国际地理信息产业内涵与分类研究综述

通过研究国际地理信息产业的相关表达,对国际地理信息产业内涵进行了综述。在此基础上,分析了国际市场研究机构对地理信息产业及相关产业分支的研究范围和相关产值规模,为我国地理信息产业内涵研究和分类方法的确定提供参考。     

我国地理信息产业现状分析

本文在对我国地理信息产业规模、主体、技术、人才等方面进行调查的基础上,分析了我国地理信息产业发展的总体现状,研究了我国地理信息产业发展的主要动力和发展方向,从基础地理信息资源、地理信息产权、市场机制、安全保密等方面指出了我国地理信息产业发展亟待解决的几个问题。     

五大特征·五大问题·五大趋势——当前我国地理信息产业发展态势

到"十一五"末,我国地理信息产业相关单位已近2万家,从业人员超过40万人,2011年末总产值近1500亿元人民币,"十一五"期间年均增长率超过25％,"十二五"末产值预计可超过2000亿元. 当前产业呈现五大特征 根据国家测绘地理信息局发展研究中心2011年开展的产业抽样调查数据分析,我国地理信息产业现阶段主要呈现出以下一些特征. 特征一:需求旺盛、市场繁荣. 当前,我国各领域各方面对测绘地理信息服务的需求越来越旺盛,城市规划建设、资源环境管理、工程勘测设计等领域对地理信息技术、产品和服务的需求旺盛,各个行业和地方的信息化建设对地理信息提出迫切需求;政府决策、公共应急、节能减排等领域对测绘地理信息保障服务提出了新的需要,在应对气候变化、发展低碳经济、构建低碳社会方面,地理信息产业面临巨大的发展机遇.     

地理信息的安全特征综述

当前,地理信息已经成为一种重要的信息资源,具有基础性和战略性的特征,其中一些含有政治、军事和经济等敏感信息。地理信息又是一种商品,具有流通性、共享性和公益性等特征。地理信息产业已经成为新的经济增长点,如何平衡地理信息的安全和共享应用出现的矛盾,已越来越受到普遍关注。地理信息的安全特征是地理信息安全理论的基本问题,也是建立地理信息安全政策和安全保障体系的重要依据,本文对此进行了探讨和综述,以期促进地理信息安全和共享应用。     

关于赴欧参加国际会议的情况报告

由中华海外地理信息科学协会(CPGIS)和瑞典耶夫勒大学等单位主办的第12届地理信息工程国际研讨会于2004年6月7日至9日在瑞典耶夫勒举行。经批准,中国地理信息系统协会(简称“中国GIS协会”)与国家测绘局国际合作司联合组团赴瑞典参会并顺访了丹麦、奥地利等有关国家的测绘教育部门和地理信息产业单位。代表团一行27人,在外进行了为期12天的参观访问。现就有关情况分别报告如下。1第12届国际地理信息科学学术会议情况     

深圳市地理信息产业政策研究及建议

深圳市2014年地理信息产业调查估算产值为50-60亿元,产业发展潜力具有很大的挖掘空间。有效的产业政策可以促进产业发展。为加快深圳地理信息产业发展,本文在对深圳市现有地理信息产业政策体系进行全面梳理和政策问题分析的基础上,开展促进深圳市地理信息发展的产业政策研究,提出深圳市地理信息产业优先发展方向、领域,并基于地理信息产业政策研究理论框架,给出具有针对性的政策完善建议。     

美国促进地理信息劳动力发展的举措与启示

在全面介绍美国地理信息技术能力素质模型（ GTCM ）、地理信息职业、地理信息课程培训和认证体系的基础上,提出了要研究制定我国地理信息职业能力标准、新增地理信息职业类型、充分参考和利用GTCM模型、建立人才交流平台、加强地理信息劳动力调查研究,以促进我国地理信息劳动力和产业发展。     

关注! 新概念

<正>地理国情与地理信息的区别▋地理国情虽然来源于地理信息,但是,相比一般的地理信息,地理国情信息具有特定的空间范围、覆盖面广、综合性强、动态性等特点。地理国情是一定区域内各类地理信息的综合集成。一些常见的地理信息,如位置、高程、深度、面积、长度等,反映了某一方面的信息,多是单一的、离散的。相比之下,地理国情则是一定区域内各种地理信息与非地理(人口、经济、社会等)信息的整合与分析的结果。     

加快测绘地理信息事业转型升级的思考

分析大数据时代加快推动测绘地理信息事业转型升级的必要性,探讨了测绘地理信息事业发展面临的机遇和挑战,提出了重构测绘地理信息生产关系、打造测绘地理信息时空传感网、建设中国地理信息云、推动地理信息产业跨界发展等对策建议。     

对发展我国地理信息产业的若干建议

本文从地理信息产业的基本概念和特点出发,阐述了我国目前地理信息产业发展的现状和存在的主要问题,并提出加强地理信息市场监管,促进地理信息产业发展的若干建议和意见。     

Geospatial data infrastructure for sustainable development in sub-Saharan countries

Abstract

People are now using geoinformation for many different purposes and consequently one can confidently say that the need for geospatial data infrastructure (GDI) cannot be overstated in sub-Saharan Africa. Geospatial information (GI) is essential to socio-economic planning and development of sub-Sahara African countries. This paper therefore examines: GI during the last centuries in sub-Sahara Africa; recent paradigms in GDI in sub-Sahara Africa; the benefit of GDI to the African economy and the future of GDI in sub-Sahara Africa. This study discovered that most countries in sub-Saharan Africa did not have timely access to accurate geospatial data throughout the last centuries. This significantly hindered meaningful social and economic development. Development of GDI nonetheless, will enhance search and retrieval of geospatial data in Africa. This is one of the benefits that can be derived from implementing GDI in sub-Sahara Africa. Therefore, it is necessary to review cadastral survey laws and regulations so as to incorporate the use of recent geospatial equipment.     

关于空间数据质量标准的若干问题

引入空间数据质量维的概念,在比较分析几个标准化组织提出的空间数据质量内容组成的基础上,结合我国的特点和现实要求,提出了一套可供参考的空间数据质量元素和子元素。分析了空间数据质量的3种评价模式,并将ISO/TC211的加权平均法和我国的缺陷扣分法结合,提出了基于加权平均的缺陷扣分评价方法,给出了这种方法的实现流程。     

Crowdsourcing geospatial data

In this paper we review recent developments of crowdsourcing geospatial data. While traditional mapping is nearly exclusively coordinated and often also carried out by large organisations, crowdsourcing geospatial data refers to generating a map using informal social networks and web 2.0 technology. Key differences are the fact that users lacking formal training in map making create the geospatial data themselves rather than relying on professional services; that potentially very large user groups collaborate voluntarily and often without financial compensation with the result that at a very low monetary cost open datasets become available and that mapping and change detection occur in real time. This situation is similar to that found in the Open Source software environment.We shortly explain the basic technology needed for crowdsourcing geospatial data, discuss the underlying concepts including quality issues and give some examples for this novel way of generating geospatial data. We also point at applications where alternatives do not exist such as life traffic information systems. Finally we explore the future of crowdsourcing geospatial data and give some concluding remarks.     

Multidimensional and quantitative interlinking approach for Linked Geospatial Data

ABSTRACT

Linked Data is known as one of the best solutions for multisource and heterogeneous web data integration and discovery in this era of Big Data. However, data interlinking, which is the most valuable contribution of Linked Data, remains incomplete and inaccurate. This study proposes a multidimensional and quantitative interlinking approach for Linked Data in the geospatial domain. According to the characteristics and roles of geospatial data in data discovery, eight elementary data characteristics are adopted as data interlinking types. These elementary characteristics are further combined to form compound and overall data interlinking types. Each data interlinking type possesses one specific predicate to indicate the actual relationship of Linked Data and uses data similarity to represent the correlation degree quantitatively. Therefore, geospatial data interlinking can be expressed by a directed edge associated with a relation predicate and a similarity value. The approach transforms existing simple and qualitative geospatial data interlinking into complete and quantitative interlinking and promotes the establishment of high-quality and trusted Linked Geospatial Data. The approach is applied to build data intra-links in the Chinese National Earth System Scientific Data Sharing Network (NSTI-GEO) and data -links in NSTI-GEO with the Chinese Meteorological Data Network and National Population and Health Scientific Data Sharing Platform.     

地理空间元数据和基于网络的数据分发技术

首先介绍了元数据、地理空间元数据的概念，探讨了在互联网时代研究地理空间元数据的迫切性和必要性；其次，论述了构建基于网络的数据分发方案的可行性，并就其中的关键技术实现做了深入的探讨；最后，提出了一个以地理空间元数据标准为依据，以Internet为依托的数据分发站点的整体设计方案以及实现这项技术还应考虑的问题。     

地理空间数据资源共享交换平台建设初探

地理空间数据资源是国家重要的信息资源和战略资源,利用基础地理空间信息数据,集成和整合与地理空间位置有关的社会经济发展需要的信息数据对推进信息化建设、防止"信息孤岛"及重复投入具有十分重要的意义。本文论述了新疆地理空间数据资源共享交换平台的初期建设情况,通过该平台的建设可以实现全疆地理空间数据资源的跨部门共享交换和开发利用,对于加快新疆地理空间数据资源开放共享机制建立健全的步伐有积极作用。     

基于地理信息分析城镇化进程对土地利用的影响及建议——以厦门市辖区为例

以厦门市辖区为例,通过对多个时段的地理空间和遥感影像数据进行信息提取,结合相应时段的人口、经济统计资料,应用GIS技术手段,分析厦门市城镇化进程中对土地利用变化的影响,进而提出一些解决城镇化进程中如何节约、集约利用土地的相关建议。     

Spatio-temporal evaluation matrices for geospatial data

The global geospatial community is investing substantial effort in providing tools for geospatial data-quality information analysis and systematizing the criteria for geospatial data quality. The importance of these activities is increasing, especially in the last decade, which has witnessed an enormous expansion of geospatial data use in general and especially among mass users. Although geospatial data producers are striving to define and present data-quality standards to users and users increasingly need to assess the fitness for use of the data, the success of these activities is still far from what is expected or required. As a consequence, neglect or misunderstanding of data quality among users results in misuse or risks. This paper presents an aid in spatio-temporal quality evaluation through the use of spatio-temporal evaluation matrices (STEM) and the index of spatio-temporal anticipations (INSTANT) matrices. With the help of these two simple tools, geospatial data producers can systematically categorize and visualize the granularity of their spatio-temporal data, and users can present their requirements in the same way using business intelligence principles and a Web 2.0 approach. The basic principles and some examples are presented in the paper, and potential further applied research activities are briefly described.