巯基有机硅烷嫁接高岭石对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究

由于重金属镉离子的吸附性能较差、毒性大,因此,寻找镉离子的高效吸附材料具有重要现实意义。本文开展巯基硅烷对高岭石的嫁接改性研究,经红外光谱测试证实,成功将巯基引入到高岭石表面。同时,硅烷改性对高岭石晶体结构没有产生影响。通过批量实验考察了高岭石和巯基硅烷改性高岭石(K-SH)对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附特征,主要探讨了p H值、时间对吸附效率的影响。矿物对Cd2+的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,吸附等温方程更符合Langmuir模型,并估算的K-SH的最大吸附量是4.375 mg/g,比高岭石的大近20倍。改性高岭石表面嫁接了巯基后,可为高岭石吸附Cd(Ⅱ)提供大量的新吸附位点,通过配位复合作用显著提高对镉离子的吸附固定能力。因此,巯基硅烷改性高岭石是一种有应用前景的土壤修复材料。     

导数-原子捕集联用火焰原子吸收法测定粉煤灰中镉

研究并提出了将测定信号变化率的导数技术和浓缩待测原子的原子捕集技术与火焰原子吸收相联用于测定痕量镉的新技术。通过测定标准粉煤灰GBW08401和82201中痕量镉含量验证了该技术的可行性。与常规法相比，新方法的灵敏度和检出限可分别改善2～3个数量级和1～2个数量级(1～3分钟捕集条件下)。10次测定的相对偏差为6．26％～7．23％，回收率可达95％～104％。研究表明．此技术可成功地测定粉煤灰中的痕量镉。     

天然磁铁矿处理含Hg（Ⅱ）废水实验研究

利用重金属离子可在水合金属氧化物和氢氧化物矿物表面产生吸陵作用的原理，进行了天然磁铁矿处理含Hg(Ⅱ）废水的实验研究，结果表明：当温度为25℃，吸附平衡时间为60分钟、试样用量为20g/L，试样粒径为200目以下、pH值为6.40，离子强度为零时，Hg(Ⅱ）初始浓度为1.12mg/L的溶液的吸附率可达98%，使废水中Hg(Ⅱ）的浓度达到国家排放标准。pH值、离子强度、粒径、试样用量、废水浓度、温度、时间均对Hg(Ⅱ）的吸附率有一定的影响，其中pH值的影响最大，Hg(Ⅱ）在天然磁铁矿上的吸附等温曲线不同于Langmuir和Freundlich等温曲线，而是表现为台阶段，符合分级离子/配位子交换等温曲线。     

大洋锰结核氨浸渣脱硫产物处理含镉废水的研究

研究了大洋锰结核氨浸渣脱硫产物去除废水中镉离子的多种影响因素,如接触时间、脱硫产物粒径、溶液pH值、初始镉离子浓度和吸附剂量。并利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、场扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对材料和产物进行了表征。结果表明减小脱硫产物粒径、增大吸附剂量等有利于提高去除效果;大洋锰结核氨浸渣脱硫产物去除水中镉离子是基于离子交换反应的原理:MnS+Cd2+→CdS+Mn2+。     

用双硫腙－泡沫塑料反相色层萃取原子吸收法测定废水中的微量银

本文研究了双硫腙负载的聚氨酯泡沫塑料对水溶液中银离子的反相色层萃取行为，试验了Ｐｈ，流速、洗脱液及洗脱方法的影响。回收率试验表明，该法能定量捕集废水中银离子，结果令人满意。     

吹扫捕集/气相色谱-质谱法测定地下水中30种挥发性有机物

在测定地下水中有机污染物时,捕集阱的填料对分析结果有很大的影响.本文采用吹扫捕集/气相色谱-质谱联用技术,建立了适用于地下水中卤代烃、氯代苯、苯系物等30种挥发性有机污染物的分析方法.对11#捕集阱( VOCARB3000)和10#捕集阱(Tenax/硅胶/碳分子筛)进行比较实验和捕集阱的填料进行选择优化,结果表明,以氮气为吹扫气,11#捕集阱的检出限比10#捕集阱的检出限低,富集效率和响应值更高,更适合分析低含量的地下水样品;Rtx - 502.2毛细柱(60 m×0.32 mm×1.8 μm)对目标组分有更好的分离效果,且柱流失小、色谱峰响应高;利用选择离子扫描方式对目标物进行扫描,采用内标法定量,提高了方法灵敏度,消除了组分的干扰以及整个分析过程中存在的系统误差.方法检出限为0.031 ～0.059 μg/L,精密度(RSD)为1.02％ ～5.19％(n=7),回收率为87.7％ ～118.0％(n=7),各组分相关系数均在0.9991以上.方法操作简便,对环境污染小,可满足大批量地下水中痕量挥发性有机物的分析要求.     

天然褐铁矿处理含Hg（Ⅱ）废水的实验研究

利用水合金属氧化物和氢氧化物矿物表面重金属离子发生吸附作用的原理，进行了天然褐铁矿处理含Hg(Ⅱ)废水的实验。结果表明：试样用量、粒径、废水浓度、pH值、离子强度、反应时间、振荡器转速等因素对Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附率有一定的影响，其中pH值的影响最大；Hg(Ⅱ)在天然褐铁矿上的吸附等温曲线不同于Langmuir和Fre-undlich等温线，而为台阶型，符合分级离子／配位子交换等温曲线。     

巯基改性蒙脱石对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附机理研究

蒙脱石对镉有良好的吸附性,但吸附力较弱,巯基改性蒙脱石可增强对镉的吸附,而关于蒙脱石的巯基改性及改性后对镉的吸附机理研究少见报道.本文以(3-巯丙基)三甲氧基硅烷作为改性剂,采用简单的溶液法对蒙脱石原土(简称MMT)进行巯基改性,并探讨了改性蒙脱石(简称MMT-SH)对镉的吸附机理.红外和X射线衍射表征显示MMT被成功接上巯基.吸附条件实验表明,MMT-SH对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附效果显著优于原土,对Cd(Ⅱ)的饱和吸附容量是原土的39倍;吸附容量受pH值影响大,受离子强度的影响较大;MMT-SH对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附作用除了静电吸附、离子交换吸附、羟基配位吸附,还主要存在巯基配位吸附.热力学及动力学实验表明,MMT-SH吸附Cd(Ⅱ)的反应符合Langmiur等温模型和Lagergren二级动力学方程,是易于发生的化学反应;吸附过程的热力学参数(△H、△G、AS)表明此吸附是一个自发的吸热过程.     

导数-原子捕集联用火焰原子吸收法测定粉煤灰中镉

研究并提出了将测定信号变化率的导数技术和浓缩待测原子的原子捕集技术与火焰原子吸收相联用于测定痕量镉的新技术.通过测定标准粉煤灰GBW08401和82201中痕量镉含量验证了该技术的可行性.与常规法相比,新方法的灵敏度和检出限可分别改善2～3个数量级和1～2个数量级(1～3分钟捕集条件下).10次测定的相对偏差为6.26%～7.23%,回收率可达95%～104%.研究表明,此技术可成功地测定粉煤灰中的痕量镉.     

日照市生态地球化学环境对绿茶品质的影响

通过对日照市绿茶产区地质、地球化学环境的系统分析,认为地形、地貌、土壤理化性质和元素含量等对茶叶的品质具有重要影响。土壤元素全量与茶叶的相关性并不好,但其有效含量的丰缺情况对茶叶品质有较大影响,当土壤中速效N、SiO2含量较高时,茶叶中游离氨基酸、咖啡碱、总灰分含量也会比较高,茶叶品质相对较好;当土壤pH值及Ca、Mg有效含量较高时,茶叶中游离氨基酸、咖啡碱、总灰分、黄酮的含量反而会较低,从而降低茶叶的生化品质。该研究成果为日照绿茶产地规划与南茶北引提供了科学依据。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861