太阳能资源观测仪器（总日射表）性能测试方法

为了保证观测数据的准确性,必须建立全面的辐射表性能指标检测体系,对辐射仪器的性能指标进行测试.依据世界气象组织(WMO)和ISO 9060的相关规定,在总日射表检定规程的基础上,试验和研究总日射表的零偏移、分辨率、方向响应、非线性误差等性能指标.光电型总日射表与光热型总日射表相比有明显的光谱选择性,在光谱范围、响应时间、测量原理、结构材料等方面均存在不同,因此二者的测量方法也存在差异.在非线性测试中,双光源叠加法被用以取代传统的太阳模拟器法.研究表明,选择总日射表的方向响应误差来指定仪表在各方向上的性能以及规范总日射表的分类,比用余弦响应误差和方位响应误差有更多的优点.     

L波段与59-701探测系统同步资料对比分析

选用安康2005年11月（59个时次）同步观测资料,利用统计学原理,对L波段探测系统和59-701探测系统等压面各要素的测值进行比较、分析,结果表明：两套系统的高度、温度探测值比较接近,但L波段探测系统的高度、温度离散度小于59-701探测系统,其高度、温度测值波动小,稳定性好,测量精度高,探测数据准确、可靠;L波段探测系统的相对湿度测值低于59-701探测系统,且两者测值相差较大,L波段探空仪湿度传感器灵敏度高,采样速度快,但相对湿度测值离散度较大,和59型探空仪相比,其相对湿度测值稳定性较差。     

基于FDR的土壤水分探测系统与应用

根据中国气象局对农业气象观测的要求,采用频域反射技术(Frequency Domain Reflectometry,FDR)设计开发了一套土壤水分探测系统。系统共包括传感器测量、数据采集和远程数据管理等几个部分。FDR测量原理建立在传输线理论和谐振电路的基础上。数据采集部分充分考虑了信号的抗干扰能力以及纠错措施。系统采用无线通信模式将测量数据传送到中心数据库,并使用互联网将数据发送到各个用户。运行结果表明该系统能够连续稳定地测量,经过订正之后的数据与烘干法测量结果接近,误差小于2%,满足农业气象观测的需要。     

L波段高空探测系统的时差及其测量不确定度

通过分析L波段高空探测系统的时序设计原理,进行GTS1型探空仪与RS92型探空仪的同球比对施放试验验证,确定了由L波段高空探测系统的时序设计造成的测量元件感应气象要素至地面设备计算机软件赋时之间的时间差,会造成测量结果的随机波动。L波段探空系统总体时差对气压测量影响较大,对温度的影响较小,对湿度的影响较为复杂;由此造成的气压不确定性,将影响探空应用文件的准确性。相对于测量元件的感应时间总是延迟的,其总体散布中心为测量元件感应气象要素后1.2s,时差散布的扩展不确定度为0.98s,气压误差最大可达0.86hPa。北斗-GPS双模式导航测风探空仪的设计中采用了消除时差的方法,大大减小了测量结果的随机误差,并且在2013年12月中国气象局阳江试验中效果良好,为该问题提出了改进方法。     

光纤通信高速信号偏振态检测系统定标的研究

目前的商用偏振分析仪检测速率较低,因此在检测光纤通信中高速信号的偏振态时,需要自行搭建测量系统并结合高速实时数字示波器使用.此时,系统定标就显得尤为重要,定标方法也将直接影响测量的准确性.针对光纤型高速偏振态检测系统提出了定标方法,先通过Mueller矩阵算法对其进行了理论分析,进而通过实验证明了该定标方法准确可行,测量误差水平小于±3%.     

太阳能板自动寻光转动控制系统

为了提高光伏太阳能板的太阳能转换效率,设计了一种太阳能板自动寻光转动控制器,此装置通过寻光电路检测太阳光源方向,当产生偏差信号时,经A/D转换电路输入单片机,单片机处理输出相应电信号驱动电机转动,准确地跟踪太阳光线移动.该装置结构简单、成本低廉、跟踪精度高,可用于太阳能发电系统中,能够提高太阳能的利用效率.     

高空气象探测的静态特征量

根据高空气象探测系统的业务需求,较为详细地介绍了灵敏度、量程及测量范围、线性度、迟滞、重复性、准确度、分辨率、漂移等探测系统的静态特征量.     

基于腔减相移光谱技术测量大气气溶胶消光系数的应用研究

基于腔减相移光谱(CAPS)技术检测灵敏度高、光源性价比好、容易控制和有效吸收光程长等优点,搭建了一套基于CAPS技术的连续测量大气气溶胶消光系数的监测系统。测试系统高反射镜片反射率约为0.9999,对应有效光程约为4.4 km;通过Allan方差测试分析系统最佳积分时间约为80 s,对应消光系数检测极限为0.06Mm-1;将系统应用于实际大气气溶胶消光系数的12个周期和48 h连续监测,显示空腔相移基本稳定,样品测量相移偏移明显,反演得到的大气能见度结果稳定可靠。由此表明,研制的基于CAPS技术的大气气溶胶消光系数连续测量系统应用于实际的测量是完全可行的。     

SPEC机载云探测系统及其云物理研究进展

在综合介绍我国机载云探测系统的发展历程、应用情况和优缺点的基础上,对新一代机载云探测系统SPEC的系统组成、探测原理、探测方法和探测范围等进行了详细说明,并探讨了近年来国内外相关研究进展.随着科学研究人员对云探测精细程度、准确度要求的日益提高,以往使用的粒子观测系统(PMS)等云探测系统已无法满足一些科学试验的需求;S...     

快速时间响应可调式二极管激光器用于涡动相关大气痕量气体测量

研制出一种基于可调式二极管激光器吸收光谱学原理的快速响应大气痕量气体监测器,用来进行干沉降通量的涡动相关测量。该系统能够以很高的灵敏度和选择性检测多种人们关心的痕量气体,已证明其具有0.3秒的响应时间。已对监测器在野外条件下(夏季和冬季)做过试验,表明它用于涡动相关测量具有足够的灵敏度和时间响应。已用这一系统对NO_2和SO_2做过试验。讨论了进一步改进的可能性。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.