12种射电爆发及其辐射机制

系统地研究了太阳活动区上空闭合磁场域和开放磁场域俘获的高能电子的运动特性,所产生的自然波属性及观测特性,探讨了１２种射电爆发的辐射机制。     

太阳运动IV型射电爆发的相干辐射模型

为解释太阳运动IV型射电爆发的相干辐射机制提出一个理论模型．从耀斑中产生的高能电子，可以被扩展上升的太阳磁流管俘获．在磁流管顶部，这些高能电子的速度分布形成为类束流速度分布，激发束流等离子体的不稳定性，并且主要直接放大O模电磁波．不稳定性增长率敏锐地依赖了日冕等离子体参数，fpe／fce和射束温度Tb，这能定性解释在太阳运动IV型射电爆发中观测到的高亮温度和高偏振度，以及宽频谱的特性．     

太阳射电爆发现象中的电子回旋脉泽辐射

太阳射电爆发(Solar Radio Burst, SRB)是太阳高能电子与背景等离子体相互作用产生的感应辐射现象,其多样的动力学谱类型及其复杂的精细结构反映了辐射源区磁等离子体结构状态丰富的物理信息,而相关辐射机制则是解读相关物理信息的关键工具.长期以来,在SRB辐射机制的研究中一直存在着争议不决的两种主要机制,即等离子体辐射机制和电子回旋脉泽(Electron Cyclotron Maser, ECM)辐射机制.近年来,针对传统的ECM辐射机制应用到SRB现象时遇到的一些主要困难,发展了由幂律谱电子低能截止驱动和包含快电子束自生阿尔文波效应的新型ECM驱动模型,并成功应用于解释各类不同SRB动力学谱的形成机制.基于这些新型的ECM辐射模型,系统地总结了ECM辐射机制在各种不同类型SRB现象中的应用,并对它们不同动力学谱结构的形成给出了一致统一的物理解释.     

太阳运动Ⅳ型射电爆发的相干辐射模型

为解释太阳运动Ⅳ型射电爆发的相干辐射机制提出一个理论模型.从耀斑中产生的高能电子,可以被扩展上升的太阳磁流管俘获.在磁流管顶部,这些高能电子的速度分布形成为类束流速度分布,激发柬流等离子体的不稳定性,并且主要直接放大O模电磁波.不稳定性增长率敏锐地依赖了日冕等离子体参数fpe/fce和射束温度Tb,这能定性解释在太阳运动Ⅳ型射电爆发中观测到的高亮温度和高偏振度,以及宽频谱的特性.     

射电脉冲星的相干辐射机制

With the framework of the pulsar cap model for the pulsar, three possible coherent emission mechanisms for radio pulsars are briefly discussed. These are coherent curvature emission, relativistic plasma emission, and linear acceleration emission, respectively.     

太阳射电分米波尖峰辐射和米波射电爆发

本文分析了云南天文台四波段快速采样射电望远镜在1990年1月至1991年3月间记录到的毫秒级尖峰辐射事件。结合此期间S.G.D.公布的米波射电大爆发资料,给出了毫秒级尖峰辐射的各种特征,总结出毫秒级尖峰辐射同Ⅲ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型太阳射电爆发的关系,最后做出了相应的解释和讨论。     

太阳射电微波爆发及其精细结构研究进展

太阳射电微波爆发携带着爆发源区的物理环境及辐射机制等诸多重要信息。其辐射频段较高，通常来自低日冕磁重联区，尤其是微波爆发的精细结构，持续时间短、变化快、结构复杂，可以反映重联过程复杂的磁场结构、高能粒子运动等许多特征。综述了太阳微波射电爆发分类研究的3个主要阶段，介绍了每一阶段的重要爆发类型、物理机制研究及相应的观测设备，讨论了进一步研究的方向。     

射电脉冲星的磁层与辐射机制理论

在本文中简介强磁场中一些特殊理过程的特性，在此基础上综述了射电脉冲星的磁层与辐射机理理论。关于磁层，主要由ＧＪ模型了发，从斜转子磁层、加速区机制及回路问题三方面总结前人对磁层问题的认识。     

太阳射电米波毫秒快速尖峰辐射事件的统计分析

统计分析了云南天文台声光频谱仪在２２周峰年期间记录到的米波尖锋事件与光学活动及相关事件的关系。从它们的观测特征：短寿命,窄频带,频带快速漂移,及尖峰事件与磁结构复杂的大黑子活动区密切相关等,认为这些事件的辐射机制可能是电子回旋脉泽不稳定直接放大电磁波所致。     

AR6659光球色球的磁场速度场的演化特征及其与大耀斑的关系

ＡＲ６６５９是２２周以来最重要的一个活动区，它爆发了２２周最强大的高能事件。本文用云南天文台的光球、色球精细结构照片和北京天文台怀柔站的磁场速度场资料，分析了该活动区磁场速度场的二维位形和大耀斑期间的演化特征。本文分析的４个大耀斑均爆发在中性线附近的Ｎ极区磁场梯度大的地方及色球速度场的红移区。偏带观测也显示耀斑物质是向红端移动的。耀斑波沿横场传播在离本黑子群几万至十几万公里的地方激起感生耀斑，在原生耀斑与感生耀斑之间往往有耀斑环相连。此外，本文还从演化特征出发分析了耀斑爆发前活动区等离子体的宏观不稳定性。     

Resonant Transition Radiation and Solar Radio Bursts

This paper presents general relations for the intensity of the resonant transition radiation (RTR) and their detailed analysis. This analysis shows that the spectrum amplitude of the x-mode at some frequencies for high-energy electrons can grow with the magnetic field increase in some interval from zero value; it can even dominate over that for the o-mode. With further magnetic field increase, the intensity of the RTR x-mode decreases in comparison with the intensity of the o-mode and this decrease is higher for higher velocities of energetic electrons. The polarization of the RTR depends on the velocity of energetic electrons, too. For velocities lower than some velocity limit v<v _i the RTR emission is unpolarized in a broad interval of magnetic field intensities in the radio source. For reasonable values of indices of the power-law distribution functions of energetic electrons, the RTR is broadband in frequencies (df/f≈0.2−0.4). Furthermore, we show various dependencies of the RTR and its spectral characteristics. Assuming the same radio flux of the transition radiation and the gyro-synchrotron one at the Razin frequency, we estimate the limit magnetic field in the radio source of the transition radiation. Then, we analyze possible sources of small-scale inhomogeneities (thermal density fluctuations, Langmuir and ion-sound waves), which are necessary for the transition radiation. Although the small-scale inhomogeneities connected with the Langmuir waves lead to the plasma radiation, which is essentially stronger than RTR, the inhomogeneities of the ion-sound waves are suitable for the RTR without any other radiation. We present the relations describing the RTR for anisotropic distribution functions of fast electrons. We consider the distribution functions of fast electrons in the form of the Legendre polynomials which depend on the pitch-angle. We analyze the influence of the degree of the anisotropy (an increase of the number of terms in the Legendre polynomial) on spectral characteristics of the RTR. A comparison with previous studies is made. As an example of the use of the derived formulas for the RTR, the 24 December 1991 event is studied. It is shown that the observed decimetric burst can be generated by the RTR in the plasma with the density inhomogeneities at the level 〈ΔN ²〉/N ²=2.5⋅10⁻⁵.     

确定太阳横向磁场方位角的综合方法

本文分析了现有几种常用的确定太阳磁场横向分量方位角的方法，如势场法，Ｋｒａｌｌ法、吴－艾法和＂方位角连续＂法，作者认为这些方法各有不同的适用范围，其中任何一种方法都不能单独确定太阳横向磁场。在此分析的基础上，提出了确定太阳横向磁场方位角的综合方法。该法的要点是：用势场法和Ｋｒａｌｌ法分别处理同一磁场观测资料，比较这两种方法所得到的横场分布图，找出它们的相同区域和有差别区域。从相同区域出发，利用＂无力因子相近＂假定，可以推断有差异区域的横场方位角。本文提供的应用实例初步显示了综合方法的有效性。     

Scaling-laws of Radio Spike Bursts and Their Constraints on New Solar Radio Telescopestwo

Radio observation is one of important methods in solar physics and space science. Sometimes, it is almost the sole approach to observe the physical processes such as the acceleration, emission, and propagation of non-thermal energetic particles, etc. So far, more than 100 solar radio telescopes have been built in the world, including solar radiometers, dynamic spectrometers, and radioheliographs. Some of them have been closed after the fulfillment of their primary scientific objectives, or for their malfunctions, and thus replaced by other advanced instruments. At the same time, based on some new technologies and scientific ideas, various kinds of new and much more complicated solar radio telescopes are being constructed by solar radio astronomers and space scientists, such as the American E-OVSA and the solar radio observing system under the framework of Chinese Meridian Project II, etc. When we plan to develop a new solar radio telescope, it is crucial to design the most suitable technical parameters, e.g., the observing frequency range and bandwidth, temporal resolution, frequency resolution, spatial resolution, polarization degree, and dynamic range. Then, how do we select a rational set of these parameters? The long-term observation and study revealed that a large strong solar radio burst is frequently composed of a series of small bursts with different time scales. Among them, the radio spike burst is the smallest one with the shortest lifetime, the narrowest bandwidth, and the smallest source region. Solar radio spikes are considered to be related to a single magnetic energy release process, and can be regarded as an elementary burst in solar flares. It is a basic requirement for the new solar radio telescope to observe and discriminate these solar radio spike bursts, even though the temporal and spatial scales of radio spike bursts actually vary with the observing frequency. This paper presents the scaling laws of the lifetime and bandwidth of solar radio spike bursts with respect to the observing frequency, which provide some constraints for the new solar radio telescopes, and help us to select the rational telescope parameters. Besides, we propose a spectrum-image combination mode as the best observation mode for the next-generation solar radio telescopes with high temporal, spectral, and spatial resolutions, which may have an important significance for revealing the physical essence of the various non-thermal processes in violent solar eruptions.     

耀斑与磁环拓扑界面

北京天文台怀柔太阳观测站和美国大熊湖太阳天文台的矢量磁图系列，已经允许从观测上证认活动区内的磁环系统，及磁环之间的拓扑界面。本文作者基于１９９３年４月６日至１２日，对ＮＯＡＡ７４６９连续的矢量磁场观测，首次对一个活动区内的磁环系统和磁环之间的拓扑界面作了观测证认，这些拓扑界面的特征是：１）矢量磁场在界面附近高度剪切；２）在界面两边，有很强的纵场梯度（约０．１高斯／公里）；３）在观面两边磁对消，对消     

Loss-Cone Instability and Formation of Zebra Patterns in Type IV Solar Radio Bursts

The loss-cone instability of energetic electrons at double plasma resonance is considered. Conditions required for the formation of a zebra pattern in type IV solar radio bursts are determined. It is shown that electrons with a power-law energetic spectrum can effectively excite upper-hybrid waves at double plasma resonance. Stripes of a zebra pattern become more pronounced with an increase of the loss-cone opening angle and the power-law spectral index. The growth rate at the resonance frequencies decreases with an increase of the cyclotron harmonic number. Interpretation of observations and diagnostics of plasma for the April 21, 2002, event are performed. Conclusions about the impulsive mode of injection of energetic electrons into a coronal arc are made.     

太阳射电分米波毫秒级尖峰辐射的寿命

太阳射电毫秒级尖峰辐射的寿命随频率增高而减小,长期以来这一直是个令人困惑的问题。本文从与Ⅲ型爆发相关的空心束分布的电子流所激发的回旋同步脉泽角度出发,详细讨论了尖峰辐射的寿命与特征频率比(ξ=ω_P/ω_B)以及波增长率的关系,最后得出:在分米波的不同波段,尖峰辐射是X模的不同次谐波,且寿命随频率增高发生相关的减小。