浙江中深层水热型地热资源评价与勘查方法优选

浙江省中深层水热型地热资源较为丰富,但热储类型以受区域断裂控制的带状或脉状为主,勘探风险高,成功率低。全面评估不同类型地热资源区划及勘查技术方法的适宜性,建立适合浙江地热勘探的方法体系是降低勘查风险的有效途径。本文由面及点,从区域成矿有利区评价、潜力区地热资源勘探开发等两个维度出发,通过省内已有地热勘查案例的分析和方法应用的研究,总结出基于层次分析法和综合指数模型的有利区评价体系、基于地质—水文地质的综合地热地质调查方法、以电磁法、微动探测等为主的综合地球物理勘查方法、以潜孔锤和气举反循环为主的无污染地热钻探方法。该类方法组合在浙江省地热资源勘查空白区中深层水热型地热勘查中取得较好成果,累计探得可开采地热流体达21256 m³/d,大大降低地热勘查风险,极大提高了勘查效益。     

乡宁县十里铺勘查区地热资源评价研究

以山西乡宁县十里铺地区为研究区,为对区域地热资源进行勘查评价,通过布设的孔深为2 008.87 m的K₁勘探孔对该区域水文地质条件进行勘察,充分收集水文地质资料综合分析,在此基础上对勘查区地热资源特征进行评价,并对地热资源量进行计算。评价结果认为：勘查区地热资源属于低温温热水资源,地热井出水温度为41℃,地热田单井年可采热水量3.03×10⁵ m³,可利用热量33.62×10⁶ MJ,勘查区储存热量为1.695 5×10¹² MJ,地热田规模属中型,地热开发利用属经济较适宜型。研究结论可为十里铺一带地热资源合理开发利用提供科学依据。     

京津鲁地热资源勘查利用对江苏的实践指导意义

京津鲁地区走在我国地热开发利用的前列,在地热勘查、地热利用等方面积累了许多成功经验,尤其是地热资源的综合利用和科学利用上树立了典范。分析江苏地热资源开发利用现状和地热勘查中的技术难点,对京津鲁地区地热资源赋存规律、主要勘查技术方法、地热资源科学利用以及勘查开发规划等进行阐述,对江苏地热勘查和开发利用提出了建议。     

苏北赣榆—和安湖地区地球物理特征和地热条件分析

为了探索苏北盆地赣榆—和安湖地区地热地质条件,在了解该区地质、物探条件的基础上,采用地热地质调查、可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)、氡气测量、地温测量方法进行探测,对研究区2500 m左右深度内断裂位置和展布特征进行地质物探综合解析研究。研究成果表明：调查区地热资源的分布与断裂构造关系密切,并具备形成地热的“热源、流体源、通道、热储、盖层”等基本热储水文地质条件,具有良好的勘查前景,区内北北西向断裂为地热资源勘查有利部位。本研究为苏北地区地热成因与地质结构增添了新的地质及地球物理依据,对合理开发利用地热资源具有重要指导意义。     

苏北赣榆—和安湖地区地球物理特征和地热条件分析

为了探索苏北盆地赣榆—和安湖地区地热地质条件,在了解该区地质、物探条件的基础上,采用地热地质调查、可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)、氡气测量、地温测量方法进行探测,对研究区2500 m左右深度内断裂位置和展布特征进行地质物探综合解析研究。研究成果表明：调查区地热资源的分布与断裂构造关系密切,并具备形成地热的“热源、流体源、通道、热储、盖层”等基本热储水文地质条件,具有良好的勘查前景,区内北北西向断裂为地热资源勘查有利部位。本研究为苏北地区地热成因与地质结构增添了新的地质及地球物理依据,对合理开发利用地热资源具有重要指导意义。     

苏北盆地地热资源评价与区划

苏北盆地是江苏省地热资源最为丰富的地区。本文基于苏北盆地地热地质条件,系统总结研究区内地热资源的分布特征,首次对该区的地热资源量、地热资源可开采量及地热流体可开采量进行分层分温度范围的定量评价。基于研究区地热水的水化学特征、水温分布特征等综合分析,对该区地热资源开发利用进行了区划。研究成果表明,苏北盆地的地热资源储量丰富,地热资源量总计约为229.8亿吨标准煤,地热流体年可采量约为197000万m3,地热流体年可采热量约为618万吨标准煤。热储层中的地热水理疗价值高,开发利用前景广阔。     

长春市区浅层地温能开发利用方式适宜性分区评价

浅层地温能开发利用方式适宜性分区受地质条件、水文地质条件、岩石的导热性等因素控制。 依据长春市地层岩性特征、含水层分布及富水性和岩石导热性,将长春市区划分为3个地层结构区:贾家洼子－八里铺－兴隆沟基岩裂隙含水带以西区（1区）,贾家洼子－八里铺－兴隆沟基岩裂隙含水带及其以东到伊通河西岸阶地陡坎区（2区）和伊通河谷地区（3区）。各区的综合导热系数实测值分别是1.168、1.401和1.612。对影响适宜性分区的相关因素进行分析,建立了地源热泵和地下水源热泵适宜区的评价指标体系,并提出了适宜区、较适宜区和不适宜区的划分标准。采用模糊综合评判法对3个地层结构区进行了适宜性评价。评价结果是1区适宜采用地源热泵开采浅层地热资源,2区和3区均适宜采用地下水源热泵开采浅层地热资源。     

基于层次分析法-模糊综合评价模型的浅层地热能适宜性评价——以山东省昌乐县为例

层次分析法-模糊综合评价模型可有效解决传统评价分析方法难以对模糊概念进行定量评价以及受主观影响较大等问题,使评价结果更加合理、精确。综合选取单一岩体厚度、地下水埋深、含水层总厚度、地层岩性、导热系数、比热容和地温等7个评价因子,运用层次分析法-模糊综合评价模型对山东省昌乐县浅层地热能适宜性进行了评价,将研究区划分为适宜性中等区和适宜性差区,适宜性中等区面积为44.71 km²,适宜性差区面积为10.29 km²。结合昌乐县城市规划,将研究区进一步划分为一般开发区、鼓励开发区、大力发展区和限制开发区。研究区浅层地热能开发利用潜力较大,合理开发利用可带来巨大的经济和社会效益。     

雄安新区地热资源综合利用研究

雄安新区赋存有丰富的浅层地热能、中深层地热能及干热岩等地热资源,通过分析研究区地温场及各热储在区内赋存、分布特征认为本区地热资源属沉积盆地传导型成因,在研究目前地热资源开发利用现状及存在的问题基础上,提出了本区地热资源勘查、综合利用规划及科学管理的建议。     

论上海市地热资源物探勘查

为更好地开发利用上海地区中、深部的地热资源,需要借助地球物理勘探等现代科技手段进行地下地热资源勘查。通过对上海已有地热资源物探工作的回顾与分析,并对多种物探方法物性分析基础上,研究不同物探方法进行上海地热资源勘查的可行性,探讨上海市地热资源物探勘查工作的问题与对策。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861