构造和地层背景对华南、澳大利亚和日本晚泥盆世和密西西比纪生物礁发育的影响

在西澳大利亚坎宁盆地泥盆纪生物礁组合和东澳大利亚昆士兰州密西西比纪生物礁详细调查和研究的基础上, 通过分析晚泥盆世至密西西比纪生物礁组合在古特提斯海4个不同地区的发育形式和演化特征对西澳大利亚坎宁盆地与中国桂林晚泥盆世生物礁组合以及东澳大利亚昆士兰与中国广西和西日本秋吉台密西西比纪的生物礁进行对比.第一次从构造、地层、古纬度和古气候方面来探讨古东特提斯海和北特提斯海晚泥盆世至密西西比纪生物礁的发育异同, 研究成果改进了对西澳大利亚、东澳大利亚、华南和西日本4个地区生物礁发育的认识, 从而可在全球角度上去探讨控制晚古生代生物礁发育的各种因素.研究的地质时段包含重要的生物绝灭事件, 也是温室向冰室的转折时期, 是全球范围造礁生物演替、更新和重新繁盛的阶段.研究成果对认识晚泥盆世至密西西比纪全球范围内造礁生物和生物礁类型与早、中泥盆世的区别, 对研究全球在这一时期古气候和古环境的变化都具有重要的意义.      

Chertification histories of some Late Mesozoic and Middle Palaeozoic platform carbonates

A consistent pattern for the silica sources, depositional environments and timing of chertification was observed in a diverse suite of five Late Mesozoic and Middle Palaeozoic carbonate sequences; the (1) Upper Greensand (Cretaceous) and (2) Portland Limestone (Jurassic) of southern England, (3) the Ramp Creek Formation (Mississippian) of southern Indiana, and the (4) lower Helderberg Group (Devonian) and (5) Onondaga Limestone (Devonian) of New York State. Nodular chert formation in all five limestone sequences occurred in sediments that were largely uncemented. Ghosts of pre-chertification carbonate cements are present in some chert nodules but are volumetrically minor. In every limestone sequence except the Upper Greensand, chertification occurred after burial to a depth sufficient for intergranular pressure solution and mechanical grain deformation of carbonate sand. Nodular chert is most abundant in subtidal, normal marine wackestones and mudstones that were deposited at or below fair-weather wave base, and is absent or rare in supratidal, intertidal and high-energy subtidal limestones and dolomites. An intraformational sponge spicule silica source for chert nodules is suggested by direct evidence, such as calcitized sponge spicules in the host limestone, and circumstantial evidence, such as ghosts of sponge spicules in chert nodules and a correlation of chert abundance with depositional environment. Most molds of siliceous sponge spicules were apparently obliterated by post-chertification intergranular compaction. We propose that these general trends for the depositional environments, silica sources and timing of chertification are representative of most Mesozoic to Middle Palaeozoic platform limestones.     

新疆北部泥盆纪床板珊瑚组合特征兼论下、中泥盆统的划分

<正> 新疆北部阿尔泰山、东、西准噶尔及北天山地区,下、中、上泥盆统皆有床板珊瑚,垂直变化明显,形成了自奥陶纪以来第三个繁盛期。本文将本区泥盆纪床板珊瑚分布规律及其组合特征介绍如下:     

Geochemical discrimination of tectonic setting for Devonian basalts of the Yarrol Province of the New England Orogen,central coastal Queensland: An empirical approach *

Fault blocks and inliers of uppermost Silurian to Middle Devonian strata in the Yarrol Province of central coastal Queensland have been interpreted either as island-arc deposits or as a continental-margin sequence. They can be grouped into four assemblages with different age ranges, stratigraphic successions, geophysical signatures, basalt geochemistry, and coral faunas. Basalt compositions from the Middle Devonian Capella Creek Group at Mt Morgan are remarkably similar to analyses from the modern Kermadec Arc, and are most consistent with an intra-oceanic arc associated with a backarc basin. They cannot be matched with basalts from any modern continental arc, including those with a thin crust (Southern Volcanic Zone of the Andes) or those built on recently accreted juvenile oceanic terranes (Eastern Volcanic Front of Kamchatka). Analyses from the other assemblages also suggest island-arc settings, although some backarc basin basalt compositions could be present. Arguments for a continental-margin setting based on structure, provenance, and palaeogeography are not conclusive, and none excludes an oceanic setting for the uppermost Silurian to Middle Devonian rocks. The Mt Morgan gold–copper orebody is associated with a felsic volcanic centre like those of the modern Izu–Bonin Arc, and may have formed within a submarine caldera. The data are most consistent with formation of the Capella Creek Group as an intra-oceanic arc related to an east-dipping subduction zone, with outboard assemblages to the east representing remnant arc or backarc basin sequences. Collision of these exotic terranes with the continent probably coincided with the Middle–Upper Devonian unconformity at Mt Morgan. An Upper Devonian overlap sequence indicates that all four assemblages had reached essentially their present relative positions early in Late Devonian time. Apart from a small number of samples with compositions typical of spreading backarc basins, Upper Devonian basalts and basaltic andesites of the Lochenbar and Mt Hoopbound Formations and the Three Moon Conglomerate are most like tholeiitic or transitional suites from evolved oceanic arcs such as the Lesser Antilles, Marianas, Vanuatu, and the Aleutians. However, they also match some samples from the Eastern Volcanic Front of Kamchatka. Their rare-earth and high field strength element patterns are also remarkably similar to Upper Devonian island arc tholeiites in the ophiolitic Marlborough terrane, supporting a subduction-related origin and a lack of involvement of continental crust in their genesis. Modern basalts from rifted backarc basins do not match the Yarrol Province rocks as well as those from evolved oceanic arcs, and commonly have consistently higher MgO contents at equivalent levels of rare-earth and high field strength elements. One of the most significant points for any tectonic model is that the Upper Devonian basalts become more arc-like from east to west, with all samples that can be matched most readily with backarc basin basalts located along the eastern edge of the outcrop belt. It is difficult to account for all geochemical variations in the Upper Devonian basalts of the Yarrol Province by any simplistic tectonic model using either a west-dipping or an east-dipping subduction zone. On a regional scale, the Upper Devonian rocks represent a transitional phase in the change from an intra-oceanic setting, epitomised by the Middle Devonian Capella Creek Group, to a continental margin setting in the northern New England Orogen in the Carboniferous, but the tectonic evolution must have been more complex than any of the models published to date. Certainly there are many similarities to the southern New England Orogen, where basalt geochemistry indicates rifting of an intra-oceanic arc in Middle to Late Devonian time.     

Environmental factors controlling the distribution patterns and abundance of sclerobionts on the shells of Tridacna maxima from the Egyptian Red Sea coast

The living Tridacna maxima shell provides an example of a good substrate for many colonizing marine organisms (sclerobionts). Many factors affect the colonization choices of these organisms, such as morphology and size of the host shell, water depth (related to light penetration), suspended particulate load, and turbidity, among others. In addition to these factors, contamination plays an important role in the colonization choice along the coast of the Red Sea in Egypt. In the present study, 25 specimens of T. maxima shells of different sizes were collected at different depths from eight sites along the Egyptian Red Sea coast. There are two types of contamination at these sites. The first type results from anthropogenic activities, such as tourism, fishing, landfilling, shipping, renewal of ship operations, shipyards, dredging, and petroleum production; this type is represented by the El-Esh area, Hurghada Harbor, Safaga Harbor, and Quseir Harbor. The second type results from the natural inputs from wadis and is represented by the El-Esh area, Quseir Harbour, and Wadi El-Gemal, while the Abu Galawa Lagoon, the Abu Ghusun, and the Hamata Reefs represent uncontaminated areas (control areas). The present study documents the colonization phenomena on T. maxima shells at all of the study sites. These phenomena differed from one another in the abundance and diversity of sclerobionts, and unexpectedly, the contaminated areas recorded the highest abundance and diversity of colonizing organisms.     

新疆西天山(南段)区域地球化学异常特征

西天山（南段）地区地处伊犁亚板块南缘活动带和塔里木板块边缘活动带内.向北突出呈弧形展布的近东西向主干断裂控制本区地层、岩浆岩及地球化学异常的分布.主体为志留、泥盆系富含碳质的碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩沉积.西天山（南段）主要成矿元素及其伴生元素集中在志留系、泥盆系和石炭系中,因而它们是研究区内最有潜力的找矿层位.志留系Au、As、Sb、Sn、Zn、Cr、Ni、Co、Ti富集,微量元素分布不均匀,元素组合多样,局部地段有富集成矿的趋势,地球化学图上有明显的Au、As、Sb、Hg、Cu的单元素异常或多元素的组合异常出现;泥盆系总体地球化学背景偏高,空间分布不均匀,元素组合复杂.富集元素有Au、As、Sb、Hg,有多元素的综合异常显示.根据区内元素异常分布、组合类型及控制异常分布的主要地质因素,将本区划分为4条综合异常带（9条亚带）.     

Was Phanerozoic reef history controlled by the distribution of non-enzymatically secreted reef carbonates (microbial carbonate and biologically induced cement)?

Throughout most of the Phanerozoic, reef rigidity resulted as much, or more, from early lithification by microbial carbonates and biologically induced cements (non-enzymatic carbonates) than from biological encrustation of, or by, large, enzymatically secreted metazoan skeletons. Reef framework is divided into four categories: (1) skeletal metazoan; (2) non-skeletal microbialite (stromatolite and thrombolite); (3) calcimicrobe; and (4) biocementstone, in which small or delicate organisms serve as scaffolds for rigid cement crusts. The last three categories are dominated by non-enzymatic carbonates. Skeletal framework and non-skeletal microbialite framework were the most abundant framework types through the Phanerozoic. The composition and abundance of skeletal framework was controlled largely by mass extinction events, but most reefs consisted of both microbialite and skeletal organisms in a mutually beneficial relationship. Microbialite framework was abundant throughout the Palaeozoic and early Mesozoic, but declined after the Jurassic. Calcimicrobe framework was important during the Cambrian-Early Ordovician and Devonian and biocementstone framework was important from the late Mississippian to the Late Triassic. The Phanerozoic history of reefs does not correlate well with the stratigraphic distribution of large, skeletal ‘reef builders’, or with a variety of physicochemical parameters, including sea-level history, Wilson Cycle or global climate cycles. Because non-enzymatic carbonates result from induction by non-obligate calcifiers, and not enzymatic precipitation by obligate calcifiers, the distribution of these carbonates was controlled to a larger extent by temporal changes in physicochemical parameters affecting the saturation state of sea water with respect to carbonate minerals. Changes in pCO₂, Ca/Mg ratios, cation concentrations and temperature may have affected the abundance of non-enzymatic carbonates and, hence, reefs, independently from the effects of these same parameters and mass extinction events on skeletal reef biota. The decline in abundance of reefal microbialite and absence of calcimicrobe and biocementstone reef framework after the Jurassic may be a result of relatively low saturation states of sea water owing to increased removal and sequestration of finite marine carbonate resources by calcareous plankton since the Jurassic. Reef history is difficult to correlate with temporal changes in specific global parameters because these parameters affect skeletal biota and biologically induced carbonate precipitation independently. Hence, reef history was regulated not just by skeletal reef biota, but by parameters governing non-enzymatic carbonates.     

南秦岭镇安盆地泥盆纪沉积体系与古地理演化

通过对南秦岭镇安盆地泥盆系露头剖面的详细研究，将该区泥盆系划分为海岸、陆棚、斜坡-盆地及碳酸盐岩四种沉积体系，沉积体系及岩相组合具有南北向分异、东西向展布的特点。从地层由南向北超覆，相类型由北部的近源相至南部的远源相，以及碎屑搬运方向总体从北向南的变化趋势，更加确定了以前认为北部存在一个消失的古陆的认识。根据沉积体系及岩相组合的演化，把研究区的沉积盆地演化归纳为初始坳陷、拗陷和强裂断陷三个发展阶段，在不同的发展阶段具不同的环境格局，由北向南表现为：D2吉微特期古陆-海岸-陆棚；D2弗拉斯期古陆-碳酸盐台地-陆棚；D3法门期块断隆起-海岸-陆棚-斜坡-盆地-台地。     

Geology, mineralization, stable isotope geochemistry, and fluid inclusion characteristics of the Novogodnee–Monto oxidized Au–(Cu) skarn and porphyry deposit, Polar Ural, Russia

The Novogodnee–Monto oxidized Au–(Cu) skarn and porphyry deposit is situated in the large metallogenic belt of magnetite skarn and Cu–Au porphyry deposits formed along the Devonian–Carboniferous Urals orogen. The deposit area incorporates nearly contemporaneous Middle–Late Devonian to Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous calc-alkaline (gabbro to diorite) and potassic (monzogabbro, monzodiorite- to monzonite-porphyry, also lamprophyres) intrusive suites. The deposit is represented by magnetite skarn overprinted by amphibole–chlorite–epidote–quartz–albite and then sericite–quartz–carbonate assemblages bearing Au-sulfide mineralization. This mineralization includes early high-fineness (900–990?‰) native Au associated mostly with cobaltite as well as with chalcopyrite and Co-pyrite, intermediate-stage native Au (fineness 830–860?‰) associated mostly with galena, and late native Au (760–830?‰) associated with Te minerals. Fluid inclusion and stable isotope data indicate an involvement of magmatic–hydrothermal high-salinity (>20 wt.% NaCl-equiv.) chloride fluids. The potassic igneous suite may have directly sourced fluids, metals, and/or sulfur. The abundance of Au mineralization is consistent with the oxidized character of the system, and its association with Co-sulfides suggests elevated sulfur fugacity.     

Mississippian coral assemblages from the Khenifra area,Central Morocco: Biostratigraphy,biofacies, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography

Analysis of Mississippian coral assemblages from the Khenifra region of Central Morocco together with data from foraminiferal/algal microfossils has established new age dating of 5 localities within the Azrou–Khenifra Basin: Souk El Had and Sidi Lamine, where corals occur mainly in biostromes protected by oolitic shoals, Tabainout, where corals have been recorded in different environments related to microbial mounds, Alhajra Almatkouba, where corals occur in biostromal reworked beds and Tiouinine, where corals occur in a well structured, fringing reef. This study demonstrates the presence of richer more diverse coral assemblages than previously recorded, in a variety of environmental settings. These coral assemblages strengthen correlations with the Adarouch area in the NE part of the Azrou–Khenifra Basin. It is emphasised that in the upper Viséan there are close similarities with rugose coral assemblages in other parts of the Western Palaeotethys including North Africa, SW Spain and NW Europe, and that all belong to the same biogeographic province.     

Foraminifers and conodonts from the late Viséan to early Bashkirian succession in the Saharan Tindouf Basin (southern Morocco): biostratigraphic refinements and implications for correlations in the western Palaeotethys

The Carboniferous succession in the Tindouf Basin of southern Morocco, North Africa, displays Mississippian to Early Pennsylvanian marine beds, followed by Pennsylvanian continental deposits. The marine beds comprise a shallow water cyclic platform sequence, dominated by shales and fine‐grained sandstones with thin but laterally persistent limestone/dolostone beds. Foraminiferal assemblages have been studied in the limestone beds in several sections from the Djebel Ouarkziz range in the northern limb of the Tindouf Syncline; they indicate that the age of the limestones range from late Asbian (late Viséan) to Krasnopolyanian (early Bashkirian). The foraminiferal assemblages are abundant and diverse, and much richer in diversity than those suggested by previous studies in the region, as well as for other areas of the western Palaeotethys. The richest assemblages are recorded in the Serpukhovian but, unusually, they contain several taxa which appear much earlier in Western European basins (in the latest Viséan). In contrast, conodont assemblages are scarce due to the shallow‐water facies, although some important taxa are recorded in the youngest limestones. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

四川龙门山下泥盆统甘溪组和谢家湾组疑源类

四川龙门山下泥盆统甘溪组和谢家湾组疑源类的研究结果为首次报道。该两组疑源类丰富，分异度较高，共发现２３属、３３种和变种（包括未定种），文中图示１６属、２５种和变种。疑源类和其它孢型化石证明四川龙门山地区下泥盆统甘溪组和谢家湾组属近岸正常浅海环境的沉积。该地区甘溪组和谢家湾组疑源类基本上可与西欧、北美早泥盆世西根阶和艾姆斯阶疑源类比较。对它的研究不仅有重要的地层和古生物学意义，而且对古地理、古生态和沉积环境的研究也有重要意义     

Metamorphic evolution of the Central Metamorphic Belt, Klamath Province, California: an inverted metamorphic gradient beneath the Trinity peridotite

ABSTRACT Metabasalts and metasedimentary rocks of the Devonian Central Metamorphic Belt comprise the lower plate of the east-dipping Trinity thrust system in the Klamath province. An inverted metamorphic gradient is preserved in the Central Metamorphic Belt; metamorphic conditions decrease from amphibolite facies adjacent to the Trinity thrust, through albite-epidote amphibolite facies, to upper greenschist facies at the base of the Central Metamorphic Belt. Mineral chemistry, mineral assemblages and limited geothermometry suggest that peak metamorphic conditions decrease structurally downward from 650 ± 50° C at the Trinity thrust to 500 ± 50° C at the base of the Central Metamorphic Belt, under pressures of 5 ± 3 kbar. Synmetamorphic Ab + Qtz veins, up to 1 m thick, increase in abundance towards the Trinity thrust. Infiltration of H₂O-CO₂ fluids derived from prograde devolatilization reactions in the Central Metamorphic Belt caused extensive hydration and metasomatism of the Trinity peridotite; the hanging wall block of the Trinity thrust zone. Geological relationships and the preserved inverted metamorphic gradient suggest that the Central Metamorphic Belt formed in an east-dipping Devonian subduction zone in an oceanic environment. The Central Metamorphic Belt appears to represent a discrete slice of accreted oceanic crust several km thick, rather than progressively accreted material. Metamorphic pressures recorded by the Central Metamorphic Belt are intermediate between the ∼2 kbar pressures recorded in dynamothermal aureoles beneath obducted ophiolites and the 7–10 kbar preserved in subduction-related inverted metamorphic gradients. The lack of blueschist facies mineral assemblages in the Central Metamorphic Belt may possibly be explained by an anomalously warm geotherm prior to subduction or early shear heating prior to the arrival of wet rocks at depth.     

有关甘肃红柳园地区“南型”海相泥盆系的质疑

据称“在甘肃省红柳园地区的泥盆纪地层中发现过一块保存不完整的腕足类 ?Stringocephalus标本”,因此有人主张将该区的泥盆系归属于所谓的“南型”海相泥盆系。但不论是从该区泥盆纪地层的发育特征、岩相建造、火山活动、沉积厚度 ,还是从古生物的组合面貌来看 ,红柳园地区的泥盆系与所谓的“北型”海相泥盆系却十分相似 ,而与“南型”海相泥盆系则差别甚大。最近该化石的原鉴定者面告 ,当初对那块化石的鉴定有误 ,可能是一种腹足类 ,红柳园地区不存在 Stringocephalus。因此 ,将甘肃省红柳园地区的泥盆系归属于“南型”海相泥盆系的主张是值得商榷的     

Retrowedge-related Carboniferous units and coeval magmatism in the northwestern Neuquén province, Argentina

The studied Carboniferous units comprise metasedimentary (Guaraco Norte Formation), pyroclastic (Arroyo del Torreón Formation), and sedimentary (Huaraco Formation) rocks that crop out in the northwestern Neuquén province, Argentina. They form part of the basement of the Neuquén Basin and are mostly coeval with the Late Paleozoic accretionary prism complex of the Coastal Cordillera, south-central Chile. U–Pb SHRIMP dating of detrital zircon yielded a maximum depositional age of 374?Ma (Upper Devonian) for the Guaraco Norte Formation and 389?Ma for the Arroyo del Torreón Formation. Detrital magmatic zircon from the Guaraco Norte Formation are grouped into two main populations of Devonian and Ordovician (Famatinian) ages. In the Arroyo del Torreón Formation, zircon populations are also of Devonian and Ordovician (Famatinian), as well as of Late Neoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic ages. In both units, there is a conspicuous population of Devonian magmatic zircon grains (from 406?±?4?Ma to 369?±?5?Ma), indicative of active magmatism at that time range. The ε_Hf values of this population range between ?2.84 and ?0.7, and the TDM-(Hf) are mostly Mesoproterozoic, suggesting that the primary sources of the Devonian magmatism contained small amounts of Mesoproterozoic recycled crustal components. The chemical composition of the Guaraco Norte Formation corresponds to recycled, mature polycyclic sediment of mature continental provenance, pointing to a passive margin with minor inputs from continental margin magmatic rocks. The chemical signature of the Huaraco Formation indicates that a magmatic arc was the main provenance for sediments of this unit, which is consistent with the occurrence of tuff—mostly in the Arroyo del Torreón Formation and very scarcely in the Huaraco Formation—with a volcanic-arc signature, jointly indicating the occurrence of a Carboniferous active arc magmatism during the deposition of the two units. The Guaraco Norte Formation is interpreted to represent passive margin deposits of mostly Lower Carboniferous age (younger than 374?Ma and older than 326?Ma) that precede the onset of the accretionary prism in Chile and extend into the earliest stage of the accretion, in a retrowedge position. The Arroyo del Torreón and Huaraco formations are considered to be retrowedge basin deposits to the early frontal accretionary prism (Eastern Series) of Chile. The presence of volcanism with arc signature in the units provides evidence of a Mississippian magmatic arc that can be correlated with limited exposures of the same age in the Frontal Cordillera (Argentina). The arc would have migrated to the West (Coastal Batholith) during Pennsylvanian–Permian times (coevally with the later basal accretionary prism/Western Series). The source of a conspicuous population of Devonian detrital zircon interpreted to be of magmatic origin in the studied units is discussed in various possible geotectonic scenarios, the preferred model being a magmatic arc developed in the Chilenia block, related to a west-dipping subduction beneath Chilenia before and shortly after its collision against Cuyania/Gondwana, at around 390?Ma and not linked to the independent, Devonian–Mississippian arc, developed to the south, in Patagonia.     

Fish community ecology in an Altered River delta: Spatial patterns in species composition, life history strategies, and biomass

We sampled nearshore fishes in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, United States, during 2001 and 2003 with beach seines and gill nets. We addressed three questions. How and why did fish assemblages vary, and what local habitat features best explained the variation? Did spatial variation in assemblages reflect greater success of particular life history strategies? Did fish biomass vary among years or, across habitats? Nonmetric multidimensional scaling showed that habitat variables had more influence on fish assemblages than temporal variables. Results from both gear types indicated fish assemblages varied between Sacramento and San Joaquin River sampling sites. Results from gill net sampling were less pronounced than those from beach seine sampling. The Sacramento and San Joaquin river sites differed most notably in terms of water clarity and abundance of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), suggesting a link between these habitat characteristics and fish relative abundance. Among-site differences in the relative abundance of periodic and equilibrium strategist species suggested a gradient in the importance of abiotic versus biotic community structuring mechanisms. Fish biomass varied among years, but was generally higher in SAV-dominated habitats than the turbid, open habitats in which we found highest abundances of striped bassMorone saxatilis and special-status native fishes such as delta smeltHypomesus transpacificus, Chinook salmonOncorhyncus tschawytscha, and splittailPogonichthys macrolepidotus. The low abundance of special-status fishes in the comparatively productive SAV-dominated habitats suggests these species would benefit more from large-scale restoration actions that result in abiotic variability that mirrors natural river-estuary habitat than from actions that emphasize local (site-specific) productivity.     

Numerical modeling of hydrothermal fluid flow coupled with mass transport: An example from the Devonian Wabamun Group, northeast British Columbia, Canada

Several researchers have suggested that upward and lateral hydrothermal fluid flow was responsible for dolomitization of various Devonian and Mississippian reservoirs in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) based on sedimentological, geochemical and diagenetic evidence. In this study, a numerical model was applied to investigate hydrothermal fluid flow in the Wabamun Group, Parkland field, northeastern British Columbia, Canada. Our numerical results indicate that faults play the most critical role in controlling hydrothermal fluid flow. They provide a pathway connecting the basement of the basin and overlying sedimentary layers. Upwelling fluid flow via faults may bring reactants and heat from underlying strata to shallow formations for diagenetic reactions (e.g. dolomitization and/or chertification) or forming ore deposits. Salinity distribution of formation water, permeability configuration of host rock and regional fluid flow are also important factors affecting hot and brine fluid flow and accompanying heat and mass distribution.     

异珊瑚目的地史分布与化石组合

异珊瑚化石始发现于早泥盆世 ,早石炭世为鼎盛时期 ,至早二叠世末全部绝灭。本研究将异珊瑚划分为 4个化石组合 ,并对异珊瑚的起源、分布及迁移规律及生态环境等进行了讨论。化石组合由老至新分别为 :早泥盆世 Tetraphyllia组合 ;晚泥盆世 Oligophylloides-H eterophyllia组合 ;早石炭世 Pentaphyllia-H exaphyllia-Radiciphyllia 组合 ;早二叠世 Dichophyllia-H eterophyllia-H exaphylloides组合。并指出异珊瑚属于热带—亚热带至暖温带的生物类群 ,起源中心可能为中国华南板块