阶段演化的产物,前者主要产在接触带的矽卡岩中,后者的产出不受岩性控制,多以网脉状充填在围岩裂隙中,并可见少量石英脉型辉钼矿体叠加在早期形成的矽卡岩型白钨矿体之上。本次研究对代表性钨钼矿石样品进行了C、H、O、S同位素测定,并对石英脉型辉钼矿矿石内的石英进行了包裹体的测定,结合油麻坡花岗闪长斑岩体的岩石学、矿物学及地球化学特征,认为成矿流体及矿质起初主要来源于斑岩体,在岩体上侵过程中,可能萃取了部分古生代地层中的成矿物质,热液演化后期伴随有大气降水的加入,使得成矿流体具有混源特征,流体体现为岩浆期后中高温_低盐度体系。     

The Ore-forming Fluid of the Gold Deposits of Muru Gold Belt in Eastern Shandong, China - a Case Study of Denggezhuang Gold Deposit

Abstract. Denggezhuang gold deposit is an epithermal gold‐quartz vein deposit in northern Muru gold belt, eastern Shandong, China. The deposit occurs in the NNE‐striking faults within the Mesozoic granite. The deposit consists of four major veins with a general NNE‐strike. Based on crosscutting relationships and mineral parageneses, the veins appear to have been formed during the same mineralization epochs, and are further divided into three stages: (1) massive barren quartz veins; (2) quartz‐sulfides veins; (3) late, pure quartz or calcite veinlets. Most gold mineralization is associated with the second stage. The early stage is characterized by quartz, and small amounts of ore minerals (pyrite), the second stage is characterized by large amounts of ore minerals. Fluid inclusions in vein quartz contain C‐H‐O fluids of variable compositions. Three main types of fluid inclusions are recognized at room temperature: type I, two‐phase, aqueous vapor and an aqueous liquid phase (L+V); type II, aqueous‐carbonic inclusions, a CC₂‐liquid with/without vapor and aqueous liquid (LCO₂+VCC₂+Laq.); type III, mono‐phase aqueous liquid (Laq.). Data from fluid inclusion distribution, microthermometry, and gas analysis indicate that fluids associated with Au mineralized quartz veins (stage 2) have moderate salinity ranging from 1.91 to 16.43 wt% NaCl equivalent (modeled salinity around 8–10 wt% NaCl equiv.). These veins formatted at temperatures from 80d? to 280d?C. Fluids associated with barren quartz veins (stage 3) have a low salinity of about 1.91 to 2.57 wt% NaCl equivalent and lower temperature. There is evidence of fluid immiscibility and boiling in ore‐forming stages. Stable isotope analyses of quartz indicate that the veins were deposited by waters with δ^O and δD values ranging from those of magmatic water to typical meteoric water. The gold metallogenesis of Muru gold belt has no relationship with the granite, and formed during the late stage of the crust thinning of North China.     

山东邹平火山岩地区铜矿床成矿流体的形成、演化及成矿

邹平地区与火山岩浆热液作用有关的铜矿床主要可划分为2种类型：一类为斑岩-火山角砾岩型,另一类为浅成低温热液型;代表性矿床分别为王家庄斑岩一火山角砾岩型铜（钼）矿床和南洞子浅成低温热液型铜（金）矿床。流体包裹体研究表明：王家庄铜（钼）矿床成矿流体的均一化温度和盐度偏高,出现了富气相的两相水溶液包裹体、富液相的两相水溶液包裹体和含子晶的三相水溶液包裹体共存现象,加温后,富气相包裹体均一到气相,同期富液相包裹体均一到液相的特征,这表明成矿流体在形成和演化过程中曾发生过沸腾作用。南洞子铜（金）矿床成矿流体均一温度和盐度偏低,以上3种包裹体共存的现象不明显,说明成矿流体在形成和演化过程中沸腾作用不强。上述2类矿床矿化脉石英中的δ^18OH2O-δD投影点飘离岩浆水范围,参照流体包裹体研究结果,证明邹平地区与火山岩浆热8液作用有关的铜矿成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水,后期混人大气降水。相比之下,浅成低温热液铜矿成矿流体中的大气降水混入量多。     

Mineralization and fluid evolution of the Jiyuan polymetallic Cu–Ag–Pb–Zn–Au deposit,eastern Tianshan,NW China

The newly discovered Jiyuan Cu–Ag–(Pb–Zn–Au) deposit is located in the southern section of the eastern Tianshan orogenic belt, Xinjiang, northwestern China. It is the first documented deposit in the large Aqikekuduke Ag–Cu–Au belt in the eastern Tianshan orogen. Detailed field observations, parageneses, and fluid inclusion studies suggest an epithermal ore genesis for the main Cu–Ag mineralization, accompanied by a complicated hydrothermal alteration history most likely associated with the multi-stage tectonic evolution of the eastern Tianshan. The Jiyuan Cu–Ag ore bodies are located along the EW-striking, south-dipping Aqikekuduke fault and are hosted by Precambrian marble and intercalated siliceous rocks. Early-stage skarn alteration occurred along the contact zone between the marble layers and Early Carboniferous diorite–granodiorite and monzogranite intrusions; the skarns are characterized by diopside–tremolite–andradite–pyrite–(magnetite) assemblages. Local REE-enriched synchysite–rutile–arsenopyrite–(clinochlorite–microcline–albite) assemblages are related to K–Na alteration associated with the monzogranite intrusions and formed under conditions of high temperature (310°C) and high salinity (19.9 wt.% NaCl). Subsequent hydrothermal alteration produced a series of quartz and calcite veins that precipitated from medium- to low-temperature saline fluids. These include early ‘smoky’ quartz veins (190°C; 3.0 wt.% NaCl) that are commonly barren, coarse-grained Cu–Ag mineralized quartz veins (210°C; 2.4 wt.% NaCl), and late-stage unmineralized calcite veins (140°C; 1.1 wt.% NaCl). Tremolite and Ca-rich scapolite veins formed at an interval between early and mineralized quartz veins, indicating a high-temperature, high-salinity (>500°C; 9.5 wt.% NaCl) Ca alteration stage. Fluid mixing may have played an important role during Cu–Ag mineralization and an external low-temperature Ca-rich fluid is inferred to have evolved in the ore-forming system. The Jiyuan auriferous quartz veins possess fluid characteristics distinct from those of the Cu–Ag mineralized quartz veins. CO₂-rich fluid inclusions, fluid boiling, and mixing all demonstrate that these auriferous quartz veins acted as hosts for the orogenic-type gold mineralization, a common feature in the Tianshan orogenic belt.     

辽宁东五家子金矿矿脉含矿性评价标志研究

辽宁东五家子金矿的矿脉由蚀变岩和石英脉透镜体构成,可采矿体均为硫化物石英脉型.工业矿脉中,石英为烟灰色,发育他形、半自形的细粒黄铁矿等硫化物,有较大规模的矿体.矿化脉中,石英为乳白色,发育粗粒、自形的浅色黄铁矿,无可采矿体.在工业矿脉、次要矿脉、矿化脉的蚀变岩和石英脉样品中,Au,Hg与其他元素的相关性有明显区别.用石英脉样品的As-Ni-Ba图解和蚀变岩样品的Au-Ag-Ba图解预测,矿区外围的西沟1号脉和西沟3号脉属于工业矿脉.     

新疆若羌县柯可•卡尔德钨锡矿床地质特征与流体包裹体研究

地处东、西昆仑与阿尔金构造带结合处的白干湖是近年在我国西北地区勘查发现的一处具超大型远景规模的钨锡矿田,包括柯可卡尔德、白干湖、巴什尔希和阿瓦尔四个矿床。其中,柯可卡尔德钨锡矿勘查程度最高、规模最大,野外调查发现其含矿石英脉体有沿走向扭动、雁列式排列、产状低缓等特征,热液活动则可明显分为成矿前、成矿期和成矿后三期作用。该矿床流体包裹体主要有汽液两相、含子盐汽液三相、单一液相(包括纯水和纯 CO2型)、含 CO2汽液三相、同时含CO2和子盐汽液四相等5种类型,成矿前石英以前两种包裹体为主,亦有少量含 CO2汽液三相型;成矿期可分为早、晚两个阶段,早阶段是钨锡的主成矿阶段,包含五种类型包裹体,晚阶段表现为弱的硫化物矿化,主要为汽液两相型;成矿后石英包裹体主要为汽液两相型。显微测温与激光拉曼探针分析表明成矿流体主要成分为 H2O和 CO2,气相含少量 CH4和 N2;氢、氧同位素研究结果显示三期流体分别主要为变质热液、岩浆热液和大气降水。该矿床系中高温、中低盐度的岩浆热液矿床,流体经历了不混溶作用和混合作用,这可能是促使矿质沉淀的主要因素。     

印度尼西亚索林帕萨铜多金属矿成矿流体地球化学和矿床成因

文章对印度尼西亚索林帕萨铜多金属矿含矿石英脉流体包裹体进行了显微测温与氢氧同位素测定,发现石英脉中含有3种类型的流体包裹体:A.纯液相水溶液包裹体;B.富液相气液两相水溶液包裹体和C.富气相气液两相水溶液包裹体,其中以B类为主.三种流体包裹体同时出现,表明石英脉形成时流体可能发生过沸腾作用.成矿流体均一温度为198.9℃～356.4℃,冰点温度为-0.6℃～-2.3℃,相应流体盐度变化范围为0.94%～3.76%NaCleq..质谱测定显示成矿流体的氢氧同位素组成分别为占δDH2O=-61.0‰～-81.0‰,δ18OH2O=-3.08‰～0.17‰,表明成矿流体主要为大气降水,不排除有少量岩浆水加入.根据成矿流体地球化学与围岩蚀变类型,初步推断该矿属于酸性-硫酸盐(高硫)型的浅成低温多金属矿床,沸腾作用是成矿物质沉淀的主要因素.     

New Data on the Age of Gold Mineralization in the Southeastern Part of Eastern Sayan

This article presents new data on the age of the largest gold deposits in the southeastern part of Eastern Sayan. The dates have been obtained by Ar–Ar analysis of micas occurring in gold-bearing quartz veins and mineralized zones. The obtained Ar–Ar ages of fuchsite and sericite from the tectonized and mineralized zones of the Zun–Holba deposit (ore body Severnoye-3), range within 353.9–386.4 Ma; a similar result of 352.9 Ma was yielded by Ar–Ar dating of Cr–muscovite from mylonitized listvenite in the veins of the periphery of the Zun–Ospa gold deposit. However, muscovite from the ore-bearing quartz vein of the Pioneer gold–quartz deposit, located near Zun–Holba, has been dated to 421.9 Ma. The obtained new data on isotopic age of the gold–quartz ores and gold–sulphide–quartz deposits allow recognition of the Early Palaeozoic accretion–collision and the Late Palaeozoic shearing stages of formation of gold mineralization in the SE Eastern Sayan.     

桂西巴马料屯金矿床成矿年代上限的确定——对滇黔桂“金三角”卡林型金矿年代学研究的启示

广西巴马料屯金矿床是较为典型的卡林型金矿床,金矿体与燕山晚期石英斑岩脉空间上相关。矿床勘查成果和野外露头观察均表明石英斑岩脉切割金矿体,说明岩浆岩形成于矿体之后。成矿元素地球化学测量结果表明,Au、As元素沿石英斑岩脉走向出现明显的分异,表现为在导矿和容矿断层区段Au、As质量分数高,局部形成矿（化）体;远离矿体的砂泥岩和灰岩围岩地段,则逐渐降低至正常背景值,说明石英斑岩侵位过程中切割早期的矿体或含矿断层,萃取了矿（化）体中成矿元素Au、As,从而在这些断层之间形成一定宽度的高值带。成矿元素地球化学测量支持岩浆岩形成于矿体之后的结论。石英斑岩脉白云母斑晶的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar坪年龄为（95.5±0.7） Ma,代表了岩浆侵位年龄,由于岩脉形成于矿体之后,此年龄可以作为成矿年代的上限年龄。本矿床及滇黔桂"金三角"其他卡林型金矿的确切成矿年代,尚需更多高精度直接成矿年龄数据的约束。     

Geology and geothermometry of vein-type W-Sn deposits at Pennaichaung and Yetkanzintaung Prospects,Tavoy Township,Tennasserim Division,southern Burma

The Pennaichaung and Yetkanzintaung W-Sn Prospects are located in Tavoy Township, Tennasserim Division, southern Burma. The W-Sn mineralization at the Pennaichaung is closely related with a small, satellitic granitoid pluton of presumably Late Mesozoic age, which intruded the metaclastic rocks of Mergui Group (mostly Carboniferous). The mineralized quartz veins at the Pennaichaung penetrated the granitoid-metasedimentary rocks contact. In contrary to the Pennaichaung deposit, the W-Sn veins at the Yetkanzintaung are exclusively in the metasedimentary rocks of slates and quartzites of Margui Group. Mineralized quartz veins in the Pennaichaung area trend NNE-SSW, NW-SE and NE-SW with a maximum thickness of 30 cm, but only quartz veins trending NNE-SSW are found to be productive and contained economically workable wolframite and cassiterite. Majority of the mineralized quartz veins in the Yetkanzintaung area trend approximately N-S with easterly dip of 50°–70°. The thickness of the ore veins in the Yetkanzintaung area are thinner than those of the Pennaichaung and range from 1 cm to 20 cm with an average width of 5 cm. Fluid inclusion studies of the quartz from the ore veins cutting the granitoid in the Pennaichaung area have yielded a filling temperature range of 170°–270°C with a maximum mode of 220°C, while quartz crystals from the ore veins in the nearby metasedimentary rocks gave a filling temperature range of 140°–220°C with a maximum mode of 160°C. Hence, the Pennaichaung deposit was thought to have emplaced under a filling temperature range of 140°–270°C. A similar low filling temperature range was recorded for the Yetkanzintaung deposit. Quartz from the Yetkanzintaung ore veins have yielded filling temperatures of 200°–240°C, whereas the fluorites associated with the mineralized quartz veins gave a temperature range of 140°–160°C. Limited freezing runs indicate a salinity of less than 5 NaCl equivalent weight percent for inclusions in quartz from both orebodies. No fluid inclusion evidence of boiling of ore fluids nor presence of liquid CO₂ was observed in this study. Thus, the ore fluids responsible for the W-Sn mineralization at the Pennaichaung and Yetkanzintaung areas were of low temperature, diluted, CO₂-deficient, NaCl brines.     

Geology and Metallogenesis of the Sawayaerdun Gold Deposit in the Southwestern Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China

The Sawayaerdun gold deposit, located in Wuqia County, Southwest Tianshan, China, occurs in Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian low‐grade metamorphic carbonaceous turbidites. The orebodies are controlled by a series of NE‐NNE‐trending, brittle–ductile shear zones. Twenty‐four gold mineralized zones have been recognized in the Sawayaerdun ore deposit. Among these, the up to 4‐km‐long and 200‐m wide No. IV mineralized zone is economically the most important. The average gold grade is 1–6 g/t. Gold reserves of the Sawayaerdun deposit have been identified at approximately 37 tonnes and an inferred resource of 123 tonnes. Hydrothermal alteration is characterized by silicification, pyritization, arsenopyritization, sericitization, carbonatization and chloritization. On the basis of field evidence and petrographic analysis, five stages of vein emplacement and hydrothermal mineralization can be distinguished: stage 1, early quartz stage, characterized by the occurrence of quartz veins; stage 2, arsenopyrite–pyrite–quartz stage, characterized by the formation of auriferous quartz veinlets and stockworks; stage 3, polymetallic sulfide quartz stage, characterized by the presence of auriferous polymetallic sulfide quartz veinlets and stockworks; stage 4, antimony–quartz stage, characterized by the formation of stibnite–jamesonite quartz veins; and stage 5, quartz–carbonate vein stage. Stages 2 and 3 represent the main gold mineralization, with stage 4 representing a major antimony mineralization episode in the Sawayaerdun deposit. Two types of fluid inclusion, namely H₂O–NaCl and H₂O–CO₂–NaCl types, have been recognized in quartz and calcite. Aqueous inclusions show a wide range of homogenization temperatures from 125 to 340°C, and can be correlated with the mineralization stage during which the inclusions formed. Similarly, salinities and densities of these fluids range for each stage of mineralization from 2.57 to 22 equivalent wt% NaCl and 0.76 to 1.05 g/cm³, respectively. The ore‐forming fluids thus are representative of a medium‐ to low‐temperature, low‐ to medium‐salinity H₂O–NaCl–CO₂–CH₄–N₂ system. The δ³⁴S_CDT values of sulfides associated with mineralization fall into a narrow range of ?3.0 to +2.6‰ with a mean of +0.1‰. The δ¹³C_PDB values of dolomite and siderite from the Sawayaerdun gold deposit range from ?5.4 to ?0.6‰, possibly reflecting derivation of the carbonate carbon from a mixed magmatic/sedimentary source. Changes in physico‐chemical conditions and composition of the hydrothermal fluids, water–rock exchange and immiscibility of hydrothermal fluids are inferred to have played important roles in the ore‐forming process of the Sawayaerdun gold–antimony deposit.