龙胜县近50a来冬季气温变化特征分析

该文采用龙胜站1960年12月—2010年2月的逐日平均气温和最低气温资料,用一元线性回归方法对龙胜50a来年平均气温、冬季平均气温、冬季平均最低气温、冬季极端最低气温、冬季寒冷日数与冬季冷积温进行了统计分析。结果表明：50a来龙胜年平均气温、冬季平均气温、冬季平均最低气温和冬季极端最低气温都呈明显上升趋势,其中冬季极端最低气温的上升最为显著;冬季寒冷日数与冬季冷积温都呈明显下降趋势。年平均气温和冬季平均气温的年代际变化特征基本一致,20世纪90年代开始都呈明显上升趋势;冬季平均最低气温和冬季极端最低气温自20世纪60年代开始始终维持上升的年代际变化趋势;冬季寒冷日数和冬季冷积温自20世纪80年代开始始终维持下降的年代际变化趋势。特别是20世纪90年代以来,龙胜年平均气温、冬季平均气温、冬季平均最低气温和冬季极端最低气温的年代平均值都高于多年平均值,而冬季寒冷日数与冷积温的年代平均值都低于多年平均值,龙胜处于相对暖期。     

近58a南岳高山站气候变化特征分析

采用1953—2010年南岳高山站逐日气象资料,运用线性回归、突变分析和小波分析方法,对该站平均风速、气温和降水的气候变化特征进行了分析,并对与平均风速变化密切相关的气温和降水进行了年际变化特征比较.结果表明:1)年和四季平均风速均呈明显减小趋势,在20世纪90年代前后风速有由大到小的突变,年平均风速存在显著的准2 a和准4 a周期;2)年平均气温、最低气温、最高气温均呈明显升高趋势,气温存在显著的准2 a和准4 a周期,且于20世纪90年代中期前后气温有由偏低向偏高的突变;3)年降水量呈下降趋势,存在显著的准2 a和准3 a周期;4)风速与平均气温、最高气温和最低气温呈负相关关系,均通过0.01显著性检验,风速与降水的相关性没有通过显著性检验,但风速与降水的变化趋势在20世纪60年代中后期、70年代中期到21世纪初有较好的反相位变化.     

新疆近50a气温变化趋势和演变特征

利用新疆89个气象站1961～2008年的气温资料,分析了新疆近50a气温变化趋势及演变特征。结果表明:新疆各区域年平均气温呈现一致的显著上升趋势,秋、冬季的线性升温趋势最显著;夏、秋季平均气温自20世纪80年代之后呈逐年代上升趋势,尤其是进入21世纪以来增温最明显,其中春季和秋季明显高于夏季,而冬季,北疆和南疆2001～2008年比20世纪90年代气温则分别下降了0.3℃,0.5℃,天山山区则比20世纪90年代高0.3℃;年平均气温、年平均最高气温和年平均最低气温地域变化特征一致,总体表现为增温速率北部大南部小、东部西部大中部小、山区大平原小的特点。年平均最高气温自20世纪80年代呈逐年代上升趋势,而年平均气温从20世纪60年代呈逐年代上升趋势,且其增温速率远远高于年平均最高气温。     

朔州市气温和降水变化特征分析

朔州市的年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温自20世纪70年代中期以来呈上升趋势，进入90年代后，这种趋势有所加快，尤其以冬季升温最为明显。年平匀气温以0．43℃／10a的速度上升；平均最低气温升温幅度明显高于平均最高气温；年平均降水量略呈下降趋势，主要是由夏季降水减少所致。     

晋中市近50年气候变化对水资源的影响

本文根据晋中市1956年～2004年的气温、降水的变化特征以及由此引起的水资源量的变化进行了统计分析,得出:晋中市年平均气温整体呈上升趋势,平均以0.3℃/10a上升,气温偏高主要是冬季,夏季变化幅度不大;降水量的变化总体上呈减少趋势,降水量以35.9mm/10a的速度在递减,20世纪90年代是降水量减少幅度最大的一个时期;全市的水资源总量、地下水、河川径流量呈减少趋势,与降水的变化具有明显的一致性。     

十堰市近40年气温和降水变化特征分析

利用1961～2000年十堰市7个气象观测站的年平均气温、年平均最高气温、平均最低气温、年降水量资料,对十堰市近40年,尤其是近10年来的气温和降水的变化特征作了较为详细的统计分析。结果表明：十堰市年平均气温、年平均最低气温、年平均最高气温自20世纪80年代中期以来均呈上升趋势,进入90年代以后,这种趋势有所加快,其主要原因是冬季气温增高较快;年平均降水量在70年代中期以后呈下降趋势,进入90年代以后,减少趋势加快,主要是由于春、秋季降水减少较多所致。     

近40年西藏定日县气温变化特征分析

根据1971²010年西藏定日站的平均气温、最高、最低气温的逐月资料,分析了该地区近40a来气温变化特征。结果表明:近40年来定日县的年及各季节的平均气温均呈明显的上升趋势,其中,年平均气温的线性倾向率为0.394℃/10a,冬季平均气温的升温幅度最大,其次是春季和秋季,夏季的升温幅度最小。年平均最高、最低气温与年平均气温的变化趋势一致,均呈上升趋势,年平均最高气温线性倾向率为0.372℃/10a;年平均最低气温线性倾向率为0.445℃/10a,最低气温的上升速率高于最高气温。不同时段的平均气温基本上在1997年之后上升趋势非常明显,最高、最低气温在20世纪90年代以后才出现温度的上升突变。     

近54年辛集市气温及降水变化特征

根据河北省辛集气象站近54 a(1957-2010年)的月平均地面观测资料,采用气候统计学方法,分别从气温及降水的趋势变化、周期变化、突变特征等方面进行分析,总结该市近54 a气温及降水的变化特征。结果表明:1)近54 a来辛集市年平均气温、各季平均气温及极端最低气温呈显著上升趋势,四季中冬季增温趋势最明显,夏季增温幅度最弱,极端最低气温上升而极端最高气温下降,导致气温日较差减小;2)在20世纪60年代,年平均和冬季气温表现出准2~3 a的显著年际变化周期,年平均和春季气温还表现出准7 a的显著年际周期特征;3)该市年降水量近54 a来整体呈先增加后减少的变化趋势;4)年和夏秋季降水量在20世纪60年代均表现出准3~4 a的周期特征,而在春季准7 a的年际振荡贯穿始终;5)辛集市的气温变化趋势以及突变开始时间与全国、河北省以及石家庄地区近50 a气温变化基本一致,但该市的降水量变化则略有不同,降水量变化的长期趋势不显著且突变不明显,主要是由于降水量的时空变化差异性较大。     

近54 年辛集市气温及降水变化特征

根据河北省辛集气象站近54 a（1957-2010年）的月平均地面观测资料,采用气候统计学方法,分别从气温及降水的趋势变化、周期变化、突变特征等方面进行分析,总结该市近54 a气温及降水的变化特征。结果表明：1）近54 a来辛集市年平均气温、各季平均气温及极端最低气温呈显著上升趋势,四季中冬季增温趋势最明显,夏季增温幅度最弱,极端最低气温上升而极端最高气温下降,导致气温日较差减小;2）在20世纪60年代,年平均和冬季气温表现出准2～3 a的显著年际变化周期,年平均和春季气温还表现出准7 a的显著年际周期特征;3）该市年降水量近54 a来整体呈先增加后减少的变化趋势;4）年和夏秋季降水量在20世纪60年代均表现出准3～4 a的周期特征,而在春季准7 a的年际振荡贯穿始终;5）辛集市的气温变化趋势以及突变开始时间与全国、河北省以及石家庄地区近50 a气温变化基本一致,但该市的降水量变化则略有不同,降水量变化的长期趋势不显著且突变不明显,主要是由于降水量的时空变化差异性较大。     

天峨县近30a降水与气温的气候特征分析

对天峨县气象站1984-2013年降水量、年平均气温、季节降水、季节平均气温、月平均降水量、月平均气温、极端气温变化特征及不同年代降水、气温特征等进行统计分析。结果表明:天峨县近30a年际降水变化呈下降趋势,年际平均气温呈上升趋势,多年平均降水量为1339.3mm,多年平均气温为20.5℃。各季节、各月降水分布不均,气温呈明显的季节划分,夏季(6-8月)平均降水量最多,占全年平均降水量54%,冬季最少,占全年平均降水量5%,月平均降水量最高峰出现在6月;一年最热的月份是7月,极端最高气温变化不大,极端最低气温呈下降趋势。20世纪80年代中后期降水正常略少,90年代属于丰水期,进入21世纪后,降水量偏少,从20世纪80年代中后期一直到21世纪头十年气温呈上升趋势,第二个十年的头4年呈下降的趋势。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.