三维复杂域非结构化六面体网格全自动生成方法

使用自适应有限单元法在三维复杂域内求解水工及岩土工程问题,讨论了应用行波法在多介质三维复杂块体内六面体单元网格的自动生成过程。其特点是对不规则区域具有较强的适应性,并考虑了节理单元的自动生成。     

现浇混凝土薄壁管桩的荷载传递机理

振动沉模现浇混凝土薄壁管桩（简称PCC桩）技术是河海大学自主开发研制的用于地基加固处理的新技术,它是一种适合于软土地区的新型高效优质桩型。通过有限元方法研究了PCC桩的荷载传递机理,考虑了桩土接触面的滑移、脱开和土的非线性。分析结果表明,荷载-沉降曲线数值模拟结果与现场试验相当接近,并揭示了内外侧摩阻力的分布、端阻力的发挥、土塞的作用等一些目前无法由现场试验得到的结果。     

Review and enhancement of 3D concrete models for large‐scale numerical simulations of concrete structures

The present paper focuses on selected plasticity and damage‐plasticity models for describing the 3D material behavior of concrete. In particular, a plasticity model and a damage‐plasticity model are reviewed and evaluated. Based on the results of the evaluation, enhancements are proposed, aiming at improving the correspondence between predicted and observed material behavior and aiming at implementing a robust and efficient stress update algorithm in a finite element program for performing large‐scale 3D numerical simulations of concrete structures. The capabilities of the concrete models are demonstrated by 3D numerical simulations of benchmark tests with combined bending and torsional loading and combined compression and shear loading and by a large‐scale 3D finite element analysis of a model test of a concrete arch dam. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

预应力高强混凝土管桩在吉林省建筑工程中的应用

本文简要介绍预应力高强混凝土管桩在吉林省建筑工程中应用的前景和它的优缺点以及在设计施工中应该注意的问题。     

Finite element simulation of the thermoviscoplastic behaviour of bituminous concrete

The general framework of the paper deals with the finite element modelling of thermomechanical problems involving viscous materials. The study focuses on the statement of constitutive equations describing the thermoviscoplastic behaviour of bituminous concrete, as well as on their implementation in a finite element program. After stating the general equations of the space- and time-continuous problem and the constitutive relations governing the viscoplastic component of the bituminous concrete behaviour, we deal with their integration over finite time steps, considering two different schemes. Eventually, two sets of numerical results are presented. The first one, an homogeneous triaxial test, is used to compare those schemes, whereas the second one consists of numerical simulations of real-size experiments performed on a road structure subjected to thermal and mechanical loadings. By comparing the numerical results with experimental ones, it allows us to test the finite element code on a more complex and realistic problem. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Simulation of localization failure with strain‐gradient‐enhanced damage mechanics

Strain gradient implies an important characteristic in localized damage deformation, which can be observed in the softening state of brittle materials, and strain gradients constitute the basic behaviours of localization failure area of the materials. The most important point in strain gradient is its damaging function including an internal length scale, which can be used to express the scale effects of mechanical responses of brittle rock mass. By extending the strain gradient theory and introducing an intrinsic material length scale into the constitutive law, the authors develop an isotropic damage model as well as a micro‐crack‐based anisotropic damage model for rock‐like materials in this paper. The proposed models were used to simulate the damage localization under uniaxial tension and plain strain compression, respectively. The simulated results well illustrated the potential of these models in dealing with the well‐known mesh‐sensitivity problem in FEM. In the computation, elements with C₁ continuity have been implemented to incorporate the proposed models for failure localization. When regular rectangle elements are encountered, the coupling between finite difference method (FDM) and conventional finite element method (FEM) is used to avoid large modification to the existing FEM code, and to obtain relatively higher efficiency and reasonably good accuracy. Application of the anisotropic model to the 3D‐non‐linear FEM analysis of Ertan arch dam has been conducted and the results of its numerical simulation coincide well with those from the failure behaviours obtained by Ertan geophysical model test. In this paper, new applications of gradient theories and models for a feasible approach to simulate localized damage in brittle materials are presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道外包混凝土的裂缝控制研究

基于钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道在设计荷载下外包混凝土将带裂缝工作的基本承载特性,以缓解开裂与限裂间的矛盾为指导思想,将减小坝后背管外包混凝土裂缝宽度和提高开裂管道的耐久性作为研究目的,结合模型试验和有限元法,研究了一些裂缝控制措施的应用效果,以及有效的计算内水压力下钢衬外包混凝土裂缝宽度的公式。结果表明：总用钢量相同时,减薄钢衬,加大钢筋用量,减小裂缝宽度效果明显;减薄钢衬外包混凝土厚度,也可减小裂缝宽度;性能可靠的防水涂料具备黏接性强和变形能力高的基本性质,可进一步研究其对提高管道耐久性的长期作用;采用П-780-83规范中的裂缝宽度公式,计算结果与模型试验结果较为符合。     

三峡工程船闸边坡弹粘塑性自适应有限元分析

应用弹粘塑性自适应有限元分析方法,对三峡工程船闸第二闸室边坡开挖的全过程进行模拟分析,得出了有关应力,变形和屈服的一些认识。成果表明：与常规的有限元分析相比,自适应可使前处理简化,便于优化设计;软件具有某种标准性和规范性,易于工程技术人员掌握。     

抗滑桩极限阻力的有限元分析

应用平面应变有限元法分析了不同强度、应力状态下土体的单桩极限抗滑阻力,并与现有的极限阻力经验公式的计算结果进行了比较,论证了结果的合理性.对不同桩径及不同土体力学参数情况下的桩极限阻力进行了分析,研究了桩径及土体参数等因素对桩极限阻力的影响.为进一步利用该方法研究单桩极限抗滑阻力的计算公式提供了基础.     

现浇混凝土薄壁管桩内摩阻力的数值分析

现浇混凝土薄壁管桩(简称PCC桩)技术是河海大学自主开发研制的用于地基加固处理的新技术,它是一种适合于软土地区的新型高效优质桩型.在全面介绍了PCC桩非线性有限元分析模型的建立过程后,对PCC桩的内摩阻力进行了计算分析.分析结果表明,土塞底部的水平应力在荷载作用过程中有较大的提高,相应位置的内摩阻力达到极限值,内摩阻力沿土塞呈指数曲线分布.同时,对内摩阻力分布规律的主要因素影响也进行了分析,给出了相应的简化计算公式.     

汶川地震紫坪铺面板堆石坝地震波输入研究

对国家强震动台网中心紫坪铺面板堆石坝区域台站实测主震记录以及大坝台网实测余震记录进行分析,研究主震与强余震地震动的基本特征。分别选取茂县地办、郫县走石山、成都中和这3组基岩台站实测主震地震动,紫坪铺台站2008年11月6日实测余震地震动以及按水工抗震规范人工生成地震动作为数值计算的地震动输入,对紫坪铺大坝进行三维动力有限元分析,并与实测结果进行对比。研究表明,郫县走石山与成都中和2个远场台站位于断层下盘,其实测地震动的加速度反应谱长周期（0.65 s以后）分量过于丰富,不宜作为断裂带附近紫坪铺大坝的地震动输入;紫坪铺大坝台站实测的余震地震动1 Hz附近（大坝基频）的频率成分相对较少,且持续时间较短,以至于难以激发大坝响应;对比坝顶实测地震动加速度反应谱和数值计算反应谱,建议汶川地震中紫坪铺大坝动力计算时可采用茂县地办台站实测地震动或按抗震设计规范反应谱人工生成地震动。     

Numerical modelling of concrete flow: homogeneous approach

The aim of this paper is to model numerically concrete flow inside formworks like the Lbox. For this purpose, we use a finite element method with Lagrangian integration points (FEMLIP). We are able to follow in time and space material motion with any type of material behaviour, including non‐linear and time‐dependent ones. We also can deal with free surfaces or material interfaces. Bingham's rheology is used for fresh concrete behaviour. In order to compare with experiments, we have considered three concretes (OC, HPC and SCC) with contrasted rheologies. Their yield stress is identified by experimental slump tests and also compared with the value given by a formulation concrete software. Experimental data are found to be quite close to numerical predictions. We have also made some experimental flow tests in a LBOX. We measured the flow speed and the flow shape in the final stage. The numerical modelling of these experiments is very encouraging and shows the capability of the FEMLIP using the Bingham's law to model concrete flow and filling properties. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于渗流有限单元法因时空离散而产生的误差讨论

应用有限单元法进行地下水模拟及管理,由于把本来连续的时间和空间离散化,因而会造成一定误差,有时这种误差是不容忽视的.通过计算实例,分析了不同的空间、时间离散格式而产生的误差,应用迭加原理及特征值有限单元法,将因空间和时间离散而产生的误差区分开来,并探讨了减小误差的方法.     

Numerical upper bounds to the ultimate load bearing capacity of three-dimensional reinforced concrete structures

This contribution is addressing the ultimate limit state design of massive three-dimensional reinforced concrete structures based on a finite-element implementation of yield design theory. The strength properties of plain concrete are modeled either by means of a tension cutoff Mohr Coulomb or a Rankine condition, while the contribution of the reinforcing bars is taken into account by means of a homogenization method. This homogenization method can either represent regions of uniformly distributed steel rebars smeared into the concrete domain, but it can also be extended to model single rebars diluted into a larger region, thereby simplifying mesh generation and mesh size requirements in this region. The present paper is mainly focused on the implementation of the upper bound kinematic approach formulated as a convex minimization problem. The retained strength condition for the plain concrete and homogenized reinforced regions are both amenable to a formulation involving positive semidefinite constraints. The resulting semidefinite programming problems can, therefore, be solved using state-of-the-art dedicated solvers. The whole computational procedure is applied to some illustrative examples, where the implementation of both static and kinematic methods produces a relatively accurate bracketing of the exact failure load for this kind of structures.     

复杂区域自适应三角形网格全自动生成方法

为了使用自适应有限单元法求解岩土工程问题，本文在行被法的基础上，提出了一种适用于多介质复杂区域的三角形网格全自动生成方法。文中给出三个工程算例．     

采用挤压边墙技术的高面板坝裂缝成因分析

为加快施工进度,国内很多高面板堆石坝都采用了挤压边墙技术,用上游坡面的挤压边墙代替传统的垫层。挤压边墙的施工特点决定了其与上覆面板之间的结构关系将与传统的面板-垫层有很大差别。虽然目前面板坝的施工技术和施工水平较以前有较大的提高,但少数工程仍然出现了比较严重的面板裂缝,而采用挤压边墙技术的面板坝施工期出现的裂缝分布规律与采用面板-垫层施工方法有明显的不同。面板裂缝的产生与面板施工期的应力变形状态密切相关,目前面板堆石坝计算中采用的整体模型方法对面板的概化较多,得到的面板应力精度较差。根据挤压边墙实际的施工特点,提出采用子模型法分析面板的应力变形,对某面板坝工程裂缝成因的分析结果表明,温降和上游坡面局部高程不平整引起的面板与挤压边墙之间的局部约束过大是导致面板裂缝的主要原因。     

素混凝土劲性水泥土复合桩承载机理分析

在软基中先施打半刚性水泥土类桩（M桩）,水泥未硬凝时再施打劲性桩,形成素混凝土劲性水泥土复合桩（MC桩）。结合工程实例,根据现场静载试验、应力监测及ABAQUS有限元计算结果,研究了素混凝土劲性水泥土复合桩的受力性状,分析总结了素混凝土劲性复合桩的承载机理。通过与常规劲性桩的比较表明：（1）素混凝土劲性水泥土复合桩呈现复合地基性状;（2）素混凝土桩身应力集中显著,沿深度急剧减小,至桩端接近为“0”,通过劲芯传递到侧壁和桩端的水泥土体中,增大了荷载作用于水泥土体的面积,使复合桩全长范围内的侧阻力和端阻力得到充分发挥;（3）素混凝土桩芯比常规劲性桩更能与水泥土协调匹配,不会刺入水泥土外芯的底端。     

Settlement behaviour of a concrete faced rock-fill dam

Settlement behaviour of a concrete faced rock-fill dam (CFRD), Kurtun dam, located in the East Black Sea Region, Turkey, is investigated. This is the first instrumented CRDF in the Country. Two dimensional plane strain finite element analyses were carried out to assess the total stresses and displacements in the dam both for construction and reservoir filling stages by using computer program PLAXIS. Predicted stresses and settlements are compared with those observed and overall the results are found to be in good agreement for the construction stage. Due to the relatively steep abutment slopes, cross-valley arching has a significant effect on stresses and displacements in the dam body. For the reservoir filling condition, it is seen that, predicted settlements are larger than the observed values, which indicates that during reservoir filling the rock-fill embankment responds more stiffly than it does during the construction stage. The hardening soil model is used to represent the non-linear, inelastic and stress dependent behaviour of rock-fill material. The model parameters are selected from the appropriate values in the literature investigating comparable cases.     

含碎石层沥青加铺结构外部耦合计算方法

碎石化沥青加铺路面结构中不同层位材料性质差异显著,难以由同一种力学模型加以描述。针对这一问题,将沥青加铺层及碎石化混凝土视为连续及非连续颗粒介质,分别采用有限差分法(DEM)与颗粒离散单元法(PCC)模拟沥青加铺层及碎石结构层的力学行为,并采用耦合的方式,通过两域对应边界的相容条件与平衡条件的控制,实现了连续域与离散域的平滑过渡。作为应用,结合现场情况,将破碎混凝土简化成碎粒层、碎石表层和碎石底层,通过模拟计算,分析了破碎粒径不同组合条件下沥青加铺层对荷载的响应。结果表明,碎粒层粒径越大,沥青层的拉应力、应变越大;碎石表层粒径越小,即多锤头破碎机(MHB)破碎的越碎,原水泥混凝土面板的强度下降的越多,整体性就越差,沥青层底的拉应力、应变也就越大,因此要将破碎状态控制在一定程度为宜。     

Wall-slab joint parameter identification of a reinforced concrete structure using possibly corrupted modal data

In numerical models, the connections among component members are crucial for the prediction of structural behaviour under different types of solicitations. In reinforced structures, the connections are often assumed rigid, what may not be realistic in many practical cases. As alternative, a semi-rigid behaviour depending on a set of independent parameters can be proposed. In this case, a new difficulty arises, which is finding the appropriate values for those parameters. The present study proposes a numerical strategy for identification of the connection parameters based on the constitutive relation error (CRE). To include all available information, an augmented version (Modified CRE) is implemented. The parameters search is iterative and require large amount of system response analysis. To increase the computational efficiency, a reduced order model is adopted. The proposed approach shows low-sensitivity to limited lack of information and also to support condition variability, both of them verified numerically. In this work, experimental tests for a real 1:4 scale structure is utilized for finding the parameters corresponding to the first three modal shapes. A good agreement between numerical predictions and observations is verified, what highlights the accuracy and stability of the proposed numerical approach. The present study may also find applications in the domain of design of experiments.