青铜沟汞锑矿尾砂充填系统方案设计

尾砂充填是一个复杂的系统,需要综合多个学科的知识。结合青铜沟汞锑矿工程对尾砂充填系统进行研究,青铜沟汞锑矿工程在多年的开采过程中形成了大范围的地下采空区。为了解决采空区安全问题,需要对采空区进行充填。综合考虑地下采空区的分布情况,将尾砂充填分为3个充填单元,采用分区充填方式进行处理。通过4种方案比选,在青铜沟820 m设置充填站为较优方案,为了保证采空区充填质量,选用3种充填料以满足充填需求,建设3个长方形卧式砂仓。结合青铜沟汞锑矿工程经验,从砂料制备、胶结充填料制备、管道铺设、管路选择等方面对充填实施过程进行了详细介绍,可为类似矿山尾矿充填工程提供参考。     

尾砂胶结块体压缩及粉化特性试验研究

地下采矿引起了地表塌陷和错动;尾矿库储存尾砂能力有限,同时又受到征地限制。为综合解决这两个问题,针对金山店铁矿现状,采用半干胶结块体充填塌陷区。但在上覆和周围岩层再塌陷过程中,充填块体易破碎粉化并诱发深部采空区泥石流。因此,需要研究塌陷后充填块体的粉化率以及诱发泥石流的可能性。为此,分别对抗压强度为1、3 MPa的尾砂胶结块体和抗压强度为6 MPa的尾砂胶结块体与废石混合体进行分级压缩,并记录竖向应力-应变;当加载到某一级荷载胶结块体发生破碎并粉化时,取样进行颗粒筛分试验,分析破碎块体的粒径分布曲线。对试验结果分析可得,在采空区发生塌陷压缩胶结块体时,各种状态下的块体粉化率为8%～15%;胶结块体与废石混合充填,可有效降低围岩塌陷后充填体破碎的块体粉化率,结合泥石流试验结果,尾砂胶结块体充填诱发泥石流的可能性较小;即使发生,也能保证矿区井下正常生产     

安徽淮北廖家铁矿地质灾害分析及治理建议方案

通过研究安徽省淮北市廖家铁矿自然地理和地质环境等特点、分析矿区地质灾害现状发现,矿区范围内可能会发生因矿山开采引发的采空塌陷、地表岩石移动等地质灾害。经分析论证,矿区采空区拟选用上向进路尾砂胶结充填法、上向水平分层尾砂胶结充填法、浅孔留矿嗣后充填法三种充填加固方法;矿山闭坑后废弃井筒密闭填充,拆除相关建筑物,覆土整平。通过灾害治理,以达到减小对矿山地质环境的破坏的目的,使矿山生产得以安全有效进行。     

深部采空区尾砂胶结充填体强度特性试验研究

采空区充填体可以改善围岩应力状态、限制围岩移动的规模,维护空区的稳定性和地表的生态环境。根据充填体作用的机理,利用正交试验研究影响尾砂充填体强度的因素,优选出符合工程需要的尾砂胶结充填体材料配比,分析了该配比下的充填体强度特性。结果表明,充填体可以有效地限制该矿区的地压活动,对于资源的二次利用和环境保护也有较大意义。     

尾砂高水基固化剂充填新技术的应用

采用“高水基单浆料固化剂”作胶结材料，与尾砂制成充填料浆输送到井下采空区，充填体不需脱水且早期强度高。该项新技术在南京铅锌银矿的应用较好地解决了井下采空区充填问题，实现了“无尾矿山”的环保目标，取得了显著的效益。     

地学园地

矿洞充填新技术采矿后留下的空洞,既不安全又不好处理,选冶后剩下的尾砂既占用大量土地又严重污染环境.这是世界采矿业存在的两大难题.虽然国际上在60年代出现了尾砂分级充填技术,即是将尾砂分级筛选,粗的用于充填,但其只可     

矿山充填孔及尾砂矿充填回采技术的应用与探讨

尾矿砂是固体矿物矿山开采选矿过程中的废弃产物,大量尾砂地表堆积库存,给生态环境,耕地及人民生命安全带来严重的危害。矿山回采区回填,是矿山开采可持续发展的趋势。通过已开采矿山应用尾矿砂充填采空区的实践研究成果,介绍了矿山充填钻孔施工及尾矿充填工艺等技术,并分析阐述了矿山尾矿砂回填这种"绿色"开采社会意义和经济价值。     

高水材料充填技术在减小地表沉降中的应用

高水材料用于采空区充填有着工艺简单、凝结速度快、性能稳定等优点。采用建立地表沉降观测站方式,研究了用高水材料充填采空区后地表沉降变形规律。结果显示,充填后地表的下沉量明显减小。2009年5—12月,充填后地表最大下沉值为165.6 mm,月平均下沉20.7 mm。该方法用于减小开采引起的地表沉降,比传统的充填方法效果明显。      

废石尾砂胶结充填体材料力学特性研究

<正>用废料进行复合集料充填是一种创造性的有效采矿充填法(Annor,1999)。复合集料因具有良好和独特的结构特性而被广泛应用在许多工程领域。废石尾砂胶结充填是最流行的复合集料充填方法之一。它能充分消纳矿山产出的废石和尾砂,不仅维护了矿山生态环境而且促进了矿山可持续发展。     

动态荷载下胶结充填体力学响应及能量损伤演化过程研究

为研究尾砂胶结充填体的动态力学性能及能量损伤演化过程,采用分离式霍普金森杆对尾砂胶结充填体进行了不同应变率下的冲击加载试验。试验结果表明：充填体的动态抗压强度和动态抗压强度增强因子随应变率的增加呈指数函数递增规律,且水泥含量越低的充填体应变率效应更显著;充填体的峰前能耗量密度、峰后能耗量密度、单位体积应变能及总能耗量密度随应变率的增加均呈指数函数递增规律,且动态抗压强度与峰后耗散能密度具有明显的正相关关系;冲击载荷作用下,充填体变形破坏主要经历了线弹性变形、屈服破坏及峰后破裂这3个阶段;在充填体的线弹性变形及屈服破坏阶段,能量以弹性应变能的形式储存在试样内部,而在峰后破裂阶段,能量以耗散能释放为主;冲击加载下,充填体的受荷能量损伤演化过程划分为损伤稳定发展阶段、损伤加速阶段及损伤破坏阶段3个阶段。     

神东矿区地下水变化观测与分析研究

针对西部大规模高强度煤炭开采对地下水的影响,利用神东矿区约1 500 km2区域的200余个钻孔的长期观测结果,研究了超大综采工作面开采工艺对地下水系统的影响规律,地下水流场变化与基岩和含水层空间分布的关系。研究表明,超大综采工作面开采形成了地下水"汇聚带",开采对基岩和含水层厚度较薄区的地下水系统影响较大,研究区采后含水介质厚度稳定且较厚区域含水层含水厚度损失大部分在30%左右,且逐步趋于稳定。      

鹤庆北衙铁金矿区环境地质现状及预测评价

北衙铁金矿区万硐山矿段已露天开采多年,而进入后期,将转入深部地下开采。矿区存在的环境地质问题已初步显现。对露天转地下深部开采时主要的环境地质问题进行预测。     

章丘市采煤区地质环境问题及恢复治理

煤炭是章丘市的主要矿产资源,分布于章丘市中、西部地区,煤炭地质储量1.67亿t,可采储量0.43亿t,年生产能力200万t左右,开采方式为地下开采。针对章丘市采煤区不同的地质环境问题,提出了相应的治理措施,对采空塌陷区土地进行综合治理,对固体废弃物和矿井排水进行资源化利用。上述措施和方法的推广,既节约了大量土地,又改善了矿区环境质量,取得了良好的社会、经济、环境效益。     

地下开采中优势面控灾机理分析

煤矿地下开采事故屡见不鲜。氨今为止,尚没有一种完善的理论能对灾害事故发生展布机理作出很好的解释。本文据诸多实例了优势面控水、控稳的两类机制,并建立了相应的优势指标和评价准则,为地下开采灾害控制研究提出一种新的思想和分析方法。     

Integration of D-InSAR and GIS technology for identifying illegal underground mining in Yangquan District,Shanxi Province,China

The illegal mining events could be found in coal-rich regions around the world, which could not only seriously damage mineral resources and ecological environment, but also cause mine disasters and great economic loss, as well as threatening safety production and social stability. Due to wide distribution of mines and strong concealment of underground illegal mining activities, it is hard to find out these behaviors promptly and accurately depending only on mine law-enforcing departments whose investigations will be time–energy–finance-consuming. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to quickly and accurately identify illegal mining events. To solve the problem, this paper uses the new mining subsidence monitoring by D-InSAR to accurately get the surface deformation and establishes a space–time relationship model of surface deformation and underground mining characterized by subsidence. On the basis of this, the integration of D-InSAR and GIS technology is used to develop a quick, efficient, and accurate way to identify illegal underground mining areas. Then, a case study is conducted in the district of Yangquan, Shanxi Province, China. The identification results have been compared with the data about illegal mining by local law-enforcing departments during the same period. The research results indicate that the identification results are basically the same as the actual illegal mining events. Therefore, the proposed method based on integration of D-InSAR and GIS technology could be utilized for real-time and dynamic monitoring of illegal mining events. The results could also provide important technical support in guiding mine law-enforcing departments to timely crack down and remove illegal underground mining events, maintain mining orders, and protect the ecological environment.     

Underground geotechnical and geological investigations at Ekati Mine–Koala North: case study

Since 1998, BHP Billiton has mined diamonds at the Ekati Diamond Mine™ near Lac de Gras in the Northwest Territories of Canada. Current operations are based on mining multiple pipes by the open-pit method, but as some pits deepen, converting to underground mining is being considered.

As a test of underground mining methods and to provide access to the lower elevations of the Panda and Koala pipes, the Koala North pipe is being developed for underground mining. Initially, the top 40 m of the pipe were mined as an open pit to provide grade information and a prepared surface for the transition to underground mining. Currently, Koala North is being developed as an open-benching, mechanized, trackless operation. Although the method was successfully used at several De Beers diamond operations in South Africa, it has never been tested in an Arctic environment.

This case study describes basic geology, mining method layout and ongoing geological and geotechnical investigation. From the beginning of underground development, geotechnical daily routines have been fully integrated within the technical services department, which supports the operation. Geotechnical, geological and structural information obtained from underground mapping and core logging is compiled, processed, reviewed and analyzed on site by the geotechnical staff. Conclusions and recommendations are implemented as part of the operations in a timely manner. This ongoing “live” process enables the operators to make the most efficient use of resources both for ground support and excavations as well as to address safety issues, which are the top priority.     

井下采掘三维定位自动监控系统功能架构设计

设计了井下采掘三维定位自动监控系统的总体结构,详细介绍各个功能模块的设计原理及系统实现的功能。应用三维GIS技术J、ava3D技术建立了矿山三维可视化平台,并在此基础上与矿山井下人员定位系统、矿业产量远程监控系统,集成开发了井下采掘三维定位自动监控系统,实现了井下采掘的实时监控、人员实时定位,降低了矿山开采的安全隐患,提高了对矿山开采的监管力度,能够为矿产资源开发与保护、矿山安全管理等提供信息服务。     

Mining Method Selection and Optimization for Hanging-Wall Ore-Body at Yanqianshan Iron Mine,China

In order to smooth ore production during the transition from open pit to underground mining at Yanqianshan Iron Mine, China, it is necessary to select an appropriate mining method to operate simultaneously open-pit mining and underground mining for inner-slope (hanging-wall) ore-body. Based on practical geologic setting of the hanging-wall ore-body, a comprehensive evaluation model for selecting the underground mining method to extract handing-wall ore-body was proposed, which is constituted by 3 sub-systems of safety factors, production factors and technical–economic factors. This evaluation model could be analyzed by the mutation progression method, which based on catastrophe theory and fuzzy mathematics. In addition, the FLAC^3D is employed to simulate the mining process of hanging-wall ore-body, and finally the optimal mining scheme is determined. By using mutation progression analysis and numerical modeling, some useful conclusions for hanging-wall ore-body mining have been drawn, which will be beneficial to mining safety during transitional period from open-pit to underground mining.     

综合电参数在采煤地区拟建城市区地质结构识别及其评价研究

贵州黔西北地区煤矿资源丰富,因由于煤矿开采导致城市地下地质结构变化而引发安全问题。城市地下空间是城市未来发展的重要增长极,拟建城市规划区地下空间地质结构的识别及评价工作极为重要。文中提出基于电场理论、采空区氧化还原环境及煤区地质规律,综合电阻率、电流、自然电位等多个电参数对采煤区拟建城市区地质结构快速识别的方法,并对强风化层、老窑采空区、煤矿采空区等地质结构特征进行评价,取得成果与实地踏勘、已有工程一致,可为城区建设场地地质灾害危险性评价和地下空间开发利用提供重要依据。该方法具有无损、高效、绿色、低成本等优势,值得进一步研究推广。     

莱州湾南岸地下卤水水位动态变化与开采量关系研究

由于多年来大量开采地下卤水,莱州湾南岸已经形成多个地下卤水降落漏斗。该文根据区内盐场水位长期观测资料,较系统地分析了地下卤水水位动态变化规律,查明了卤水水位与开采量的关系,建立了区内卤水水位与开采量相关关系方程。通过分析说明开采对水位的影响,为改善区内地质环境,合理利用卤水资源提供了科学依据。