PERIODIC MARKETS: COMMENTS ON SPATIAL-TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIPS

This work examines the use of an annually updated metropolitan data system as a tool for evaluating benign racial location policies during the first year of the Section 8 Existing Rent Supplement program. Case-study evidence shows that the rent supplement program (with benign locational policies) is ineffective in reducing the isolation faced by minority groups, and that the information used to monitor compliance of the program with benign locational policies lags badly behind the true state of affairs. As a result, new areas of racial concentration have been encouraged and augmented.     

SOUTH AFRICA'S NATIONAL HOUSING SUBSIDY PROGRAM AND APARTHEID'S URBAN LEGACY

This study examines the ability of the South African housing subsidy program to hasten desegregation and integration of South Africa's cities. It reviews the basic elements of recent local government reform and housing subsidy legislation. Highlighting the experiences of the city of George, it notes that in order to achieve a rapid provision of housing, the racial division of urban areas has initially been perpetuated. [Key words: Housing, post-apartheid, public policy, South Africa, subsidies, urban.]     

LAND PRICE INFLATION AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Prices for standard lots and acreage were collected for 1975 and 1980 in 30 metropolitan areas and then analyzed, using multiple regression, to identify factors which would explain variations among metropolitan areas. Extreme price variations were observed. For example, from 1975 to 1980, the price of a standard residential lot increased as little as 31% in one area, while the price rose 1 76% in another. Over 80% of the variation in lot price increases was explainable by a model combining land supply and demand factors. In their order of importance, the factors were: (1) an index of regulatory restriction, (2) population increases, (3) per-capita income increases, and (4) job increases. The analysis suggests that public regulatory, infrastructure and tax policies can significantly affect land supply and demand and, in turn, prices. Communities that choose to manage growth must monitor land supply and demand and adjust their policies to ensure competitive noninflationary land markets. Otherwise major increases in land prices for housing and businesses may result.     

中国制造业省区分布及其影响因素

改革开放以来,中国制造业空间格局发生了显著变化,多数产业在20世纪80年代趋于空间分散而在90年代趋于地理集中;大部分省区的制造业结构逐渐多元化,90年代后期以来趋于专业化。中国制造业的地理格局存在显著的产业间差异,出口加工型产业越来越向沿海省区集中,原材料指向型更加接近资源地而比较分散,消费市场导向型产业需要就近市场也趋于分散,各地区竞相发展的高利润、高税收产业也更趋于分散。本文系统考察了影响各制造业省区地理分布的区位因素,发现影响我国制造业省区分布的重要因素依次为政策和制度因素、劳动力素质和成本、规模经济、自然资源和区位通达性,但不同类型产业的地理分布影响因素差异较大。     

LOCATIONAL PROBLEMS AND PREFERENCES IN PRESCHOOL CHILD CARE*

With the increased use of formal child care, the number of child care alternatives has grown. The locational problems and preferences of University of Connecticut employees who use formal child care for children under age 6 are examined because an on-site program is available as one option. Difficulty finding care at a convenient location is related to residential location. Preference for worksite care decreases with increasing commuting distance. Variations in reported locational preferences by commuting zone are consistent with the notion of locating services within the activity spaces of the users. As commuting distance increases, worksite day care represents a greater displacement from the activity spaces of the child and possibly of other family members.     

CHINA''S URBAN HOUSING SYSTEM IN TRANSITION

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腾冲旅游资源开发研究

运用区域旅游开发理论, 研究了腾冲境内旅游资源的基本类型、分布区划与主要特点, 在分析该区旅游开发的资源条件、区位条件和基础设施条件的基础上, 提出了该区旅游资源开发的指导思想、战略目标、布局重点和政策措施。     

The New Star in Perseus

Abstract

Students often ask whether the examples we give as instructors have any relevance to their worlds, to their lives. Too often the answer is no. This paper describes a case that is obviously pertinent to both secondary and university students and their instructors. The legal battle over equality and racial discrimination in the New York City School system presents not simply a rich field for geographical consideration but also a pertinent one. It brings to students and their instructors a complex of economic, legal, and social issues played across a discrete spatial surface. As importantly, it offers a case study exploring the difficulties of both defining and then achieving distributive justice in post-modern environments in a context students and their instructors will recognize as relevant and timely. The discussion that results may be useful in economic, legal, locational, and social geographic instruction.     

新经济地理学模型的政策含义及其对中国的启示

新经济地理学自1990年诞生至今获得了长足进展,然而对新经济地理学模型的实证研究以及相关的政策分析还很少,已有的研究主要针对特定的经济背景和经济结构。该文探讨一般意义上新经济地理学模型所体现的政策含义,包含政策的区域附带效应、门槛效应、地区滞后效应、非线性效应、选择效应和协作效应。这些效应对我国的一些区域政策给以启示。在“西部大开发”方面,政策介入的地区滞后效应可能会使“西部大开发”战略的实施效果降低;从基础设施建设方面看,地区间交易条件的改善并非单一的效果,交易条件改善对落后地区可能不利;从区域壁垒的角度看,欠发达地区建立的区域壁垒有其理性成分;“预期实现效应”在一定程度上为“地方营销”的实践提供了理论支持;在劳动力流动方面,户籍制度以及相应的制度安排可能产生政策的区域附带效应,从而导致区域差异在一定程度上的强化。最后给出政策含义的未来研究方向。     

OVERCOMING THE APARTHEID LEGACY IN CAPE TOWN SCHOOLS*

ABSTRACT. Restructuring apartheid geographies of racial stratification and spatial segregation poses formidable challenges, not least in education. Increasing intraracial inequality also underscores the importance of widening access and opportunity. Although South African education is not constrained by the highly localized control found in the United States and the United Kingdom, school allocation policies and parental choices create geographies that intersect with those of race and residence. Spatial variations critically influence both the impacts of postapartheid policies and the patterns of school desegregation. In this article we explore the spatial impact of inequality, desegregation, and state policies in relation to fourteen secondary schools in Cape Town, distinguishing outcomes that reflect inherited inequalities and current policies from outcomes that reflect individual school strategies. Capital funding is insufficient to change inherited inequalities, and differential fees and fund‐raising capacities perpetuate inequalities in operational resources. Sharing resources, taxing fee income, and a measure of provincial control over feeder areas could reduce inequalities.     

中国农村工业发展：一个综合区位分析框架

本整合现代经济地理学、新制度主义和演化经济学、规范性区位分析三种理论,提出了一个包括制度、技术、市场、区位资源禀赋等区位因子并将交易成本和生产成本相结合的综合区位分析框架。运用框架,对中国农村工业的发生与发展、宏观分布与微观布局等和出了一个系统解释。     

我国内陆边境贸易的区位研究

本文在归纳我国内陆边境贸易现状特征后,分析了边境贸易形成和发展的区位因素.在此基础上探讨了我国内陆边境开放条件的地域分异,并提出边贸发展的重点地域.     

区位政策与区域经济发展

本文从经济区位论的角度,研究了区位政策的目标和手段、以及它们对区域经济发展的作用。主要提出以下观点：①各级政府或决策部门可通过一定的区位政策,如区位投资环境的改善、区位补助金和区位倾斜政策等来诱导或限制个人或企业的经济活动行为的空间选择,最终实现国土的有效、均衡和可持续的发展;②区位政策对区域经济发展的作用主要表现在可以使利益空间的界限扩大或缩小,加速或缓减产业的空间集中或分散,刺激新产业区位生长点的形成,以及缩小区域经济差异等。     

PRINCIPLES FOR THE LOCATION OF SYNAGOGUES: SYMBOLISM AND FUNCTIONALISM IN A SPATIAL CONTEXT

Two traditional Jewish approaches to the location of synagogues can be found, one symbolic and one functional. The locational requirements are not identical; the symbolic approach deals with idealistic spatial status while the functional approach poses realistic locational demands. This spatio-locational conflict reflects a problematic situation on both theoretical and practical levels.     

港澳地区对中国内地直接投资的区位选择及其空间扩散

对港澳地区在中国内地直接投资的空间分布及其空间转移做了上分析，表明了港澳地区对中国内地的直接投资趋向于沿海地区和与这这有特殊社会文化联系的区位，同时更有向中西部和北部转移的趋势，决定港澳地区对中国内地投资空间模式和转移态势的因素是经济规模，经济增长速率，劳动力因素，经济开放度，与沿海的经济距离等。     

PRINCIPLES FOR THE LOCATION OF SYNAGOGUES: SYMBOLISM AND FUNCTIONALISM IN A SPATIAL CONTEXT

Two traditional Jewish approaches to the location of synagogues can be found, one symbolic and one functional. The locational requirements are not identical; the symbolic approach deals with idealistic spatial status while the functional approach poses realistic locational demands. This spatio-locational conflict reflects a problematic situation on both theoretical and practical levels.     

珠三角地区半导体产业布局特征及其区位关联模式

产业布局的区位关联是区域产业空间结构及其空间关系研究的重要内容。论文通过构建珠三角地区半导体企业数据库,并采用核密度分析与协同区位分析方法对珠三角地区半导体产业空间格局及其区位关联特征进行研究。研究发现：① 广深莞三地是珠三角地区半导体产业空间的重要集聚区,半导体设计环节是珠三角地区进入半导体产业链的普遍选择。② 广州尽管在设计、材料和分立器件制造方面形成了专业化集群,但其仅有分立器件制造环节与设计和封测环节形成了区位协同关系;而深圳则以设计设备两大专业化集群为支撑形成了与其他所有环节的区位协同,总体上形成了较为完整的半导体全产业链。③ 广州在分立器件制造环节的专业化优势属于半导体产业链建设过程中的过渡状态,而深圳在全产业链建设方面的优势则建立在大量数字技术企业在本地的高度集聚,通过半导体设计环节与其他环节建立了共同的知识、技术和人才基础。研究旨在为珠三角进一步优化半导体产业链布局提供决策依据,以提升区域半导体产业竞争力。     

南非负责任旅游的兴起及其意义

南非负责任旅游对南非的社会经济发展、政治民主建设起着非常重要的作用,特别是推动了南非构建公平社会的进程。本文概括了南非负责任旅游的兴起背景,分析了南非政府实施负责任旅游后初见成效的原因,剖析南非负责任旅游在缓解种族歧视、减少贫困、公平分配利益等方面对建设公平社会的意义。     

Globalization,Economic Restructuring,and Locational Trajectories of Software Firms in Shanghai

Producer services are traditionally considered as place-bound and clustered in city centers to benefit from agglomeration effects. Such a pattern has been reshaped, however, by the decentralization of the service industry and the development of information and communication technology (ICT), especially for the software industry. This study investigates locational trajectories and underlying factors of software firms from 1990 to 2011 in Shanghai to detect intraurban location trajectories and spatial dynamics. We find that location of the software industry has changed from a monocentric pattern concentrated in the central city area toward a polycentric pattern with a relative decline of the core area. Using a conditional logit model, the study has found that government policies, accessibility, environmental conditions, agglomeration economies, and site characteristics are important determinants of location choice for software firms. In addition, the firm-level survey and in-depth interviews in Pudong Software Park show that government policy and planning, especially rent and tax incentives, have played a vital role in attracting software firms to locate in development zones.     

FROM HAMBURGER ALLEY TO HEDGEROSE HEIGHTS: TOWARD A MODEL OF RESTAURANT LOCATION DYNAMICS

The distribution of restaurants is the product of a complex interaction of traditional and non-traditional location factors. Much of the obvious locational disorder may be reduced by categorizing restaurants into those which feed the body, meals consumed for nourishment, and those which feed the soul, meals planned for aesthetic or social reasons. Accessibility, locational ambience, and demographic character of the population served are the primary locational considerations, although a variety of perceptual, psychological, and spatial elements are significant for particular types of restaurants and situations in Atlanta, GA.