燕山北部崇礼-隆化-阜新构造带形变特征及其控矿作用

崇礼-隆化-阜新构造带是燕山北部重要的控岩控矿构造。晚华力西期-印支期,该构造带以韧性剪切变形为主,形成一系列近EW向断续分布的韧性剪切带。燕山期,该构造带以韧脆性-脆性断裂变形为主,在早期韧性剪切变形的基础上叠加一系列同方向的高角度压性-压扭性逆冲断裂。喜马拉雅期,该构造带仍有一定的继承性活动,以张扭性-扭性断裂活动为主。
崇礼-隆化-阜新构造带对金矿化分布有明显的制约作用。在空间上,该构造带控制了张家口-隆化-阜新金矿带及其中5个金矿化集中区的展布;在时间上,该构造带不同类型的形变伴有不同类型的金矿化。该构造带与NE向、NW向断裂带的复合部位是金矿成矿的有利部位.      

煤体脆—韧性变形微观识别标志

以煤体的光学显微镜和扫描电镜观测为主,结合手标本和井下宏观观测,以华北西部部分矿区的主要煤层为研究对象,研究了煤体的脆-韧性变形标志,发现煤体在构造应力的作用下先后经历了脆性、脆—韧性和韧性变形阶段。脆性变形阶段以煤体破裂为主要特征,初期以格里菲斯裂隙为主,后期以剪性裂隙为主,偶尔见张性裂隙。处于脆-韧性变形阶段的煤体脆性和韧性变形的标志共存。典型韧性变形主要集中在糜棱煤中。岩石中发现的韧性变形标志在煤体中,除了重结晶现象,几乎都存在。      

宁陕断裂带韧性剪切变形终点——来自龙脖子剪切带活动时代的限定

南秦岭宁陕断裂镇安段北缘的龙脖子剪切带记录了宁陕断裂带左行走滑韧性剪切变形过程。带内3类石英脉体和方解石脉体的ESR年龄分别为125.6～88.7Ma、56.7～32.9Ma和19.8～14.6Ma。其中第一类产出于构造片理和A型褶皱核部的石英脉体,代表左行走滑韧性剪切变形结束、脆性构造活跃的时代。研究表明,宁陕左行走滑剪切带在晚三叠世早期开始活动,且可能持续到早—中侏罗世。第一类脉体年龄的确定表明,宁陕断裂带左行走滑韧性剪切变形最晚可持续到早白垩世;晚白垩世—始新世,宁陕断裂带以伸展-走滑脆性或韧-脆性剪切变形为主。因此,早白垩世是宁陕断裂带韧性剪切变形向脆性剪切变形转换的关键时期。宁陕断裂带经历了晚三叠世—中侏罗世晚期快速冷却阶段、晚侏罗世—白垩纪缓慢冷却阶段和古近纪以来快速冷却阶段。宁陕断裂带在缓慢冷却晚期(早白垩世)实现韧性剪切变形向脆性剪切变形转换说明,早白垩世也是秦岭造山带陆内变形机制转变的关键时期。     

“彭灌杂岩”推覆体的构造变形特征

位于龙门山中段的“彭灌杂岩”推覆体，主要由中晚元古代的二长花岗岩、英云间长岩、钾长花岗岩、辉长岩等组成，用颗粒锆石法测其年龄值为６９９—８５９Ｍａ。该推覆体的推覆面（映秀断裂）为脆－韧性变形，且以脆性变形为主的逆冲推覆断裂，并且有走滑性质。推覆体内部早期为韧性变形，叠加晚期脆性改造，其断裂呈叠瓦状排列，中后部以韧脆性变形为主，至前部脆性变形增强，总体为一个由众多岩片叠置而成的韧脆性冲断推覆体。     

胶东东部米山断裂变形带应力应变分析及其控矿特征研究

米山断裂是一多期变形的断裂。早期以韧性变形为主，后期以脆性变形为主，断裂变形具有准对称性，西盘变形强度大于东盘变形强度，变形强度决定了断裂带的蚀变及矿化特点。蚀变的分带结构与断裂的不同的矿化特征都与断裂的变形有关。因此，米山断裂的成生与发展，对胶东东部的成岩成矿具有重要作用，它控制了燕山早期花岗岩的侵入。韧性变形作用是金矿成矿的必要条件。     

米山断裂构造变形特征及其意义

米山断裂是一多期变形断裂，早期以韧性变形为主，后期以脆性变形为主，断裂变形具有准对称性，西盘变形强度大于东盘。变形强度决定了断裂带的蚀变及矿化特点，蚀变的分带结构与断裂的不同矿化特征都与断裂的变形有关，因此米山断裂的生成与发展，对胶东东部的成岩成矿具有重要作用，它控制了燕山早期花岗岩的侵入，韧性变形作用是金矿成矿的必要条件。     

滇中小水井金矿床控矿构造与矿化富集规律

构造控矿是小水井金矿床的主要特点,本文通过对矿床控矿构造空间形态、构造岩分带、活动期次、力学性质、矿床构造类型的研究,认为小水井金矿床受控于区域三级断裂(F3),其内更次级的断层、剪切裂隙破碎带、层间破碎带控制了矿体的空间产出位置;矿床控矿构造类型为脆-韧性剪切断裂构造,构造破碎带起码经历了三期应力作用的改造,早期为压扭性韧性剪切变形,中、晚期为张扭性脆-韧性剪切变形,后期为脆性剪切作用—形成碎裂状岩石;矿床金矿化作用主要与中、晚期的脆-韧性剪切变形作用有关,发生在脆-韧性剪切变形阶段或稍晚。进而总结了金矿化富集规律,指出在断裂产状变化地段、不同方向断层交切附近、破碎带的膨大部位,是厚大透镜状矿体富集的有利空间;破碎带变窄地段,矿体变薄、尖灭,形成脉状矿体。     

中天山东部南北两缘韧性剪切带变形特征

(1)中天山北缘韧性剪切带除右旋韧剪变形之外,还发育相对较弱的左旋韧剪变形,局部残留加里东晚期的逆冲推覆韧剪变形;右旋韧剪变形的变形温度环境为中-低温,左旋韧剪变形的变形温度环境为高温、中温、中低温及低温。(2)中天山南缘韧性剪切带以右旋韧剪变形为主,兼具左旋韧剪变形;右旋韧剪变形的变形温度环境为中温、中低温、低温,左旋韧剪变形的变形温度环境为高温、中温、中低温及低温。(3)东天山存在一系列右旋韧性剪切带,中天山南北两缘韧性剪切带的构造变形与辛格尔断裂、兴地断裂等右旋韧性剪切带的变形以及塔里木北缘东部晚震旦—早古生代地层的同劈理褶皱变形、南天山泥盆纪地层的变形可能具成因联系。     

米仓山构造带的应变与涡度分析

米仓山构造带东西向的断裂逆冲兼左旋走滑,西段的韧性变形较强,东段脆性为主。北东向三个主断裂带由北而南逆冲兼左行剪切,早期可能发生脆韧性变形,后期叠加了脆性变形。前震旦系基底岩系变形特征主要表现为透入性流变,碎斑结构和糜棱结构发育,镶嵌构造、S-C组构、带状构造、眼球构造为主,局部偶见"δ"和"σ"旋转碎斑以及矿物鱼。石英颗粒以亚颗粒旋转动态重结晶为主。显微特征反映岩石变形温度相当于绿片岩相。利用Fry法测定石英颗粒三维应变应变强度集中在1.35～1.60之间,显示出从北到南逐渐增强的趋势。Flinn指数K和Nadei-Hossack图解均表明应变类型为近似平面应变的拉长型。运动学涡度分析表明米仓山应变以简单剪切变形作用为主,具有由南向北递增趋势。     

胶东焦家断裂蚀变岩带韧-脆性变形定量化研究

焦家断裂带位于胶东西北部,产出焦家、新城、寺庄等超大型、大型"焦家式"金矿,与脆韧性变形构造有关。但是关于韧脆性变形的研究尚需要加强,缺乏脆性韧性断裂定量化的测量与研究。文中用穿过焦家断裂蚀变带的1 800多m的钻孔岩心为对象,对焦家断裂下盘蚀变花岗岩区开展观测分析。经过岩石学矿物学定量化研究确定蚀变分带为,黄铁绢英岩质碎裂岩带、强钾长石化花岗质蚀变岩带、弱钾长石化花岗岩带和未蚀变黑云母二长花岗岩带。其相应特征是:黄铁绢英岩带宽35.7m,岩石变形总量和韧/脆性变形比率依次为75%~85%和0.07,以脆性变形为主,矿化蚀变作用强烈;强钾化花岗质蚀变岩带宽10.6m,其变形总量和韧/脆性变形比例为75%~80%,0.78,以韧脆性变形为主,矿化蚀变作用变弱;弱钾长石化花岗岩带宽76.92m,其变形量和韧/脆性变形比为45%~55%,1.75,以韧性变形为主,几乎不发生矿化。总体来说,主裂面以脆性变形为主,远离主裂面韧性变形为主,矿化主要产于脆性与韧脆性变形转换带,即黄铁绢英岩碎裂岩与强钾化蚀变岩过渡带。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861