Geological traces of Saxon churches in the London Basin

A comprehensive examination of the building materials of London Basin churches suggests that many more may reveal evidence of an Anglo-Saxon origin than has previously been accepted.     

寻甸柯渡新村地质灾害与煤矿采矿影响分析

不良工程地质组合导致房屋地基开裂或滑移,墙体承重失衡导致房屋结构性破裂。煤矿开采直接导致地下水位下降,部分影响建筑物地基稳定性及地面塌陷。     

Interpreting geology at Portreath, Cornwall: a resource for geological education

The geology of Portreath preserved both in the natural outcrop and as building stones is assessed as a potential resource for visiting educational groups. Portreath is a former mining port, its expansion and historical development being closely associated with local and regional geology. A fieldwork programme and complementary literature search revealed that this location contains a wide range of accessible rock types suitable for student analysis.     

Geology and the conservation of antique monuments in Turkey

This article deals with a geological investigation carried out as a fundamental part of the conservation and static restoration of several antique churches excavated in andesitic tuff in the Göreme valley and adjacent areas of Cappadocia in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Two stages have been completed already, in 1982 and 1985, respectively, and the work is still in progress. Seismicity is not regarded as a structural hazard, but the geological history includes a series of volcanic episodes since the Oligocene (about 38 million years ago), which persisted into fairly recent times and laid down a great thickness of tuff rock. Erosion sculptured this tuff preferentially because of irregular harder, basaltic layers, which later capped rock pinnacles, the so-called peribacalars, in which churches were hewn over a thousand years ago. Because the host rock is heavily fissured, precipitation has entered and has damaged many mural paintings. These are also subject to vandalism, and efforts have been made to restore them by the usual conservation intervention. However, grouting is necessary and must take into account the porosity of the tuff, which also permits capillary rise from crypts. Sometimes, during wet episodes, water flushes into these and scours the interior walls as well. The basic problem remains geological, and the contribution of the earth sciences is very important. Thus, an engineering geology study has determined that the tuff rock is suitable both for building retaining walls and acting as a constituent in cement grout. It is expected that the UNESCO/ICCROM program to save the churches will be completed successfully within the next five years or so.     

呼伦贝尔市煤矿矿区地质环境保护与综合治理

通过对呼伦贝尔市煤矿地质环境敏感性的综合评价,结合当地实际情况,提出了以修筑拦挡建筑物、支撑与坡面防护、锚固、排水、选择更合理的开采工艺等技术手段,对该地区地质灾害进行防治的方案。方案对海拉尔河河道治理、生物措施、井下回填工程、加固边坡、抽排水、发展煤矸石砖厂、移民避让、招商引资8个部分提出了防治方法,促进地质环境治理工作的进行。     

The use of local stone in the buildings of the Isle of Wight

The charm of the Isle of Wight, so much appreciated by visitors and the local population alike, is very much a combination of its delightful scenery and unique assemblage of vernacular buildings. These buildings range from isolated farmhouses to elaborate manor houses, castles and churches all constructed using the indigenous stone resources of the island. Today, these stone buildings, many of which date back to medieval times, are increasingly in need of conservation repair to maintain them for future generations. Essential to such conservation work is the safeguarding of the island's indigenous building stone sources as many of the stones used are unique to the island and no longer quarried. Protecting these stone sources could also provide stone for new building projects which would help to further enhance the character of the island's towns and villages.     

Understanding different perspectives on the preservation of community and heritage buildings in the Wellington Region,New Zealand

The Canterbury (New Zealand) earthquake sequence of 2010–2012 caused unexpectedly extreme levels of damage and disruption, being an unparalleled event in New Zealand in terms of the damage extent. Christchurch’s heritage buildings were seriously damaged during these events, with churches especially affected in 22 February 2011 M _w 6.2 earthquake. During this earthquake, a total of 84% of the heritage unreinforced stone and 81% of the clay brick masonry churches in the Canterbury region were either considered unsafe (receiving red placards) or with restricted access (yellow placards). Following the earthquakes, authorities across New Zealand are reassessing the capacity of older buildings to resist earthquakes. Current legislation requires that a building judged as earthquake prone either be strengthened by retrofitting or be demolished within a legislated number of years. Many building owners are facing the problems of owning earthquake-prone buildings and lacking the funding to upgrade. This affects both community and heritage buildings, resulting in the likely abandonment or demolition of some buildings. To address the problem of the balance between life safety and preservation in the Wellington Region, this project gathered and compared the perspectives of the general public, church communities, heritage specialists, professional engineers, and local authorities to assist in balancing the interests of these stakeholders. As a result of the findings, several recommendations have been provided that include standardizing structural assessment processes and training, feasibility of additional public funding to upgrade buildings, new signage to increase public awareness of earthquake-prone buildings, and regular communication among stakeholders to understand and resolve differences.     

某教学楼沉管灌注桩基础设计

根据岩土工程勘察报告，通过对场地的工程地质条件分析，决定该建筑物以沉管灌注桩为基础，并对桩基础的一系列参数进行了设计。     

遥感图像三维可视化技术在西部高原区机场建设工程中的应用——以昆明小哨机场为例

这里论述了应用遥感图像和数字高程模型(DEM)的融合技术,对在西部高原区机场建设(昆明小哨机场)研究区进行三维可视化处理的技术方法。在3S(RS、GIS和GPS)技术支持下,对遥感图像进行数据融合、图像增强、影像正射精校正等处理后与高精度DEM融合,制作研究区景观的三维遥感虚拟动态模型。通过分析三维可视化图像,结合野外考察资料,对机场建设工程研究区域内的构造地质、工程地质、环境地质等特征信息进行了提取和综合评价。结果表明:三维影像技术在机场建设工程中具有一定优势,可以为西部高原区机场建设工程决策者和工作者提供科学依据。     

高原机场建设工程“3S”技术综合应用

随着国民经济的高速发展,开发新机场和扩建老机场已经成为西部地区发展经济的重要举措。在青藏高原地区,机场建设前期工程中,如机场选址、机场工程地质、生态环境等因素的评价中,采用何种技术方法尤为重要,将直接影响机场建设工程进展及经费的投入。文章在西藏阿里、四川康定、云南腾冲、昆明小哨等多个机场的工程地质勘察项目实践基础上,探讨“3S”技术在高原区机场建设工程中的作用及其关键技术,提出基于“3S”技术的高原机场建设工程地质勘察关键技术方法,为高原机场建设创优工程与现代化管理提出新的思路。在机场建设工程地质勘察中,应用“3S”技术,通过遥感数字图像处理技术、虚拟现实和全数字摄影测量等高科技,制作测区的高精度正射遥感影像地图以及各个拟选机场的遥感图像三维虚拟动态系列动画图（模型）,在此基础上进行场区的构造地质、工程地质、环境地质以及生态环境等特征信息提取和综合评价,为机场建设工程决策者和具体的工作者提供科学依据。     

上海城市地质工作发展与展望

上海市地质工作历经60多年发展,从传统地质勘查到现代城市地质调查,汇集了海量地质数据,创新了地质成果表现形式,拓宽了服务领域,为特大型城市规划、建设和安全管理提供了坚实基础。上海城市地质工作从承担地勘项目到主动融入市政府综合管理平台,已成为城市经济与社会发展的重要环节。未来,上海城市地质工作将通过精深勘查和精细化管理,进一步注重影响城市安全的环境地质问题,努力为上海城市生态文明建设再创新的业绩。     

一种改进的不规则三角网格曲面切割算法

三角网切割是实现三维地质建模和模型分析的关键算法, 它的效率直接决定了建模算法的效率.通过建立三角网的方向包围盒(oriented bounding box, OBB) 树实现曲面间的碰撞检测, 然后对发生相交的三角形对统一计算交点, 通过对顶点坐标归一化完成曲面切割后的快速重构, 并针对不同的曲面类型采用不同的切割分类方法进行2侧切割结果的划分.阐述了算法的实现过程并展示了切割后的图形效果.      

城市地质信息管理与服务系统若干问题探讨

城市地质是一门新兴的,融合了地质学、城市科学、工程建筑科学与环境学等多学科的综合性学科。本文对城市地质的信息管理、服务体系结构的构建与系统主要功能模块,数据处理以及信息发布方式做了一些探讨。     

烟台市城市工程地质基本问题

该文深入分析了烟台市城市工程地质研究的基本问题,诸如建筑场地稳定问题、地基岩土特性的有效利用问题、供水水源问题、地表水、地下水的环境污染问题、城市环境工程地质问题、城市地质环境的利用与保护问题等.     

Construction Problems on the Karstified Limestone Tuffs of Condeixa, Central Portugal: A Case Study

During the excavations for the foundations of a three storey building on the limestone tuffs of Condeixa, Central Portugal, a large dissolution fissure and smaller dissolution voids were found. Since the area has never been the subject of engineering geology investigation, it was decided to evaluate the risk associated with the construction of the building. These limestone tuffs were formed in a continental environment by the precipitation of calcite carried by the water coming from the large limestone body in the east. The precipitated calcite mixed with the terrigenous materials and around trunks and leaves of plants, originating a very heterogeneous and porous ground, which is characteristic of limestone tuffs. The study started with a detailed geological survey followed by a large number of destructive drillings, located essentially under the pad foundations. The results revealed several karstic cavities with serious problems for the building foundations and the structure, and many smaller dissolution cavities, often filled with clayey soils. The ground treatment solutions used included, dental cleaning, filling with concrete or granular material the dissolution structures accessible at the level of the foundation, reinforcement of the footing and the structure of the building and adding a continuous foundation beam to hold the foundations together. The cost of the engineering geology study, site investigation, ground treatment, and the reinforcement of the foundation and building, increased the total construction cost from 2%, at the design stage, to 4.8%.     

浅谈大气科学与地质学的学科交叉

随着新一轮的科技革命蓬勃兴起,大气科学学科正步入地球系统科学的新时代,学科交叉必然产生新的增长点.大气科学的发展经历了观测-理论-模型的三个阶段,很好地践行了“数据-模式驱使科学”的研究范式.然而,地质学具有更深远的时空复杂性,需要更长时间的数据积累.目前,地质学正面临着研究范式由观测向理论和模型的转变.大气科学与地质学的交叉将为这一转变提供经验和启示.同时,大气科学与地质学的交叉,需要研究气候系统上边界(大气顶的太阳辐射)和下边界(固体地球形态)变化导致的大气和海洋环流的响应.研究这些问题,将成为发展同时统辖“分钟、小时”直至“地史”的时间尺度的大气科学理论的关键,也是未来地球系统模式发展的重要方向之一.中国地质大学(武汉)的大气科学专业,作为推动大气科学与地质学交叉的排头兵,任重而道远.      

沈阳城区岩土工程特性

从区域地质、地貌、工程地质和水文地质条件及建筑场地的稳定性几个方面,综合分析评价了沈阳城区的岩土工程特性,据此,将其划分为5个工程地质分区。这为城市总体规划布局、充分利用土地资源提供了区域性的工程地质依据。      

G316陕西段地质灾害及对策分析

随着公路建设的不断发展,公路沿线地质灾害越来越多,危及公路的安全和正常运营。论文通过对G316国道陕西段地质灾害详实调查,在分析自然条件和地质条件的基础上,公路沿线地质灾害具有种类多,分布广、活动频繁,危害大的特点,常冲毁道路、耕地、房屋,危及人民的生命财产安全,同时研究了该段公路沿线地质灾害的分布特征、形成机制、危害及对策措施。研究表明,该段公路的地质灾害与工程地质条件、公路本身建设及人为因素等因素有关。所以,应结合上述特点因地制宜地治理灾害,达到治理灾害和保持公路生态环境相协调为目的。     

三峡水利工程二期围堰的工程地质问题研究

二期围堰是三峡工程建设的关键，施工技术难度大，施工期短。首先在一般工程地质条件勘察的基础上，针对二期围堰工程建设的特点，对主要的工程地质问题如枯水河床基岩深槽问题、堰基细砂层振动液化与渗透稳定问题、堰基岩土渗透问题等，进行详细的勘察研究，在此基础上提出了二期围堰的设计和施工依据，是二期围堰工程胜利建成的根本保证。