惠普Design Jet Z6100大幅面打印机为灾区绘出希望

抗震救灾,测绘先行!四川汶川地震发生后,在交通阻隔、通讯中断的情况下,一张张清晰而精准的地震灾区卫星遥感地图,成为救援指挥人员及时了解受灾情况、解救受困人员、拯救生命的得力"助手".     

加快测绘发展 服务经济建设——玉树地震对我省测绘工作的启示

<正>2010年4月14日,玉树地区发生强烈地震,受灾面积大、人口多,居民住房和基础设施损毁严重,人民生命财产受到严重威胁。广大测绘工作者在第一时间赶到受灾第一线,为抗震救灾和灾后恢复重建工作提供了大量测绘服务保障。一是为抗震救灾积极提供最新测绘成果资料。玉树地震发生后,省测绘局及时提供了近5027幅最急需的玉树地区影     

为了群众的安危他一直冲锋在前——青海省国土资源厅地质环境处处长刘红星抗震救灾二、三事

<正>刘红星作为青海省国土资源厅地质环境处处长,肩负着编制、组织地震等自然灾害引发的重大地质灾害调查的重任。在玉树抗震救灾的日子里,为了群众的安危,     

抗震救灾:国土人在行动

<正>4月14日7时49分,青海省玉树藏族自治州玉树县发生里氏7.1级强烈地震。国土资源部在接到地震消息后,系统上下紧急行动,成立了由部长徐绍史任组长、副部长鹿心社、汪民任副组长的国土资源部青海玉树地震灾区抗震救灾领导小组;组织专家队伍迅速奔赴灾区开展抗震救灾工作。玉树地处高原环境,震后的救灾工作因此增加了更大     

日本是如何防震减灾、抗震救灾的？

日本是地震多发国家,世界上20%的6级以上的地震都发生在日本。长期抗震,日本在防震减灾、抗震救灾方面积累了大量技术人才和宝贵经验,值得我们借鉴、思考。     

玉树地震灾区地质灾害防治取得阶段性成果

青海玉树地震发生后,国土资源部迅速贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署,快速行动,全力组织投入支持开展抗震救灾和防范次生地质灾害。经过多方积极努力,玉树地震灾区地质灾害防治取得了阶段性成果。     

论中国地震政务网在地震突发事件中的作用

中国地震政务网是中国地震局的门户网站,在地震突发事件中是防震减灾信息发布的重要平台,是相关部门、机构、媒体和公众获得地震及抗震救灾等信息的权威渠道和重要来源。对中国地震政务网在地震突发事件中的舆论引导、政策宣传、信息通报、抗震救灾激励、防震减灾知识普及等方面的作用进行了探讨。     

鲁甸地震,测绘应急做了些啥

正6.5级深度12千米8月3日16时30分,云南省昭通市鲁甸县发生6.5级地震,震源深度12千米,震中位于鲁甸县龙头山镇地震发生后,测绘部门迅速响应开展了地震后的应急测绘,为抗震救灾提供保障服务。8月3日下午云南省测绘地理信息局在云南鲁甸地震发生后,迅速启动最高级应急响应,投入救灾人员50余人,举全局之力应对此次地震灾害。     

中国人民一定能够战胜灾害——以习近平同志为总书记的党中央领导开展四川芦山抗震救灾纪实

"我提议,为表达对四川芦山地震遇难同胞和在抢险救灾中英勇牺牲战士的深切哀悼,请大家起立。"4月23日,芦山地震震后第四天,抗震救灾工作正处于关键时刻。下午3时,中共中央总书记习近平在中南海勤政殿主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议,进一步全面部署四川芦山抗震救灾工作。会议一开始,在习近平提议下,全体与会人员起立默哀……连日来,发生在四川芦山的强烈地震,牵动着党中央的心,牵动着全国各族人民的情。     

播爱天府地——汶川地震国土资源系统抗震救灾英雄谱

这是令人悲痛欲绝的时刻,2008年5月12日,北京时间14点28分。这是无法让人释怀的坐标,北纬31°,东经103.4°。就在这一瞬间,四川省汶川发生了罕见的里氏8.0级特大地震,震动了中国,震惊了全世界。这里是文化多元的少数民族聚集区,人口稠密,工业集中;这片土地承载着数不清的自然与文化遗产……就在顷刻间山崩地裂,江河呜咽,地震灾害波及周边很多省份,蜀中特大城市成都面临威胁,受灾最重的12个市、县,房倒屋塌,企业受毁,直接受灾人口1000多万,人民生命和财产遭受巨大损失……国务院总理温家宝第一时间赶赴受灾最严重地区,调动千军万马抗震救灾;铁流滚千里,13万各军、兵种子弟兵以临战姿态,迅速开进抗震救灾第一线,只几天时间,国家救灾储备库调空,全国各地紧急生产、调配救灾物质,组建抢险队、医疗队,在最短的时间里到达抗震救灾前线。灾情就是命令,国土资源部连夜总动员,组建由徐绍史部长为组长的抗震救灾应急指挥小组,调兵遣将,紧急部署全系统抗震救灾工作。行动之快、力度之大、决心之强前所未有……     

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水稻土有机碳密度的空间预测分析——以浙江省长兴县为例

准确预测未采样区域SOC密度,是研究SOC演变趋势和探索土壤固碳作用对缓解全球气候变化的基础。采用泛克里格法(Universal Kriging,UK)和土壤类型法(pedological professional knowledge-based method,PKB),分别对长兴县水稻土有机碳密度进行了预测,其中,UK直接以长兴水稻土剖面资料为源数据、PKB以长兴水稻土剖面数据和长兴1∶5万数字土壤图为源数据进行预测。根据平均绝对误差(MAE)及均方根误差(RMSE)大小,评价了两种方法在县域尺度土壤有机碳密度空间预测效果。结果表明:UK的MAE(31.2)、RMSE(52.5)均大于PKB的MAE(24.7)、RMSE(43.1),说明PKB法的预测效果较好,UK法相对较差。研究表明,对土壤类型、土壤母质,以及剖面点位置等信息的综合考虑能使PKB法更好地表达土壤属性的空间特征,也更适于县域尺度土壤有机碳密度的空间预测。     

陇东黄土区地质灾害气象预警方法与应用——以泾川县为例

在地质灾害详细调查的基础上,基于GIS平台以地质灾害点密度为依据生成初步地质灾害易发性区划图.从诱发地质灾害的内部因素出发将地层岩性、地形坡度、地貌类型、植被覆盖率、多年降雨量分级后,叠加到初步易发性区划图中,生成了地质灾害气象预警区划基图.以降雨作为诱发地质灾害的主导外在因素,重新对泾川县进行了地质灾害气象预警区划,...     

基于信息量模型和数据标准化的滑坡易发性评价

本文以北川曲山-擂鼓片区为研究区,将坡度、坡向、高程、地层、距断层的距离、距水系的距离和距道路的距离作为该区域滑坡易发性评价因子。采用信息量模型计算了各项评价因子的信息量值,并运用4种标准化模型对信息量值进行标准化处理。各评价因子的权重由层次分析法（AHP）确定。在GIS中将权重值和各评价因子的标准化信息量值,进行叠加计算得到区域滑坡总信息量值,并基于自然断点法对其进行重分类,将研究区划分为极高易发区、高易发区、中易发区、低易发区和极低易发区5级易发区。将基于4种标准化模型和信息量模型得到的滑坡易发性评价结果进行了对比分析,结果表明：基于最值标准化信息量模型的滑坡易发性评价结果的ROC曲线下面积AUC值为0.807,高于其余模型的AUC值,说明最值标准化信息量模型的滑坡易发性评价效果最好。极高易发区面积占研究区面积的20.03%,离断层和水系较近,主要分布地层为寒武系、志留系和三迭系。研究结果可为区内滑坡风险评价和灾害防治提供参考。     

Modelling spatial variation in the treatment costs of nonpoint source pollution in mountainous regions of southwest China

Non-point source(NPS) pollution is considered to be one of the main threats of the aquatic environment. Mountainous regions are particularly important water sources for urban areas. The various driving factors of NPS pollution such as terrain, precipitation, and vegetation type in mountainous regions show clear spatial heterogeneity. Consequently, the management systems required for NPS pollution in mountainous regions are complex. In this study, we developed a framework to estimate and map the treatment costs for NPS pollution in mountainous regions and applied this method in Baoxing County, a typical mountainous county in Sichuan Province of southwest China. The export levels of total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) in Baoxing County were estimated using the water purification model in InVEST(Itegrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) tool. NPS pollutant treatment costs were calculated based on the level of pollutants exports, water yield, water quality targets, and treatment costs of NPS pollutants per unit mass. The results show that at the watershed level the amounts of TN and TP exported in Baoxing County were below threshold limits. However, at the sub-watershed level, TN and TP excesses of 291.64 and 2.96 tons per year were found, respectively, with mean TN and TP treatment costs of 6.58 US$/hm~2 and 0.35 US$/hm~2. Appraising pollution treatment cost intuitively reflects the overall expenditure in NPS pollution reduction from an economic perspective. This study provides a foundation for the implementation of Payment for Ecosystem Service(PES) and the prevention and control of NPS pollution.     

DB辅助内业核查清绘工具在桂东县三调中的应用研究

文章阐述了桂东县第三次国土调查工作中基于ARCGIS自主开发的DB辅助内业核查的工具包,并进行数据试验分析.DB工具通过抽取外业举证成果,将三调地类图斑数据字段BSM与外业举证矢量字段TBYBH建立映射关系,可快速查看举证照片,核实图斑边界、地类、标注信息,也能核实举证图斑的真实性,辅助内业清绘、修改国土调查数据库.D...     

Regional scale rainfall- and earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility assessment in Wudu County, China

Wudu County in northwestern China frequently experiences large-scale landslide events.High-magnitude earthquakes and heavy rainfall events are the major triggering factors in the region.The aim of this research is to compare and combine landslide susceptibility assessments of rainfalltriggered and earthquake-triggered landslide events in the study area using Geographical Information System(GIS) and a logistic regression model.Two separate susceptibility maps were produced using inventories reflecting single landslide-triggering events,i.e.,earthquakes and heavy rain storms.Two groups of landslides were utilized: one group containing all landslides triggered by extreme rainfall events between 1995 and 2003 and the other group containing slope failures caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.Subsequently,the individual maps were combined to illustrate the locations of maximum landslide probability.The use of the resulting three landslide susceptibility maps for landslide forecasting,spatial planning and for developing emergency response actions are discussed.The combined susceptibility map illustrates the total landslide susceptibility in the study area.     

基于逻辑回归模型和3S技术的思南县滑坡易发性评价

区域滑坡易发性评价对滑坡灾害防治具有重要意义，贵州省思南县由于其特殊的自然地理和地质条件，受滑坡地质灾害的影响非常严重，因此，非常有必要对思南县的滑坡易发性进行评价。在滑坡编录的基础上，采用由RS、GIS和GPS组成的3S技术，获取了思南县的数字高程模型、坡度、坡向、剖面曲率、坡长、岩土类型、地表湿度指数、距离水系的距离、植被覆盖度和地表建筑物指数10个滑坡影响因子；再在频率比和相关性分析的基础上，利用逻辑回归模型对思南县的滑坡易发性进行了评价并绘制了易发性分布图。结果表明:利用逻辑回归模型预测思南县滑坡易发性的准确率(AUC值)达到0.797，较为准确地预测出了思南县滑坡分布规律；极高和高滑坡易发区主要分布在高程低于600 m、地表坡度较大且以软质岩类为主的区域；而极低和低滑坡易发区主要分布在高程较高、地表坡度较小且以硬质岩类为主的区域。      

GIS-based evaluation on the fault motion-induced coseismic landslides

Earthquake-induced potential landslides are commonly estimated using landslide susceptibility maps. Nevertheless, the fault location is not identified and the ground motion caused by it is unavailable in the map. Thus, potential coseismic landslides for a specific fault motion-induced earthquake could not be predicted using the map. It is meaningful to incorporate the fault location and ground motion characteristics into the landslide predication model. A new method for a specific fault motion-induced coseismic landslide prediction model using GIS (Geographic Information System) is proposed herein. Location of mountain ridges, slope gradients over 45 o , PVGA (Peak Vertical Ground Accelerations) exceeded 0.15 g, and PHGA (Peak Horizontal Ground Accelerations) exceeded 0.25 g of slope units were representing locations that initiated landslides during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan. These coseismic landslide characteristics were used to identify areas where landslides occurred during Meishan fault motion-induced strong ground motions in Chiayi County in Taiwan. The strong ground motion (over 8 Gal in the database, 1 Gal = 0.01 m/s 2 , and 1 g = 981 Gal) characteristics were evaluated by the fault length, site distance to the fault, and topography, and their attenuation relations are presented in GIS. The results of the analysis show that coseismic landslide areas could be identified promptly using GIS. The earthquake intensity and focus depth have visible effects on ground motion. The shallower the focus depth, the larger the magnitude increase of the landslides. The GIS-based landslide predication method is valuable combining the geomorphic characteristics and ground motion attenuation relationships for a potential region landslide hazard assessment and in disaster mitigation planning.     

用GPS数据研究汾渭盆地构造应力场变化

利用2004—2007年观测的GPS数据,采用格林函数法对汾渭盆地地壳15 km深处的最大主应力和剪应力进行了计算。结果表明：1）汾渭盆地的应力场变化分布具有高度不均匀性,山区和盆地的应力场变化性质相反:山区应力场以增加为主,盆地应力场以减小为主;2）宝鸡至咸阳一带的剪应力变化与汤浴至蒲城一带的剪应力变化存在相反的性质。