金山金矿构造控矿特征及其模拟实验

在前人工作的基础上,研究金山金矿构造控制产出部位,控制金山金矿蚀变糜棱岩金矿和石英脉金矿体及矿石类型,控制金山金矿微量元素、稀土元素、同位素及流体包裹体等地球化学特征;运用中国科学院地球化学研究所矿床地球化学国家重点实验室中的构造地球化学(构造成矿)高温高压实验条件进行构造控矿模拟实验,模拟高温高压条件下,岩石、矿石的变形实验,构造控制成矿物质活化、迁移聚集以及构造控制金山金矿载金矿物成矿元素变化的模拟实验和多期多次构造应力作用下成矿物质活化、迁移模拟实验。实验结果表明:构造活动的热动力作用下,不仅使岩石、矿石产生韧性剪切变形和脆性变形,并可看出韧性变形在前,脆性变形在后,并叠加在韧性变形之上,构造作用能使成矿物质活化、迁移并聚集在襁皱虚脱部位,层间破碎带及裂隙交汇部位;多期多次构造应力实验不仅使变形、破裂加剧,并使成矿物质叠加富集。实验结果与金山金矿成矿十分近似,这不仅为研究金山金矿成矿和分布规律提供实验资料和依据,也为矿区进一步找矿提供有益信息。     

黔东南金矿构造控矿与成矿模拟实验

黔东南金矿是赋存于前震旦系下江群浊积岩(浅变质板岩、砂岩、凝灰岩)中的石英脉金矿,矿体均产于北东向背斜轴部,并向两翼延伸形成平行于地层和斜交地层的含金石英脉,明显受构造控制.据此,运用矿床地球化学国家重点实验室的构造地球化学实验装置进行了构造控矿与成矿模拟实验.模拟构造作用的高温高压条件下,岩石、矿石产生变形和破裂及成矿物质活化、迁移和聚集.其所产生变形、破裂,成矿物质以碎粒流和塑性流动方式活化迁移和聚集,充填于裂隙中形成顺层和穿层矿脉的过程;模拟实验结果与该区石英脉金矿成矿特征非常类似.它将为深入研究该区金矿成矿规律及进一步找矿提供科学实验资料和有益信息.     

Isotopic Characterisics and Key Factors Favoring the Formation of Fuwan Superlarge Silver Deposit in Guangdong Province

Rb-Sr isochron age of fluid inclusions in quartz from the Fuwan super-large silver deposit is 68±6 Ma, the silver deposit is characterized by high μ values (10.67-10.95), which are much higher than those of the ore-hosted Paleozoic strata and are close to those of ores hosted in the Proterozoic metamorphic basement in western Guangdong Province. Based on the Pb isotopic characteristics, coupled with much high background silver contents (200-1000 ng/g) in the Proterozoic basement and relatively low silver contents in the Paleozoic strata in the region of the Sanshui Basin, it is concluded that the ore-forming material of the super-large silver deposit came mainly from the old basement. The super-large silver deposit related genetically to the intense volcanic activities during the Upper Cretaceous to Eogene. The formation of the Fuwan super-large silver deposit is controlled by the following favorable geological conditions: (1) The intersection of deep faults and contemporaneous faults at the margin of the Sanshui Basin led to the formation of an excellent structure as passageway for ore fluids; (2) The special ore-hosted rock association forms a ore gathering-trap structure that favors the precipitation of ore; (3) The silver-rich old basement, multi-stage mineralization and multi-episode volcanic activities which constitute a geothermal convection system.     

Isotopic Characteristics and Key Factors Favoring the Formation of Fuwan Super-large Silver Deposit in Guangdong Province

Rb-Sr isochron age of fluid inclusions in quartz from the Fuwan super-large silver deposit is 68 - 6 Ma, the silver deposit is characterized by high μ values (10.67 - 10.95 ), which are much higher than those of the ore-hosted Paleozoic strata and are close to those of ores hosted in the Proterozoic metamorphic basement in western Guangdong Province. Based on the Pb isotopic characteristics, coupled with much high background silver contents (200-1000ng/g) in the Proterozoic basement and relatively low silver contents in the Paleozoic strata in the region of the Sanshui Basin, it is concluded that the ore-forming material of the super-large silver deposit came mainly from the old basement. The super-large silver deposit related genetically to the intense volcanic activities during the Upper Cretaceous to Eogene. The formation of the Fuwan super-large silver deposit is controlled by the following favorable geological conditions : ( 1 ) The intersection of deep faults and contemporaneous faults at the margin of the Sanshui Basin led to the formation of an excellent structure as passageway for ore fluids; (2) The special ore-hosted rock association forms a ore gathering-trap structure that favors the precipitation of ore; (3) The silver-rich old basement, multi-stage mineralization and multi-episode volcanic activities which constitute a geothermal convection system.     

西南“三江”格咱岛弧斑岩成矿系统

西南“三江”格咱岛弧是“三江”古特提斯演化形成的重要地质构造单元,该单元从晚三叠世洋壳俯冲、洋盆关闭转入碰撞及走滑剪切阶段都产生酸性岩体,形成斑岩Cu-Mo-Au矿床,并构成独立的成矿系统.笔者将格咱岛弧成矿作用以三大岩浆活动期次为基础划分为三套成矿系统,即印支期斑岩Cu多金属成矿系统、燕山期斑岩Mo-Cu多金属成矿系统和喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩Au-Mo-Cu多金属成矿系统.本文从成矿时间、成矿物质来源、成矿流体系统和成矿动力学背景等方面详细总结论述了格咱岛弧的三套斑岩成矿系统.同一地区三大成矿系统反映三次地质构造事件,这种构造演化的连续性和成矿对应性使得该带的研究具有重要意义.     

河南桐柏围山城层控金银成矿带同位素地球化学

河南省桐柏山区的围山城金银成矿带包括破山特大型银矿、银洞坡大型金矿、银洞岭大型银多金属矿床及一些矿点,赋矿地层是新元古界歪头山组,矿体产状与地层产状一致,形态呈似层状、鞍状或透镜状,层控特征显著。氢-氧-碳同位素地球化学研究指示早、中阶段的成矿流体主要为变质水,晚阶段有大量大气降水加入成矿流体系统。碳-硫-铅同位素指示成矿物质来自于歪头山组地层;钾-氩同位素表明成矿作用(100~140Ma)发生在秦岭陆陆碰撞造山的高峰期之后碰撞挤压向伸展转变的背景下。综合考虑矿带的成矿流体来源、成矿物质来源以及矿床地质特征,认为围山城成矿带属典型的层控造山型金银成矿系统,形成于中生代扬子与华北板块的陆陆碰撞造山体制。     

南岭泥盆系中层控铅锌黄铁矿矿床特征及其成因系刻

南岭泥盆系中的层控铅锌、黄铁矿矿床,在空间上受层位、岩相和构造位置的控制。不同矿床之间在矿体形态产状、矿石的物质组分、结构构造、微量元素、同位素组成和包裹体特征方面,具有系列演化特点。据此可以将这些矿床分为成岩、成岩-后生、热液叠加和混合热液等四种成因类型。它们是在控制因素相近,成矿物质来源、迁移和就位机制既有联系又逐渐演化的条件下形成的,属于同一矿床成因系列。     

里伍式富铜矿床同位素示踪及其成矿地质意义

笔者在分析江浪变质穹隆成矿地质构造背景、含矿变质岩系以及矿床成矿特征的基础上,采用Si、Pb、S等同位素示踪和Ar-Ar同位素等定年方法,分别对不同类型的矿石进行了同位素示踪,并对改造期形成的团块状矿石进行了定年。笔者通过研究认为,该类型矿床的Si、Pb等成矿物质主要来自于江浪变质穹隆含矿变质岩系;而矿床中的硫则主要来自于该岩性段中前变质的火山物质。同时,根据硫同位素组成在不同矿石类型的分布规律,判断含矿变质岩系曾经历过区域变质作用、成穹过程中所产生的塑性流变和流体作用等,对其进行了强烈的改造,从而形成富铜矿床。     

Lead isotopic systematics for native copperchalcocite mineralization in basaltic lavas of the Emeishan large igneous province, SW China： Implications for the source of copper

The Emeishan continental flood basalt, which is widespread in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces of Southwest China, is the volcanic product of a Permian mantle plume, and native copper-chalcocite mineralization associated with the basalt is very common in the border area of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. The mineralization occurred in the tuff intercalation and terrestrial sedimentary rock intercalation which were formed during the main period of basalt eruption. The orebodies are controlled by the stratigraphic position and faults. Metal ore minerals in the ores are mainly native copper, chalcocite and tenorite, with small amounts of chalcopyrite, bomite, pyrite and malachite, and sometimes with large amounts of bitumen, carbon and plant debris. Several decades of ore deposits are distributed in the neighboring areas of the two provinces, while most of them are small-scale deposits or only ore occurrences. By comparing the lead isotopic composition of the ores with that of the wall-rocks, cover and basement rocks of various periods, the source of copper in this type of ore deposits was studied in this paper. The results showed that: (1) The Pb isotopic composition of the ores from ten deposits is absolutely different from that of sili-ceous-argillaceus rocks of the Upper Permian Xuanwei Formation, limestones of the Lower Permian Series and Carboniferous, Cambrian sandstone-shale and recta-sedimentary rock and dolomite from the upper part of the Meso-Proterozoic Kunyang Group, This indicates that ore lead was derived neither from the cover rock nor from the basement rocks; (2) Although the Neo-Proterozoic Siman dolomite and silicalite, and dolomite in the lower part of the Kunyang Group are similar in Pb isotopic composition to the ores, lead and copper contents in these rocks are very low and they have not made great contributions to copper mineralization; (3) The ores have the same Pb iso-topic composition as the basalt, the latter being enriched in copper. These facts indicate that lead and copper were derived from the basalt. According to the regional geological data and the geological-geochemical characteristics of the ore deposits, it is suggested that ore-forming materials were leached out from the basalt. The thickness and buried depth of the basalt and regional tectonic dynamics can affect the formation of large-scale copper deposits. Therefore, exploration for this type of ore deposits should be conducted in the areas from western Yunnan to western Sichuan, where there are developed basalts of great thickness, with extensive tectonic movement and magmatic activity.     

地质力学在矿田构造研究中的应用与进展

本文介绍了地质力学在矿田构造研究中的应用成果和进展,内容主要包括八个方面:(一)构造动力作用下岩石矿物形变相变与元素聚散的关系;(二)构造动力成岩成矿;(三)同成矿构造体系及其控岩控矿作用;(四)构造体系控岩控矿规律;(五)构造地球化学;(六)构造应力场控矿规律及模拟实验;(七)控矿构造模式;(八)成矿预测。实践证明,地质力学理论和方法在矿田构造中有所创新和发展,在许多应用领域取得了良好的效果,进一步显示出地质力学在矿田构造研究中的旺盛生命力。      

青城子层状/脉状铅锌矿床稀土元素地球化学特征及地质意义

位处华北板块北缘东段的辽吉裂谷带内发育有多处中、小型铅锌矿床,其中,同时发育层状和脉状铅锌矿的青城子矿床是典型的代表。为了探讨青城子层状铅锌矿和脉状铅锌矿矿质来源及成因的异同及其所代表的地质意义,利用ICP-MS对层状铅锌矿及其围岩、脉状铅锌矿及其围岩和后期穿矿脉岩进行了稀土元素测试。结果表明,所有样品均具有轻稀土元素（LREE）富集和明显分异的特点。层状铅锌矿及其围岩具有Eu正异常和较弱的Ce负异常,表明其成矿物质均来自上升的深部热水流体与海水的混合热液,在高温、还原流体和海水的参与下成矿。脉状铅锌矿及其围岩稀土元素配分模式与层状铅锌矿及其围岩相似,但其Eu为负异常和Ce异常不明显,部分样品出现较弱的Ce正异常,对比分析穿矿脉岩明显的Eu负异常和Ce正异常以及二者稀土元素总量稍大于层状铅锌矿的特点,文章认为青城子层状矿石为沉积成矿,成矿热液为深部热水流体与海水的混合热液,但后期受到岩浆侵入叠加改造的影响而在局部形成脉状铅锌矿体,引起了Eu负异常和局部Ce正异常的出现以及稀土元素总量的增加。     

超大型金矿床成矿流体某些特征及其找矿

具有重要意义的金─石英脉型矿床可作为研究超大型金矿床成矿流体特征及其找矿问题的良好实例。研究和对比分析表明：（１）在超大型和非超大型金─石英脉型矿床间,在成矿流体包裹体方面尚未发现有意义的区别。似乎不存在能形成上述类型的超大型金矿的任何独特流体。（２）有利的大地构造和区域地质背景,良好的导矿、配矿和容矿构造,适宜的围岩,丰富的成矿物质,大量富含ＣＯ＿２的流体活动,多期、多次、多成因的地质作用的叠加,强烈而又广泛的围岩蚀变是形成某些内生超大型金矿的必要条件。系统扎实的基础地质工作、先进的科学手段和物化等方法的综合运用以及宏观和微观的结合对寻找超大型金矿十分必要。     

Analysis of the Achievments in Tectonic Dynamopetrologenic and Dynamo—metallogenic Simulating Experiments and Their Geological Significance

Under the action of tectonic stress ore fluids carrying ore-forming materials can migrate from a higher stress district to a lower one.This is a fact which has been widely accepted by geological cir-cles.However,can the components migrate in solid rocks under the action of stress?This problem has long attracted the attention of many geologists.The author has made a series of simulating experi-tal system.The results show that mylonite was produced as a consequence of shear flowage deformation in dolomite .The contents of the elements in porphyryclast and flowage deformation matrix were analyzed by means of electron microprobe,and the results show that Pb and Zn are obvi-ously concentrated in the shear-flowage deformation zone.Furthermore,Pb is concentrated in its cen-tre while Zn is concentrated on its margins .Newly-formed micro-grained galena can be detected locally.     

乐华—德兴成矿带成矿作用研究的进展,问题及展望

赣东北乐华－德兴成矿带位于江南地块东南缘,带内有超大型的德兴斑岩铜矿床,金山金矿床,银山多金属矿床以及许多中小型矿床,其中铜储量和伴生金储分别占全国的１７．５％和３７％,深入研究乐华－德兴成矿带内典型矿床和区域成矿作用,对深刻揭示大型－超大型矿床的成因矿床分带的形成机理以及发展中国的金属成矿学理论等都有重要意义,本文讨论了近年来对该成矿带成矿作用的研究进展,存在问题,并对研究前景作了展望。     

Fluid Inclusions of Orogenic Gold Deposits in the Zhongchuan Area,Western Qinling and Their Geological Significance

Orogenically-derived gold deposits of the Zhongchuan area in the western Qinling are distributed in the exo-contact thermal metamorphic zone. The country rocks hosting the deposits are predominantly of Devonian age with low-grade metamorphism and strong deformation with the ore deposits directly controlled by multi-level tectonic systems. Three types of inclusions from these deposits have been recognized: CO2-H2O, CO2-rich, and aqueous. The ore-forming fluids were mainly CO2-NaCl-H2O type characterized by rich CO2, low salinity, high temperature and immiscibility. Incorporated with earlier isotopic data, the regional geological setting and features of diagenesis and metallogeny, it can be concluded that the ore-forming fluids were derived from deep magma and mixed with meteoric and metamorphic water. The deposits formed during an intra-continent collisional orogeny, and some of the materials derived from the deep might have been involved in the ore-forming process.     

黔东南锦屏金矿成矿模式的模拟实验

利用中国科学院地球化学研究所矿床地球化学国家重点实验室的实验设备对黔东南锦屏金矿进行了成矿模式的模拟实验。通过剪切实验,变形、破裂实验,成矿物质活化、迁移实验,成矿模式模拟实验和多次应力实验,获得了成矿物质以碎粒流和塑性流动的方式顺层及穿层充填并在褶曲核部富集的结果,多次应力实验使成矿物质叠加富集。实验结果初步证实了锦屏石英脉金矿的成矿模式,为该区构造控制金矿提供了重要的实验资料,也为今后研究该区金矿的成矿规律和找矿提供了有益的信息。     

溆浦地区脉金矿地球化学特征

岩、矿石物质成分的交换和转移特征可为成矿作用机理提供信息。区域、矿区及矿化蚀变带岩石化学成分、微量元素、稀土元素及氧、硫同位素组成研究表明:溆浦地区脉金矿成矿流体为变质热液,成矿物质来源于地层。在变质分异和成矿化学分异作用下,成矿流体溶解地层中的成矿物质,经扩散、渗滤等方式运移到构造有利部位沉淀成矿。     

鲁西归来庄金矿田燕山期金成矿系统及成矿模式

鲁西归来庄金矿田是中国东部最重要的富碲型金矿田之一,也是鲁西地区迄今唯一的特大型金矿田。矿田中各金矿床受铜石潜火山穹隆控制,产出于不同深度、不同地质构造部位、不同的地质体中,矿化类型多样,但它们的形成环境、成矿地质背景、成矿作用特征总体一致:①归来庄金矿田是一个主要由前寒武纪基底岩石和早古生代碳酸盐岩盖层组成、中生代构造–岩浆作用较为发育的内生中低温热液金矿集区;②燕甘断裂是郯庐断裂带派生构造,控制着区内地层、岩浆岩、次级构造及金矿床/点的展布;燕甘断裂的次级断裂、潜火山穹隆的放射状、环状构造是矿液运移和沉淀聚集的良好场所;③金矿化以隐爆角砾岩型、镁质碳酸盐岩微细浸染型、斑岩型、矽卡岩叠加型及破碎带蚀变岩型为主,矿石普遍发育浸染状、细脉浸染状、网脉状、团块状和块状构造,反映其形成于岩浆期后热液环境;④具有碲与金超常富集共存的显著特征,金属矿物除常见的自然金、银金矿外,另有含碲矿物碲铜金矿、碲金银矿、碲银矿、碲金矿等;⑤早侏罗世中偏碱性岩浆侵位初步启动了该区的金成矿过程,为早白垩世的中碱性岩浆活动提供了母岩和成矿物质来源,早白垩世可能是鲁西归来庄金矿田的主要成矿时期;⑥成矿流体具有低温、低盐度特征,同位素特征具有多来源性,以岩浆水和大气降水为主,并有少量变质水的参与;⑦在成矿热液中可能是Au与Te、S结合生成可搬运的配合物进行运移;成矿热液中有较高的碲逸度,在中低温条件下碲易置换硫而进入硫化物晶格,在高碲逸度的条件下碲则易与Au、Ag、Pb等元素形成碲化物而参与成矿。这种区域上成矿特征表现出的一致性,表明鲁西归来庄地区中生代大规模金成矿作用受控于统一的地质事件,可划归为一个统一的潜火山中—低温热液金成矿系统。      

我国前寒武纪非金属矿产的分布及其特征

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