豫西杨山萤石矿床成因：萤石稀土元素组成和流体包裹体热力学制约

杨山萤石矿床是豫西栾川地区一处大型花岗岩容矿型矿床,其成矿期次和成矿流体特征研究的不足长期制约着对萤石淀积机理和区域成矿规律的深化认识。本文基于杨山矿床萤石的稀土元素及流体包裹体研究,阐释了成矿物质来源、成矿流体属性及矿床成因。第Ⅱ阶段萤石的ΣREE含量为22.61×10^-6～287.94×10^-6,LREE/HREE比值为0.64～5.24,具Eu负异常(δEu=0.50～0.92)和Ce负异常(δCe=0.88～1.06)。随成矿深度的增大,萤石ΣREE减小,LREE/HREE和La_N/Yb_N增大,δEu和δCe无明显变化,指示总体成矿先后顺序为地下深部至地表浅部,且垂向上氧逸度较稳定。从紫色萤石到绿色萤石,ΣREE增大,LREE/HREE和La_N/Yb_N减小,δEu和δCe增大,表明萤石具有重新活化和重结晶的趋势。萤石的流体包裹体以气液两相为主,均一温度集中于80～155℃,盐度(NaCl_eqv.)集中于0.3%～6.3%。综合...     

新疆中天山马鞍桥铅锌矿床脉状矿石成矿流体的性质

新疆中天山地区热水沉积形成的马鞍桥铅锌矿床在成矿后期形成了穿插早期层状、似层状矿体的脉状紫色萤石-闪锌矿矿石。紫色萤石和闪锌矿中气液相L-V型流体包裹体的均一温度呈双峰式分布, 主要分布在140℃～260℃和260℃～442℃两个区间内, 且有少量高于470℃的流体包裹体存在, 指示其成矿流体由中高温和低温两个端员组成。同时, 测得脉状矿石的成矿流体盐度为1.91 ～6.30 Wt% (NaCl) 和11.93～21.82 Wt% (NaCl) 。激光Raman光谱分析显示紫色萤石中气液相L-V型流体包裹体的气相组分主要为CH₄、C₂H₆和C₃H₈等低分子烷烃及少量的H₂S和N₂ , 指示形成这种脉状矿石的热液由中高温的岩浆气液与低温、高盐度的油田热卤水混合而成。     

内蒙古林西水头萤石成矿带不同矿段地质地球化学特征对比研究

水头萤石成矿带位于内蒙古林西地区北部,矿体主要赋存于二叠系火山—沉积岩中,并严格受近SN向、NNE向断裂构造控制。本次研究基于野外地质调查、矿床地质特征、萤石稀土元素及流体包裹体综合研究,结合前人研究成果和探矿工程揭露情况,探讨带内成矿差异性的控制因素。研究区萤石和石英的ΣREE含量分别为5.84×10^-6～198.38×10^-6和0.71×10^-6～4.74×10^-6,ΣLREE/ΣHREE平均值分别为1.43和4.32,均呈现弱的Eu正异常和Ce负异常,指示三个矿床具有相似的成矿环境和物质来源,且三个矿床的成矿流体的运移距离从南到北逐渐增大。研究区萤石的流体包裹体以气液两相为主,均一温度集中于140～240℃,盐度集中于0.4%～3.4%NaCl_eqv,密度集中于0.86～0.93 g/cm³,从南到北三个矿床的成矿温度逐渐降低,成矿流体的盐度和密度逐渐下降。成矿带内矿体特征差异的控制因素包括控矿断裂的性质、成矿流体演化过程和后期构造活动对萤石矿体的影...     

河北撒岱沟门斑岩型钼矿床流体特征对成矿过程的指示

撒岱沟门斑岩型钼矿床位于华北板块北缘东段,矿体产于印支期二长花岗岩中,矿化类型以细脉状、网脉状和浸染状辉钼矿为主.流体包裹体岩相学显示,成矿前期的无矿石英脉和成矿期含钼石英脉中流体包裹体形成较好,以气液两相为主,存在少量的单相包裹体和三相包裹体.流体包裹体显微测温研究结果显示,成矿前期包裹体的均一温度为196.2~390.0℃,盐度5.70%~17.52%（NaCl当量）;成矿期包裹体的均一温度为161.5~340.3℃,盐度在2.06%~13.29%（NaCl当量）.激光拉曼光谱测试结果显示,成矿早期以H₂O为主,存在少量CO₂和CO₃^2-;而成矿期包裹体成分中有H₂O和CO₂的两相包裹体、含CO₂的三相包裹体、SO₂和CH₄气体.流体特征变化指示成矿流体从成矿早期到晚期,温压条件不断降低,从氧化环境向还原环境转变.成矿流体经历了沸腾作用、流体不混溶作用,并伴随着大气降水混入形成了典型大陆碰撞体系下的浆控高温热液-斑岩型钼矿床.     

江西宁都坎田萤石矿床稀土元素地球化学特征及其指示意义

赣南地区萤石资源丰富, 坎田萤石矿位于赣南地区的兴国—宁都萤石成矿带上, 矿体赋存于晚侏罗世黑云母花岗岩内。本文结合研究区的区域地质背景, 对江西宁都坎田萤石矿床的萤石及围岩进行了稀土元素地球化学特征研究, 以探讨坎田萤石矿床的成矿流体来源和矿床成因。其研究结果表明, 萤石的稀土元素总量为34.11×10–6~78.12×10–6, 属于轻稀土富集型, 稀土元素配分曲线形态基本一致; 围岩的稀土元素总量为94.14×10–6~175.72×10–6, 其配分模式与萤石具有相似同步性, 且萤石与围岩具有相近的Sm/Nd比值, 均表明萤石的成矿流体来源与围岩密切相关。结合前人在赣南地区对萤石气液包裹体进行氢氧同位素特征的研究, 认为成矿流体主要来源于大气降水, 成矿物质Ca和F元素主要来自于大气降水对燕山早期的黑云母花岗岩的淋滤和萃取。通过研究区的地质背景、萤石的强烈负Eu异常特征以及Tb/Ca-Tb/La关系图, 认为研究区萤石矿属于还原环境下的中低温热液充填型萤石矿床。     

湘西花垣地区铅锌矿床流体包裹体显微测温与特征元素测定

花垣铅锌矿床的成矿流体演化特点和铅锌矿物沉淀机制存有分歧,为了总结矿床成因并建立成矿模式,指导该地区铅锌矿的下一步找矿勘探工作.对闪锌矿、主成矿期方解石和萤石中的流体包裹体进行岩相学观察、显微测温、拉曼光谱分析以及同步辐射X射线荧光微探针分析,结果显示花垣地区铅锌矿床成矿流体温度主要为150~220℃,总盐度一般为13%~23% NaCl_eqv,多> 15% NaCl_eqv,密度多 > 1 g/cm3,成矿流体为NaCl-CaCl₂-MgCl₂-H₂O卤水体系.成矿流体均一温度具有由北而南降低的趋势.流体液相组分中主要为Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、Cl-,具有盆地热卤水体系特点.流体包裹体气相中发育CO₂、CH₄,方解石、萤石中流体包裹体均有成矿元素Pb、Zn的存在.花垣矿集区成矿流体属于低温度、中-高盐度、中-高密度,成分以钠和钙氯化物为主的含矿热水溶液,流体运移方向为由北向南,流体来源于封层水、大气降水和少量变质水.铅锌矿物的沉淀与热化学硫酸盐还原作用有关.闪锌矿、方铅矿等矿石矿物与方解石、萤石等脉石矿物应属同一富含Pb、Zn、Mn、Fe、As、Cr等成矿元素的成矿流体在同一成矿期次相同条件下沉淀的产物.      

云南绿春大马尖山钨多金属矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿机制探究

为探究三江南段钨多金属矿床的成矿流体特征、演化及矿床成因,选取了云南绿春大马尖山钨多金属矿床为研究对象,对其512 m中段至889 m中段的铜矿化和钨矿化石英脉中的原生流体包裹体进行包裹体测温、激光拉曼等研究。研究结果表明,该矿床中主要发育气液两相型包裹体(Ⅰ型),另有少量的含子晶包裹体(Ⅱ型)、富甲烷包裹体(Ⅲ型),未见纯气相、纯液相包裹体;铜矿化石英中流体包裹体均一温度为165～335℃,盐度为4.2%～16.7%NaCleq;钨矿化石英中流体包裹体均一温度为199～265℃,盐度为2.6%～23.7%NaCleq,有少量以石盐为主的子晶矿物,流体盐类溶质从NaCl、 KCl、 MgCl₂为主逐步演化为CaCl₂为主,成矿压力为17.85～48.90 MPa,深度为0.67～1.85 km;激光拉曼光谱分析结果表明,大马尖山钨多金属矿床各中段成矿流体成分相似,以H₂O、CH₄为主,伴有少量N₂及微量的CO₂。在同一中段内两种矿化流体包裹体的均一温度相近...     

陕西凤县左家庄金矿床流体包裹体地球化学特征与成因

左家庄金矿位于西秦岭凤太矿集区西北角的何家庄岩体西端南侧与上石炭统侵入接触的内接触带。矿体受构造与岩体双重控制,主要发育于东西向构造内充填的石英脉中。区内中粒二长花岗岩与粉砂质绢云板岩接触带是金矿化的有利部位。本文对左家庄金矿床成矿流体的成分、来源、物理化学条件及演化特征进行了研究,认为左家庄金矿流体包裹体类型可以分为气液两相包裹体、纯液相包裹体和纯气相包裹体3类,包裹体多以水溶液包裹体(L_H2O-V_H2O)为主、并有CO₂-H₂O包裹体(L_CO2-L_H2O),流体包裹体液相成分主要为水,气相成分主要为CO₂及少量N₂和H₂。成矿流体为中低温（229～320℃）-低盐度（7.31%～12.28%Na Cl.eq）以变质热液为主后期混入大气降水的混合流体,矿床中硫化物形成于富重硫(黄铁矿δ³⁴S=11.4‰～13.77‰)环境。左家庄金矿具有典型造山型金矿床特征。     

内蒙古额尔古纳市虎拉林金矿床成矿流体包裹体研究

通过矿床流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温学和激光拉曼光谱成分分析,研究成矿流体性质,探讨了矿床成因类型.研究结果表明,流体包裹体以气液两相包裹体为主,少量含CO₂三相、含子矿物三相和纯气相包裹体等.成矿流体均一温度为320~360℃,盐度为19.2%~21.8%,密度为0.73~0.90 g/cm³,估算成矿压力为92.1~129.1 MPa,成矿深度为3.07~4.3km.成矿流体气相成分以H₂O为主,其次为CO₂、CH₄和N₂,微量的C₆H₆、C₂H₆和C₃H₈等,总体属H₂O-CO₂-NaCl体系.成矿流体是一种不混溶流体,主要来源于深部岩浆,并可能有幔源组分参与.金主要是以金氯配合物的形式迁移.矿床的地质-地球化学特征与隐爆角砾岩型金矿类似,应属隐爆角砾岩型金矿床.     

海南高通岭石英脉型钼矿床成矿流体来源与成矿机制研究

高通岭矿床是海南岛典型的石英脉型钼矿床。基于流体包裹体以及H、O、S、Pb同位素研究,本文对高通岭石英脉型钼矿床成矿流体性质、成矿物质来源及成矿机制进行了讨论。结果表明,(1)流体包裹体以富液两相水溶液(A-L型)为主,次为富液两相含CO₂水溶液(AC-L型)和富气两相含CO₂溶液(AC-V型); A-L及AC-L型包裹体均一成液相, AC-V型包裹体均一成气相。均一成液相和均一成气相的包裹体共生指示流体不混溶或沸腾。拉曼结果显示流体成分以H₂O为主,其次是CO₂,含微量N₂、CH₄和H₂等气体;成矿期流体包裹体均一温度为180～280℃,盐度为4.0%～8.2%NaCleqv;(2)H-O同位素组成显示成矿流体具有岩浆水与大气降水混合特点; δ³⁴S值域为-0.9‰～5.5‰,均值2.8‰,属于深源硫;(3)Pb同位素组成及特征参数暗示其具有岩浆作用带来的地幔Pb与上地壳Pb混合成因。据此,高通岭钼矿床成矿流体...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with