连云港西大堤工程后港区自然环境变化概述

通过对连云港西大堤工程建设前后水文、泥沙和地形等自然环境现场调查资料的比较,对连云港由海峡地形变化成海湾地形以后,港内水域自然环境发生的变化进行综合分析。分析结果不仅为连云港深水港的扩建提供了科学依据,同时亦为淤泥质海岸港口工程大规模人工改造后的自然环境研究提供了实例。     

连云港建设西大堤雏议

一、港口概况江苏省连云港地理位置优越,是横贯我国中部地区陇海铁路的终点港,是我国中原和西北地区海上吞吐物资的最近口岸。连云港港为一海峡港口。北屏东、西连岛,南依云台山,为一南北宽2.5—5公里,东西长约10公里的天然海峡。连云港最早是在连岛与云台山之间建有港口。1925年陇海铁路铺轨到海州后,在临洪河大浦港设临时码头,后因临洪河口淤积严重,大浦港渐废,于1933年改在连云港建设陇海铁路出海港。1936年建成东防波堤和     

连云港西大堤海域水环境污染特征分析

连云港拦海西大堤建成已20余年,为得到近几年来本海域水环境中重金属和有机污染物的污染特征,作者于2011年6月对海州湾西大堤海域进行现场调查,根据海洋监测规范对采集水样的DO、COD、石油、重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd)、活性磷酸盐、无机氮9个化学指标进行测定,并对水质现状进行评价。同时,本研究测定了连云港海州湾西大堤近岸表层沉积物中多种重金属和有机质的含量,利用因子分析法研究了沉积物中重金属的污染来源。结果表明:海州湾西大堤海域海水中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的平均质量浓度皆未超出国家二类海水水质标准,石油类和无机氮类污染物为本海域海水中的首要污染物,有机物污染呈现加重的趋势。表层沉积物中重金属Zn、Cd、As的富集指数大于3,属于重污染级别。根据数理统计,发现前3个主成分的贡献率分别为44.09%、27.61%、13.44%,表明沉积物重金属主要有3个来源:工业和生活污水排放、港口煤渣倾倒、海陆交通排污。     

连云港西大堤工程建设影响作用评价

西大堤的建成使连云港由原来的海峡通道型港口变为半封闭的人工海湾型港口,风浪条件改善,可利用的港口岸线大大加长,为连云港亿吨大港的建设提供了契机,也改善了连云港与东西连岛的交通条件,促进了旅游业的发展.另一方面,也改变了海湾内水动力与沉积环境.大堤建成后,湾内潮波由前进波转变为驻波,水体交换能力减弱,湾内水质污染加重,尤其是湾顶水域污染最重;同时加剧了湾内泥沙的淤积,在西大堤内侧形成新的潮滩,位于湾顶的老海滨浴场被淤废.由于西大堤封堵了连云海峡西口门,使得近岸泥沙的运移路径改变,北部的泥沙流自海州湾东去沿大堤折向东西连岛方向,在大堤的外侧和东西连岛外缘形成新的落淤场所,大沙湾和苏马湾海滨浴场受到影响.沉积作用的加剧已影响到港口及周边海岸与水利设施的正常运作,因而应加强对港区及周边海洋环境的监测与研究,缓建西大堤内侧北港区码头,并对西大堤西端进行透空式改造,以从根本上解决港区泥沙淤积问题.     

连云港西大堤工程后人工海湾内回淤强度的测算分析

本文重点研究了连云港西大堤工程后人工海湾内的回淤状况,得出以下结论：西大堤的封堵使人工海湾内的水动力和泥沙运动产生了明显的变化。但这只是工程后的局部调整,不会造成严重的淤积。由于湾内泥沙供应量的减少,连云港仍将维持冲淤相对平衡的状态。并且,本文以实测资料为依据,对两类主要的回淤预报公式进行了分析评价,证明了这两类公式的合理性和可靠性。     

胶州湾自然环境概述

一、地理位置及地理形势胶州湾位于黄海中部、山东半岛南岸(120°04’—23’E,35°58’—36°18’N),青岛市位于该湾东岸,青岛港在该湾之中。因此,胶州湾在国民经济和国防均占有重要地位。由于胶州湾及其附近风景秀丽,气候宜人,又是旅游和避暑胜地。     

连云港港区二维潮流计算

本文是在连云港整体物理模型试验的基础上,按照潮波能谱模式进行全港区二维潮流计算。本模式在空间上采用有限元法求解能谱控制方程中的水位,进而求得各分潮的水位和流速值。通过叠加求得任意时刻的水位、流速的瞬时值。该方法简捷、有效,适应性强。通过连云港西大堤工程的兴建与不建两种情况的计算,所得结果与物理模型试验结果进行了比较。证明该方法是成功的。     

设立连云港自由港区的探讨

自由港区是自由贸易区的一种形式，它是指主权国家以特殊经济政策和体制开展国际经济活动的摩利经济区。我国自实行对外开放政策以来，在开放形式上进行了许多探索，有经济特区、保税区、出口加工区、经济技术开发区等，还没有一个更加开放的自由港区。自由港，曾是一个“禁区”，但在邓小平提出“在内地再造几个香港”的构想后，我国许多沿海港口城市都提出了创建自由港区、再造“内地香港”的设想，许多城市还进行了有影响有深度的研究。     

西连岛与连云港港区风基本特征研究

本文针对连云港港区特殊的地理地形和西连岛的地理位置关系,研究了两地之间风的基本特征和相互关系,发现了港区内风受地形影响显著,无论风向,或者风速在各方位上分布和季节上分布都比西连岛风复杂,不均匀;两站风速之间对应关系不明显,而风向存在明显的对应关系;港区风在地形作用下产生非线性效应,其结果跟西连岛风向之间存在着密切的关系。这为港区风研究工作开了先河,同时加强了对港区风特点的把握,有利于风灾的防范和风的有效利用。     

连云港近岸海域物理自净能力研究及水质预测——Ⅰ.西大堤工程对潮流场的影响

采用有限差分解法,建立了连云港近岸海域二维固定边界和变边界潮流数值模型。分别对现状流场和西大堤建成后的流场进行计算和预测。得出了潮波图,潮流椭圆图,最大流速分布和不同时刻的流场图,计算结果与实测值吻合良好。     

Change of Back Siltation in Lianyungang Harbor before and after Completion of the West Breakwater

—On the basis of a comparison of the field hydrological,sediment and topographic data observedbefore and after the completion of the West Breakwater in Lianyungang Harbor,which has led to the changeof topography from a strait to a bay,a synthetical analysis is conducted on the change of back siltation.Theresults show that it is the change of coast line and the consequent change of hydrological condition and sedi-ment movement that has led to the change of back siltation in the harbor.This phenomenon is caused by thelag effects of water current,sediment movement and local adjustment of topography after the construction,and it tends to be stable.The results of analysis provide not only a basis for extension of Lianyungang Harborinto a deep water harbor,but also propose a case for the study of the change of back siltation in a harbor onmuddy coast.     

Mathematical Modeling of Moored Ship Motion in Arbitrary Harbor utilizing the Porous Breakwater

The motion of the moored ship in the harbor is a classical hydrodynamics problem that still faces many challenges in naval operations, such as cargo transfer and ship pairings between a big transport ship and some small ships. A mathematical model is presented based on the Laplace equation utilizing the porous breakwater to investigate the moored ship motion in a partially absorbing/reflecting harbor. The motion of the moored ship is described with the hydrodynamic forces along the rotational mo...     

连云港南部近岸带冲淤变化分析

选取连云港南部近岸带南北不同岸滩 4个典型断面的样品点进行主成分分析 ,得出研究区控制泥沙交换和冲淤变化的主要动力因素为潮流作用和潮流波浪混合作用。据此 ,尝试建立冲淤变化的协方差数学模型 ,经过对计算结果显著性分析和实证检验得出研究区域的冲淤趋势为“整体冲淤平衡 ,局部略有冲刷” ,从北到南 ,依次出现淤积平衡、冲淤平衡、冲刷平衡三种较为稳定的自然冲淤环境。     

Brief Account of Breakwater Construction in China

-The construction of breakwaters in China in more than 40 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China is reviewed. The construction of two main types of breakwater, upright breakwaters and rubble mound breakwaters, and the way in which they are built are expounded. Recommendations to improve the technology for future breakwater construction are presented.     

防波堤建设对海底泥沙冲淤环境影响研究

以烟台八角海域为例,分别采用数值模拟计算与实测值对比两种方式分析评价防波堤建设对海底冲淤变化的影响。研究结果表明,防波堤建设导致研究区海底沉积物由原来的平衡状态转变为"浅水冲深水淤"的态势,冲刷及淤积速率均为0~0.06m/a。除构筑物附近等边界区域外,模型计算结果与实测泥沙运移趋势基本一致。     

A validation concept for cohesive sediment transport model and application on Lianyungang Harbor,China

Morphology evolution and hydro-sedimentological interactions in muddy coastal environments are long term processes. These processes are closely related to suspended sediment transport driven by waves and tidal currents. In the traditional calibration/verification methodology for cohesive sediment transport models, time-series data of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) measured during one or several tidal periods are commonly used as major validation references. But the disadvantage of this approach includes that it cannot filter the noises caused by the stochastic nature of short term hydrodynamics induced by waves and the varying properties of bottom sediments; besides a phase-lag phenomenon is often observed between sediment transport and hydrodynamics in the short term. On the contrary, a stable relationship between sedimentation and hydrodynamics is usually found in the long term. For a specific weather, the SSC values often agree well with local wave heights for muddy coasts. Therefore, in this paper a conceptual quantity defined as “representative SSC” was brought forward, and a model validation concept, including calibration and verification approaches, was proposed, in which calibration is performed against yearly-representative SSC values and the long term transport trend, and verification by using representative SSC values corresponding to different wave conditions. A numerical simulation was set up, and a real-life engineering application, Lianyungang Harbor, China, was executed to elaborate the proposed validation concept. Finally, the characteristics of SSC distribution around Lianyungang Harbor were discussed.