基于GIS城市规划综合环境质量评价的研究

城市环境受自然因素和社会因素的相互作用愈来愈强烈。本文探讨了利用地理信息系统进行城市环境综合质量评价的技术途径。在GIS支持下,建立了城市规划环境质量评价因子数据库及评价指标体系,并确定了质量评价标准。基于GIS的城市规划综合环境质量评价是进行城市规划评估的一种有效方法,GIS技术为环境质量评价在不同模型条件下提供了有效的技术支持,改善了评价的效率及精度,将城市总体规划的布局及城市规划的三大效益(经济效益、环境效益和社会效益)联系起来,并在此基础上进行最终的决策评估。     

基于GIS和区间直觉模糊集的铁路线网规划评价

为了综合全面地反映城市群高速铁路规划线网的总体性能,评价比选出最优规划方案,针对复杂多因素约束条件下评价指标信息的非“二分法”特性,本文在GIS技术支持下,尝试提出了基于区间直觉模糊集的城市群高速铁路线网评价模型。该模型从区间直觉模糊数的几何意义出发,基于熵值最大化原理,求出指标的权重,获得不同决策者对各个方案的评价值。最后,综合不同决策者意见得出各个方案的最终评价值。以辽中南城市群高速铁路线网规划评价为例,进行了基于区间直觉模糊集的城市群高速铁路线网方案评价。分析表明提出的方法能够描述决策者判断过程中的犹豫程度,可以更细腻、更全面地描述评价指标的自然属性,从而使评价结果更符合客观实际情况。     

基于多层次模糊综合评判的GIS质量综合评价

本文用模糊数学中的多层次模糊综合评判原理对GIS质量进行评价。结果表明模糊综合评价方法不仅能够比较全面地考虑各种因素的影响及其相互作用,实现对GIS质量的合理、定量分析,并能在一定程度上反映出影响GIS质量的关键因素,为进一步提高GIS质量提供决策依据,而且该方法使用简单,结果具有科学性和合理性。本文首次提出用多层次模糊综合评判的方法对GIS质量进行评价,并且把对GIS质量评价进行量化处理。     

城市大气环境质量的超标加权评价方法

根据大气环境中３种主要污染的监测数据，采用超标加权方法，利用灰色决策模型进行综合评价。参与评价的信息量大，为城市环境质量综合评价提供了一种新的方法。     

城市大气环境质量的超标加权评价方法

根据大气环境中３种主要污染的监测数据，采用超标加权方法，利用灰色决策模型进行综合评价。参与评价的信息量大，为城市环境质量综合评价提供了一种新的方法。     

基于混合熵模型的遥感分类不确定性的多尺度评价方法研究

不确定性是影响遥感图像分类质量的最主要因素,针对在遥感图像分类过程中同时存在随机不确定性和模糊不确定性的特点,提出基于混合熵模型来综合测度这两种不确定性的方法,并建立起多尺度的评价指标.在分析混合熵模型基本原理的基础之上,提出利用特征空间的和模糊分类器的统计数据来建立信息熵、模糊熵以及混合熵的方法.同时,在像元和类别尺度上,分别建立像元混合熵和类别混合熵的指标对分类不确定性进行评价.最后,应用湖北省黄石市的遥感影像对上述评价方法进行验证分析,实验结果表明,混合熵模型能有效地反映分类过程中随机不确定性和模糊不确定性的综合影响,并从不同尺度反映出遥感影像分类的质量问题.     

基于TOPSIS算法的基本农田划定关键技术

为了使基本农田划定更加科学合理,减少人为干扰,提出针对山地丘陵地区基本农田划定的方法。从农用地等级质量、环境条件以及政策方针等几个大的方面考虑,建立永久性基本农田评价指标体系。根据层次分析法确定的权重,对每个图斑的各个评价指标进行标准化处理,得出综合评价值,最后借用TOPSIS算法,对图斑进行排序,确定基本农田的保护范围。研究表明,GIS空间分析等技术在基本农田划定过程中,起到关键性作用,划定的结果基本符合实际的工作要求,减少了主观因素的干扰,保证了结果的客观科学性。这种划分方法,在山地丘陵环境下同样可以取得很好的效果。     

基于层次分析法的制图综合相似性评价模型研究

在制图综合中,保持综合前后实体的相似性是保证制图综合质量的重要方法。一般通过建立多相似性指标的相似性评价模型来评价制图综合的质量。然而,各指标权重的分配是依据对各个相似性度量指标的重视程度,具有主观随意性,因此有必要提高相似性指标权重的科学性。基于此,本文提出了尺度差、制图综合算法、制图区域地理特点和地图用途4个因素,利用层次分析法,更加科学有据地对指标权重进行了赋值,最后用实验验证了所赋予的权重具有一定的客观性。     

小型城镇可持续发展评价模型研究

城市是社会生产力发展的产物,是人类文明的标志。可持续发展理论自诞生以后就成为各个学科研究的焦点和前沿课题,城市可持续发展的内涵是一个城市经济发展、社会进步、生态环境保护三者保持高度和谐的过程。本文针对小型城镇特点,从可持续发展的角度,设计综合评价指标体系,该项指标体系涵盖了经济、社会和环境3个维度的基础指标,总体上反映了小型城镇各方面发展状况。在此基础上,采用层次分析法(AHP)构建小型城镇的可持续发展评价模型,借以系统地评价小型城镇长时间序列的城镇发展可持续性的变化情况,并以海南省澄迈县为例进行理论验证。     

资源型城市的脆弱性综合评价研究——以抚顺市为例

从资源、生态、经济和社会分层次对矿产资源型城市(抚顺市)的城市脆弱性进行综合评价分析.通过熵权法和层次分析法计算并确定子系统的各个要素指标对城市脆弱性的影响和权重,综合分析影响城市发展和降低城市抵抗力的各项因素,为抚顺市及类同于抚顺市的城市未来发展提供更快、更直观、更详细的城市发展全面信息分析建议,从而使城市发展规划走向科学化、规范化.     

A novel spatial index using spatial analyses and hierarchical fuzzy expert system for obtaining green TOD: a case study in Tehran city

Sustainable development is a vital and challenging factor for managing urban growth smartly. This factor contains three main components, namely economic growth, ecological protection and social justice. Green Transit-Oriented Development (GTOD) is a consummate planning approach in line with those components. Implementation of GTOD in an urban area is underpinned by its quantification. Therefore, a quantitative spatial index based on several indicators related to TOD and Green urbanism concepts should be developed. In this study, Geo-spatial Information Science and hierarchical fuzzy inference system (HFIS) were employed to calculate the indicators and aggregate them, respectively. In order to showcase the feasibility of the proposed method, it was implemented in a case study area in the City of Tehran, Iran. The result of this method is an integrated spatial GTOD index, which measures the neighbourhoods’ GTOD levels. These measurements specify weaknesses and strengths of neighbourhoods’ factors. Therefore, this index helps decision-makers to plan neighbourhoods based on land use and public transit views. Additionally, the HFIS method helps decision-makers to consider criteria and indicators with their inherent uncertainties and aggregate them with much fewer rules. For evaluating the results, the developed GTOD index was assessed with municipal action planning and attraction maps. According to the outcomes of the assessment, it is concluded that the proposed method is adequately robust and efficient for smart and sustainable urban planning.     

Interference of Human Impacts in Urban Growth Modelling with Transition Rules of Cellular Automata, GIS and Multi-Temporal Satellite Imagery: A Case Study of Maraghe, Iran

Urban growth is the result of physical and human impacts. In this study Cellular Automata (CA) has been used to analyze physical suitability and human forces in urban growth modelling of Maraghe. The multi-temporal satellite imagery, physical suitability and human impacts Layers have been applied to the modelling. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the image classification methods, Fuzzy ARTMAP is compared with Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) and Minimum Distance Classification (MDC) methods. The image classification results showed an overall accuracy of 93 %. Therefore, it is employed for classification of multi-temporal satellite imagery. In order to weight physical suitability and human impacts layers or geographical transition rules in the modelling, regression analysis, the correlation coefficient, trial-and-error method and visual comparison used. The statistical methods are presented to validate neighbourhood scales in the urban growth modelling. The calibration of the model is in fact to the estimate value of the physical suitability and human impacts layer (combinatory layer of demand for urban land and the government facilities) in the modelling. The results obtained from the model calibration showed that human impacts have the highest influence in the urban growth among other factors. Also a small neighbourhood scale (25:5?×?5 cells) is more realistic in the modeling. The accuracy of final validation is 83 % and the final scenario is based on this validation. A fuzzy CA has been used in urban growth modeling of Maraghe. The final scenario shows that Maraghe will growth on the east side, where the land demand for built up area and government facilities plays the significant role.     

Valuation of socio-economic indicators for progressing urban sustainability under distinctive rubrics

The key objective of the study is to collect the factors which play an important role in the city's sustainability and implementation advantages for the development of cities in future. This article develops an urban sustainability assessment framework by giving GIS-based decision support tools to guide cities toward sustainability. Multicriteria analysis was used as the decision support system and provides an analytical framework for assessing differences in the level of criteria and ranking decision options. It has the capability for assessment of urban sustainability because it brings sustainability criteria from three pillars of sustainability, environmental, social, and economic, which provide an integrated approach for assessment of urban sustainability. The GIS-based multicriteria analysis serves as a sustainability support system that maps urban sustainability and the underlying environmental, social, and economic conditions. The results from the study show that the four cities - Faisalabad, Lahore, Gujranwala, and Multan - have better economic conditions while only Lahore and Faisalabad showed social progress and the remaining cities showed less suitability. For the environmental index, none of the cities attained high suitability. Lahore, Faisalabad, and Rawalpindi showed better conditions than Gujranwala and Multan. It is demonstrated that Punjab cities have made progress in economic condition and improvement in social condition but have poor environmental condition. In the study, the environmental dimension has indicators which have more impact on the urban sustainability. Environmental degradation is observed in all selected regions and not a single region showed suitability toward its environmental condition and due to this none of the cities gained suitable scores for urban sustainability. Consequently, urban sustainability is a multidimensional and dynamic process that needs regular evaluation and monitoring. Thus, this article contends that the tools help to highlight and emphasize those areas that need guidance in achieving urban sustainability.     

基于GIS的城市多因素模糊综合评价

本文提出了一种多因素模糊加权综合评价的模式,介绍了在地理信息系统(GIS)的支持下将城市多因素的点、线、面数据转换成相应的栅格定位数据的基本方法,并用于完成了湖北省黄石市城市用地和环境质量的定量综合评价和分析。     

GIS产品质量的熵权多层次模糊综合评价

传统多层次模糊综合评价中评价因子权重的确定通常通过专家经验法进行,该方法受专家主观因素影像较大,容易造成评价结果出现偏差。本文提出在权重的确定过程中除参考专家的主观权重外,引入熵权概念,将主观权重和熵权客观权重相结合,作为GIS产品质量评价因素的权重。本文以对DOM产品的质量评价为例,采用熵权模糊综合评价方法进行试验,试验结果表明由客观熵权值和专家主观权重相结合所确定的因子权重很好的将主观与客观因素结合起来,且评价结果客观、合理。     

遥感技术和地理信息系统在神府-东胜地区环境综合评价中的应用

简要介绍了遥感和地理信息系统在神府—东胜地区环境综合评价中的应用方法。针对这一地区的环境特点,建立了以遥感信息为基础的环境综合评价体系。该体系包括环境压力负荷、环境问题和环境潜力等3个方面的10个因子,运用层次分析法结合专家知识,实现了全部因子的权重排序。以GIS为技术支撑,对各专题进行了时空变化分析,建立环境质量综合评价模型。详细客观地评价了该区的环境质量情况.     

高分辨率影像城市绿地快速提取技术与应用

高分辨率遥感影像是城市绿地信息快速提取的主要数据源 ,文中以多尺度影像分割与面向对象影像分析方法为主要技术 ,利用样本多边形对象的成员函数建立训练区 ,自动提取大庆市城市绿地覆盖信息 ,达到清查城市绿地的目的。该方法信息获取周期短、精度高、成本低 ,实现了城市绿地信息精确获取与快速更新。     

模糊聚类分析在土地定级估价商服中心类型划分中的应用

土地定级估价中对商服中心类型的划分,在各类型间边界定义上存在不确定性,因而利用模糊聚类分析来对其进行研究是一条有效的途径.通过引入现代模糊数学的分析方法,使商服中心类型的划分结果更具可靠性.     

GIS城市区域火灾风险评估系统研究

城市区域火灾风险评估是科学地进行城市消防规划和消防力量部署的重要参考依据,本文依托改进型层次分析法-G1法和模糊综合评价法为理论基础,完成了城市区域火灾风险评估模型的构建,并应用GIS技术实现了评估模型的设计.对城市防灾、减灾的科学的、自动化的管理方式的实现提供参考.