月鳢个体发育早期4种同工酶的初步研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，对月鳢早期(从未受精卵至卵黄吸尽期)8个发育阶段的LDH、MDH、ADH、EST同工酶进行研究。结果表明：月鳢的早期发育阶段ADH酶谱相对稳定，均有两条谱带；LDH、MDH和EST三种同工酶的酶谱在神经胚期前均无明显变化，此后随发育进程逐渐复杂。     

月鳢不同组织中乳酸脱氢酶和酯酶同工酶的比较

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对月鳢十种组织中乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）和酯酶（ＥＳＴ）同工酶进行了比较研究,结果表明：月鳢组织内ＬＤＨ和ＥＳＴ具有明显的组织特异性,ＥＳＴ由２个座位编码,ＬＤＨ则由Ｌｄｈ－ａ、Ｌｄｈ－ｂ两个基因编码。     

三疣梭子蟹个体发育早期的同工酶初步研究

三疣梭子蟹Portunus triuberculatus（Miers）俗称白蟹，隶属于节肢动物门，甲壳纲，十足目，梭子蟹科，梭子蟹属，分布于中国、日本及朝鲜等海域。它是一种大型海产经济蟹类，食用价值高、生长快，已成为海水养殖的主要品种之一。自20世纪50年代起，我国科技工作者已经陆续对其在形态、习性、繁殖、发育、生长、种群、生理、成分和养殖技术等方面做了较多的研究。但关于梭子蟹同工酶的研究罕见报道。笔者以三疣梭子蟹发育早期幼体为材料，进行了4种同工酶谱研究，以期为三疣梭子蟹的发育生物学、遗传学以及幼体发育过程中的营养生理学研究提供参考。     

月鳢不同组织中乳酸脱氢酶和酯酶同工酶的比较

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对月鳢十种组织中乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）和酯酶（ＥＳＴ）同工酶进行了比较研究,结果表明,月鳢组织内ＬＤ睡ＥＳＴ具有明显的组织特异性,ＥＳＴ由２个座位编码,ＬＤＨ则由Ｌｄｈ－ａ、Ｌｄｈ－ｂ全两个基因编码。     

三疣梭子蟹个体发育早期的同工酶初步研究

三疣梭子蟹Portunus triuberculatus(Miers)俗称白蟹,隶属于节肢动物门,甲壳纲,十足目,梭子蟹科,梭子蟹属,分布于中国、日本及朝鲜等海域。它是一种大型海产经济蟹类,食用价值高、生长快,已成为海水养殖的主要品种之一。自20世纪50年代起,我国科技工作者已经陆续对其在形态、习性、繁殖、发育、生长、种群、生理、成分和养殖技术等方面做了较多的研究[1-5]。但关于梭子蟹同工酶的研究罕见报道。笔者以三疣梭子蟹发育早期幼体为材料,进行了4种同工酶谱研究,以期为三疣梭子蟹的发育生物学、遗传学以及幼体发育过程中的营养生理学研究提供参考…     

管角螺不同组织同工酶的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板梯度凝胶电泳技术，对管角螺7种组织（外套膜、肌肉、肝脏、心脏、生殖腺和缠卵腺）的5种同工酶（EST、SOD、ME、MDH、LDH）进行了分析，结果表明：5种同工酶存在不同程度的组织特异性，SOD、EST、LDH在肝脏组织中有较高活性，而MDH、ME在心脏组织中活性较高。     

管角螺不同组织同工酶的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板梯度凝胶电泳技术,对管角螺7种组织(外套膜、肌肉、肝脏、心脏、生殖腺和缠卵腺)的5种同工酶(EST、SOD、ME、MDH、LDH)进行了分析,结果表明:5种同工酶存在不同程度的组织特异性,SOD、EST、LDH在肝脏组织中有较高活性,而MDH、ME在心脏组织中活性较高。     

黑斑蛙（Rana nigromaculata）早期发育过程中乳酸脱氢酶同工酶

用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对黑斑蛙早期胚胎发育过程中乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）同工酶进行研究,结果表明,墨斑蛙胚胎各个不同发育时期ＬＤＨ同工酶谱有很大差异;ＬＤＨ１在整个胚胎发育过程中均处于活化状态,ＬＤＨ２、ＬＤＨ４在原肠中期开始ＬＤＨ３在尾芽期开始出现,从尾芽期到尾血循环期只出现ＬＤＨ－１、－２、－３和－４四条酶带,但不同时期各种同工酶的表达活性不同。     

黑斑蛙(Rana nigromaculata)早期发育过程中乳酸脱氢酶同工酶

用垂直平板聚丙烯酸胺凝胶电泳技术对黑斑蛙早期胚胎发育过程中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）同工酶进行研究。结果表明,黑斑蛙胚胎各个不同发育时期LDH同工酶谱有很大差异：LDH1在整个胚胎发育过程中均处于活化状态,LDH2、LDH4在原肠中期开始出现,LDH3在尾芽期开始出现。从尾芽期到尾血循环期只出现LDH－1、－2、－3和-4四条酶带,但不同时期各种同工酶的表达活性不同。     

企鹅珍珠贝同工酶表达多态性的初步研究

采用垂直板状聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳，对企鹅珍珠贝鳃组织的酯酶(EST)、葡萄糖-6磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)5种同工酶进行了检测，并对酶谱特征进行了生化遗传分析。酶谱表型显示企鹅珍珠贝的同工酶呈现多态现象，同工酶表达上的多态性表明企鹅珍珠贝具有较丰富的遗传多样性。     

Isozymes Analysis of the Golden Cuttlefish Sepia esculenta (Cephalopoda: Sepiidae)

1　Introduction　ThegoldencuttlefishSepiaesculenta,aneriticanddemersalspecies,livesinthedepthof 1 0 - 1 0 0meters,andsometimesinseabottomsand .Itiswidelydistrib utedfromcentralHonshutoVietnamandthePhilip pines .Thegoldencuttlefishisalsoanimportantobjectof…     

褐菖鲉同工酶的组织特异性及群体遗传结构

用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板不连续凝胶电泳法对湛江海域褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)心、肝、肾、性腺、肌肉、鳃、眼、脑等8种组织的12种同工酶(ADH、a-AMY、CAT、EST、GDH、LDH、MDH、ME、POD、PPO、SDH、SOD)进行分析。结果表明,12种同工酶均有明显的组织特异性。经筛选,对肝脏和眼的8种同工酶(ADH、EST、LDH、MDH、ME、POD、SDH、SOD)进行群体遗传结构分析,共记录了18个基因位点,其中呈多态性的基因位点有5个(Adh-1、Est-2、m-Pod-1、s-Pod-1、s-Sod-1),多态位点比例(P)为27.78%,平均有效等位基因数(Ae)为1.238 8,平均观测杂合度(Ho)值为0.1401。     

Ontogeny of the Lymphoid Organs of Japanese Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

Histological study on the ontogeny of the lymphoid organs, kidney, thymus and spleen of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, from hatching to 40d was carried out. The pronephric kidney duct appeared early in hatching although the primordial haemopoietic stem cells wereobserved within a week after hatching. The spleen was first seen after 8d of hatching. The thymus appeared after 15d, situated near the pronephric kidney. Small lymphoid cells appeared during the later phase of the post-larval stage in the sequence of thymus, kidney and spleen. During the 40d of observations, there were no distinct inner or outer zones in thymus and no red or white pulp in spleen. These results suggest that the nonspecific defense immune system plays a very important role in the early larval stage of Japanese flounder.     

Isozymes Analysis of the Golden Cuttlefish Sepia esculenta（Cephalopoda ： Sepiidae）

Thirty-nine isozymes in four tissues (mantle muscle, buccal bulb muscle, eye and liver) of Sepia esculenta were screened for enzymatic analysis using starch gel electrophoretic technique. Eighteen enzymes (G3PDH, LDH, MDH, MEP, IDHP, PGDH, GRS, NP, AAT, CK, AK, EST, ALP, ACP, FBP, MPI, GPI and PGM) show strong activities and good convergence in zymogram. They are proved to be suitable genetic markers in Sepia esculenta. Among the tissues used, mantle muscle is the best for electrophoretic analysis of isozymes. Eye and liver are fairly good for some special enzymes, such as LDH, EST, MPI, etc. Twenty-six loci are detected. The proportion of polymorphic loci is 0.115 in the Qingdao sample and 0.153 in the Rizhao sample (P<0.99). The mean values of the observed and expected heterozygosity per locus of Qingdao sample are 0.016 and 0.017, while those of the Rizhao sample are 0.023 and 0.025 respectively.     

Ontogeny of the lymphoid organs of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

Histological study on the ontogeny of the lymphoid organs, kidney, thymus and spleen of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, from hatching to 40 d was carried out. The pronephric kidney duct appeared early in hatching although the primordial haemopoietic stem cells were observed within a week after hatching. The spleen was first seen after 8d of hatching. The thymus appeared after 15d, situated near the pronephric kidney. Small lymphoid cells appeared during the later phase of the post-larval stage in the sequence of thymus, kidney and spleen. During the 40d of observations, there were no distinct inner or outer zones in thymus and no red or white pulp in spleen. These results suggest that the nonspecific defense immune system plays a very important role in the early larval stage of Japanese flounder.     

Ontogeny of the immune system in rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus

Histogenesis of the immune system and specific activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) were studied in rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus from fertilization to 50 days after hatching(DAH).The pronephric tubule primordium developed in the embryo,14 h 30 min post fertilization.The spleen anlage was observed between the swim bladder and the intestine at 5 DAH,and the thymus was formed as a paired structure under the pharyngeal epithelium above the gill arch at 10 DAH.The order of the immune organs becoming lymphoid was the pronephric kidney(10 DAH),thymus(15 DAH) and spleen(21 DAH).As the embryo developed,the specific activity of SOD gradually increased until hatching,but subsequently SOD activity continuously decreased to a minimum at 14 DAH.After the spleen became lymphoid,the specific activity of SOD was relatively stable.It is suggested that the immaturity of the lymphoid organs and low specific activity of SOD was the cause of the high mortality of fingerlings 12 to 16 DAH.     

Genetic Analysis of Four Populations of Redlip Mullet(Chelon haematocheilus) Collected in China Seas

1 Introduction The redlip mullet, (Chelon haematocheilus) (Tem-minck et Schlegel, 1845), belongs to the family Mugili-dae. It is mainly distributed in the coastal areas of Korea, Japan and China (Wang et al., 2000). Because of the good adaptation to envir…